• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2010

목적 : 본 논문에서는 DIR 영상을 이용하여 두뇌의 피질두께측정 연구를 수행하는 한편 평행 영상기법 중 하나인 GRAPPA (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions)를 이용하여 GRAPPA 인자 (reduction factor, R)가 2일 때와 평행 영상기법을 이용하지 않았을 때의 결과 비교를 통해 3D DIR 영상의 획득시간 단축 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 3.0T 자기공명영상장치 (Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner)의 3D DIR 펄스열을 이용하여 6명(남자 3명, 여자 3명, $25.33{\pm}2.25$살)의 정상인 뇌에 대한 3차원 영상을 얻었다. GRAPPA 시뮬레이션은 R=2 일 때를 가정하여 수행되었고 두뇌 피질두께측정을 위해 Analyze 9.0과 Freesurfer v.4.3.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 결과로 얻은 데이터를 T-검증을 이용하여 비교분석 하였다. 결과 : GRAPPA 기법을 통하여 복원한 영상이 잡음이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 두뇌 피질두께 측정에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 통계분석을 통해 비교한 결과 대부분의 두뇌 영역에서 참조영상과 GRAPPA 기법을 이용한 영상의 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 피질두께측정 연구에 있어서 3D DIR영상의 문제점 중 하나는 긴 영상획득시간이다. 따라서 평행영상 기법 중 하나인 GRAPPA 영상기법을 적용하면 피질두께측정 연구결과의 큰 차이없이 영상 획득 시간을 단축시킬 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2017년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.107-108
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• 2017

3차원 위상대조도 기법의 단점인 긴 검사시간으로 인해 임상적 유용성이 떨어진다. 본 논문은 시간매개변수인 병렬영상기법(Grappa) 변경에 따른 혈류정보의 정량적 평가를 통해 차이점을 알아보고 임상적 활용정도를 평가하였다. 자체 제작한 혈류팬텀을 통해 실험하였으며, Grappa을 5번 변경하여 실험하였다. 연구결과, Grappa를 적용하지 않았을 경우 혈류속도는 평균 9.42로 총 4단계를 적용한 혈류속도 차이율은 각각(1.4, 1.5, 0.4, 1.5%)이었으며 flow와 WSS도 각각(1.4, 1.6, 0.8, 25%), (2.1, 1.4, 1.1, 0.8%)이었다. 통계적으로도 유의하지 않아 Grappa를 적용하지 않은 검사법과 혈류정보가 동일하였다.(P>0.05) 긴 검사 시간으로 인해 임상적 활용이 떨어지는 짧은 검사시간을 요하는 소아환자나 중등도 환자 또는 폐쇄공포증 환자에게 시간을 단축한 3차원 위상대조도 기법을 사용하여 단점을 보완한다면 임상적 활용가치가 높아질 것이라 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the applicability of the improved median filter in positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) fusion images based on parallel imaging using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA). In this study, a PET/MR fusion imaging system based on a 3.0T magnetic field and ¹⁸F radioisotope were used. An improved median filter that can set a mask of the median value more efficiently than before was modeled and applied to the acquired image. As quantitative evaluation parameters of the noise level, the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and coefficient of variation (COV) were calculated. Additionally, no-reference-based evaluation parameters were used to analyze the overall image quality. We confirmed that the CNR and COV values of the PET/MR fusion images to which the improved median filter was applied improved by approximately 3.32 and 2.19 times on average, respectively, compared to the noisy image. In addition, the no-reference-based evaluation results showed a similar trend for the noise-level results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that it can be supplemented by using an improved median filter, which suggests the problem of image quality degradation of PET/MR fusion images that shortens scan time using GRAPPA.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

Purpose: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging can be obtained faster with shorter repletion time (TR), but it gets noisier. We hypothesized that shorter-TR FLAIR obtained at 3 tesla (3T) with a 32-channel coil may be comparable to conventional FLAIR. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value between conventional FLAIR (TR = 9000 ms, FLAIR9000) and shorter-TR FLAIR (TR = 6000 ms, FLAIR6000) at 3T in terms of diffusion-weighted imaging-FLAIR mismatch. Materials and Methods: We recruited 184 patients with acute ischemic stroke (28 patients < 4.5 hours) who had undergone 5-mm diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and two successive 5-mm FLAIR images (no gap; in-plane resolution, $0.9{\times}0.9mm$) at 3T with a 32-channel coil. The acquisition times for FLAIR9000 and FLAIR6000 were 108 seconds (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions [GRAPPA] = 2) and 60 seconds (GRAPPA = 3), respectively. Two radiologists independently assessed the paired imaging sets (DWI-FLAIR9000 and DWI-FLAIR6000) for the presence of matched hyperintense lesions on each FLAIR imaging. The signal intensity ratios (area of DWI lesion to contralateral normal-appearing region) on both FLAIR imaging sets were compared. Results: DWI-FLAIR9000 mismatch was present in 39 of 184 (21.2%) patients, which was perfectly the same on FLAIR6000. Three of 145 patients (2%) with DWI-matched lesions on FLAIR9000 had discrepancy on FLAIR6000, showing no significant difference (P > 0.05). Interobserver agreement was excellent for both DWI-FLAIR9000 and DWI-FLAIR6000 (k = 0.904 and 0.883, respectively). Between the two FLAIR imaging sets, there was no significant difference of signal intensity ratio (mean, standard deviation; $1.25{\pm}0.20$; $1.24{\pm}0.20$, respectively) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: For the determination of mismatch or match between DWI and FLAIR imaging, there is no significant difference between FLAIR9000 and FLAIR6000 at 3T with a 32-channel coil.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2022

