• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.579-589
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• 2017

Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total GSL contents in leaves and roots of 44 radish (Raphanus spp.) germplasm (26 R. sativus L., 3 R. raphanistrum, and 15 R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), and compare the GSL contents between leaves and roots among three Raphanus species. Thirteen GSLs were identified, being the glucoraphasatin (GRS) and glucobrassicin (GBS) the most abundant aliphatic and indolyl GSLs in both the leaves and roots. Variation in individual and total GSL contents was found among the germplasm of three Raphanus species. The GRS content was higher in roots than that of leaves in all three Raphanus species but the GBS content was higher in leaves than roots. GRS was represented 87.0%, 92.7% and 94.7% of the total GSL in roots of R. sativus L., R. raphanistrum and R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) germplasm, respectively. Germplasm of R. raphanistrum exhibited the highest (average, $79.5{\mu}mol/g\;dw$) total GSL with a ranged from 62.7 to $92.9{\mu}mol/g\;dw$. The germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu and IT119262 from R. sativus L., RA 504 and K046542 from R. raphanistrum, and Gyeongju-2003-32 (G2003-32) and IT302373 from R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) had high total GSL contents and these could be good candidates for developing the functional compounds-rich varieties in radish breeding program.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2014

To study the distribution characteristics of diatom communities in relation to the gradient of water quality and land-use, water samples and epilithic diatoms were collected from 90 sites including mainstream and tributaries, in the Geum River System (GRS) during no rainfall, May 2011. Of 239 taxa identified, Achnanthes convergens and Cymbella minuta were dominated over all the sites. Cluster analysis on the GRS divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) is the mountainous upstream, a relatively good water quality, and mainly consisted of saproxenous species. Group 2 (G2) is the urban sites, polluted (high in electric conductivity, total phosphate and soluble reactive phosphorus), and saproxenous and common species. Group 3 (G3) is the agriculture sites, and polluted (turbidity, total nitrogen, nitrate), and saprophilous species. There were some discrepancies between abiotic and biotic variables in GRS; biologically similar between G1 and G2, but abiotically similar between G2 and G3. These differences may attribute to not only physiological characteristics of diatom cells, but complicate relationships between microhabitat and water quality. Thus, an urgent development of generalized or standardized methods to diminish the differences between epilithic diatom community and environments is advent.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.984-989
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• 2005

This study aims to identify grammatical relations (GRs) in Korean sentences. The key task is to find the GRs in sentences in terms of such GR categories as subject, object, and adverbial. To overcome this problem, we are fared with the many ambiguities. We propose a statistical model, which resolves the grammatical relational ambiguity first, and then finds correct noun phrases (NPs) arguments of given verb phrases (VP) by using the probabilities of the GRs given NPs and VPs in sentences. The proposed model uses the characteristics of the Korean language such as distance, no-crossing and case property. We attempt to estimate the probabilities of GR given an NP and a VP with Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. Through an experiment with a tree and GR tagged corpus for training the model, we achieved an overall accuracy of $84.8\%,\;94.1\%,\;and\;84.8\%$ in identifying subject, object, and adverbial relations in sentences, respectively.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2017

Stress at work has become a serious problem affecting many people of different professions, life situations, and age groups. Stress management should start far before the stress start causing illnesses. In this study, studies were conducted to evaluate stress by measuring the Galvanic skin Response(GRS), Electrocardiograph(ECG), and Electroencephalogram(EEG) generated during images and noise stimuli. The GRS amplitude showed that the stress situation was 27.9 % higher than the baseline. And after the stimulus period, the response time of baseline was longer than 71.6 % than the stress situation. The stress response characteristics of the HRV showed that the rate of change in RMSSD was 16.4 %, and the rate of change of the HF Power was 29.7 %. EEG showed that the frequency band was gradually changed to the ${\theta}$ wave band during stress stimulation. We will be able to utilize image stimuli and noise stimuli as an objective indicator of stress and correlation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2003