This paper discusses an improved unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, configuration characterized by telescopic booms to optimize the flight mechanics and fuel consumption of the aircraft at various loading/flight conditions.The starting point consists of a full-composite smaller UAV which was derived by a general aviation ultralight motorized aircraft ULM. The present design, named ToBoFlex, extends the two-booms configuration to a three tons aircraft. To adapt the design to needs relevant to different applications, new solutions were proposed in aerodynamic fields and materials and structural areas. Different structural solutions were reported. To optimize aircraft endurance, the innovative concept of Telescopic Tail Boom was considered along with two different tails architecture. A new structural configuration of the fuselage was proposed. Further consideration of hydrogen fuel cell electric propulsion is now being studied in collaboration between the Polytechnic of Turin and Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University which could be the starting point of future investigations.

• 트랜스-
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• 제9권
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

최근 공연예술에서 두드러지게 확인할 수 있는 현상은 바로 예술 생산물의 사회적 공유이다. 각 지자체의 도시 재해석의 결과로서 공연물 제작, 극장을 벗어난 공연의 활성화, 그리고 거리 및 특정한 공간 및 공공의 공간에서 이뤄지는 공연 행위 등은 기존의 극장 중심의 공연 형태에서 벗어나 사회적 소통과 확대를 통해 예술행위의 외연 확장을 위한 노력으로 보인다. 나아가 이는 동시대 공연예술의 공공성의 위치를 반증한다고 볼 수 있겠다. 이에 본 연구자는 몇 년 전부터 활발하게 행해져온 공공예술의 한 부류인 장소 특정적 공연 형태를 근거로 하여 최근 일어난 이태리 발사로 델 그라파 도시의 (Balsano del grapa) 전시 축제인 오페라 에스테이트(Operaestate) 축제를 통해 관객과 학습자의 수행성을 연구하고자 한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.252-265
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• 2021

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a clinical gold-standard non-invasive imaging technique for the assessment of global and regional cardiac function. Conventional cardiac MRI is limited by the long acquisition time, the need for ECG gating and/or long breathhold, and insufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Real-time cardiac cine MRI refers to high spatiotemporal cardiac imaging using data acquired continuously without synchronization or binning, and therefore of potential interest in overcoming the limitations of conventional cardiac MRI. Novel acquisition and reconstruction techniques must be employed to facilitate real-time cardiac MRI. The goal of this study is to discuss methods that have been developed for real-time cardiac MRI. In particular, we classified existing techniques into two categories based on the use of non-iterative and iterative reconstruction. In addition, we present several research trends in this direction, including deep learning-based image reconstruction and other advanced real-time cardiac MRI strategies that reconstruct images acquired from real-time free-breathing techniques.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.95-122
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• 2020

In this article, we evaluated the performance of radiofrequency (RF) coils in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and homogeneity of magnetic resonance images when used for ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High-quality MRI can be obtained when these two basic requirements are met. However, because of the dielectric effect, 7T magnetic resonance imaging still produces essentially a non-uniform magnetic flux (|B₁|) density distribution. In general, heterogeneous and homogeneous RF coils may be designed using electromagnetic (EM) modeling. Heterogeneous coils, which are surface coils, are used in consideration of scalability in the |B₁| region with a high S/N as multichannel loop coils rather than selecting a single loop. Loop coils are considered state of the art for their simplicity yet effective |B₁|-field distribution and intensity. In addition, combining multiple loop coils allows phase arrays (PA). PA coils have gained great interest for use in receiving signals because of parallel imaging (PI) techniques, such as sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition (GRAPPA), which drastically reduce the acquisition time. With the introduction of a parallel transmit coil (pTx) system, a form of transceiver loop arrays has also been proposed. In this article, we discussed the applications and proposed designs of loop coils. RF homogeneous coils for volume imaging include Alderman-Grant resonators, birdcage coils, saddle coils, traveling wave coils, transmission line arrays, composite right-/left-handed arrays, and fusion coils. In this article, we also discussed the basic operation, design, and applications of these coils.