In this study, the effect of temperature and soil confining stress on geosyntheic stress-strain properties was quantified by performing the temperature dependent confined tension tests for four types of geosynthetic including woven geotextile, composite, geomembrane and geogrid specimen. Temperature instrumentation on the GRS-retaining wall constructed in Jaechon-shi area was also performed to examine the a seasonal temperature variation of geosynthetic reinforcements in the backfill. Based on the test results, a comparison was made between unconfined and confined moduli far each temperature to quantify the soil confinement and temperature effect on stress-strain properties. And it was also proposed that the simple expressions for the secant moduli of geosynthetics as a function of temperature and confining stress on geosynthetics. As a result of the FDM analysis of GRS-retaining wall, the method of considering the effect of temperature and confining stress on geosynthetic reinforcements when performing the FDM analysis of GRS-retaining wall was proposed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1994

In this study, we fabricated and characterized a calorimetric-type flow sensing element using a micromachined silicon substrate. The cooling and heating effects resulted from the gas flow were measured by two temperature sensors located at both sides of the heating resistor, and the insulator diaphragm was employed as a substrate in order to improve thermal isolation. The sensor generated $0{\sim}378.4mV$ output signal under 10V bridge-applied voltage when the nitrogen gas was passed on the sensor surface having a mass flow rate of $0{\sim}0.25grs/min$, and reached to the stable operating condition within 10 seconds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1996

This paper deals with the gravimetric solution of geoid by Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) technique in and around Korean Peninsula. The used reference surface is OSU91A geopotential model up to degree and order 180 refered to GRS80. The remove and restore technique was applied to obtain the geoidal height in this paper. And the FFT with 20% window was applied to compute the medium wavelength effect from terrestrial gravity anomalies. For the comparison of computed results, the geometric geoidal height was derived from GPS/Levelling data. According to the comparison, the mean value and RMSE of the differences are 0.3819m and 0.4695m respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.196-203
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• 2008

Durability of geosynthetics for soil reinforcement is accounted for creep and creep rupture, installation damage and weathering, chemical and biological degradation. Among these, the long-term creep properties have been considered as the most important factors which are directly related to the failure of geosynthetic-reinforced soil(GRS). However, the creep test methods and strain limits are too various to compare the test results with each other. The most widely used test methods are conventional creep test, time-temperature superposition and stepped isothermal method as accelerated creep tests. Recently developed design guidelines recommend that creep-rupture curve be used to determine the creep reduction factor($RF_{CR}$) which is a conservative approach. In this study, the different creep test methods were compared and the creep reduction factors were estimated at different creep strain limits of 10% of total creep strain and creep rupture. In order to minimize the impact of creep strain to the GRS structures, the various creep reduction factors using different creep test methods should be investigated and then the most appropriated one should be selected for incorporating into the design.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.945-952
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• 2023

In this paper, GRS chip driven JNI code application SW design based on Android platform was designed and fabricated as motion gesture frame module based on Android platform. The serial data reception module design proposed by the application-based network support API technology was designed with Android-based module design, Android-based module implementation, and Android-based function module implementation design. The data information of the sensor could be checked through Android applications such as classes of serial communication drivers, libraries, and frameworks for receiving data from wireless communication devices through Android OS applications. In addition, applications in Android implement application SW that can judge motion gestures in four directions using Java.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of methanolic extracts of cooked mixed grain rice samples, including grain rice (sorghum, black bean, proso millet, and Job's tears) mixed with fermented brown rice (GR), GR added with 0.5% water extract of Sanghwang mushroom (GRS) or 0.1% curry (GRK), and traditional five grain mixed rice (TMR, Ohgokbap), on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative injury in LLC-PK1 pig renal epithelial cells. White rice (WR) was used as a positive control. Cells were first exposed to $H_2O_2$ ($250{\mu}M$) for 4 hr, followed by treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of different GR extracts for 24 hr. $H_2O_2$ significantly induced cell damage (P<0.05). Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were measured. In addition, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were determined by RT-PCR assay. Mixed grain rice, particularly GRS and GRK, were able to reduce cellular levels of ROS, decrease lipid peroxidation, and also increase mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes compared to other samples. These results suggest that mixed grain rice, specifically GRS and GRK, have strong protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative injury in LLC-PK1 cells through inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of ROS levels, and elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities.