• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2002

본 논문은 연결정보가 없는 3차원 점으로부터 차이분할메쉬를 직접 생성하는 새로운 메쉬 복원 알고리즘을 제안한다. 차이분할메쉬는 표현해야 하는 각 정점을 1차원 상수 차이 값으로 표현하는 메쉬로써 저장해야하는 데이타양을 획기적으로 줄이면서 분할메쉬의 장점인 분할연결성을 가지므로 다단계 표현이 가능한 새로운 메쉬 표현법이지만 차이분할메쉬를 생성하는 기존의 방법은 레인지 데이타로부터 복원된 비정형 메쉬로부터 차이분할메쉬로의 변환을 거쳐야 하는 문제점이 있다. 제안 알고리즘은 비정형 메쉬로부터의 메쉬 변환과정이 필요 없이 연결정보가 없는 레인지 데이타로부터 차이값에 기반한 분할메쉬를 매쉬 복원과정에서 직접 생성해 낼 수 있다. 기본 아이디어는 연결정보가 없는 점 데이타만을 이용하여 이에 근사한 파라메트릭 도메인을 생성한 후 도메인 상의 각 정점의 법선 벡터 방향으로 세부 표면 정보를 샘플링 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우리는 분할곡면 근사기법을 적용한 파라매트릭 도메인 생성기법을 적용하여 입력 점 데이타에 최대한 근사하는 기본메쉬를 생성하며, 연결정보가 없는 점 데이타로부터 세부 표면정보를 올바르게 샘플링 하기 위한 법선벡터와 교차하는 유효한 삼각형 판정기준을 제시한다. 또한 기존 메쉬 복원 기법에서 사용되던 전역 에너지 최적화 방법 대신 입력 데이타를 고려한 지역적 라플라시안 평활화를 이용하여 고품질의 메쉬를 빠르게 복원할 수 있다. 이렇게 복원된 차이분할메쉬는 적은 데이터로 자세한 표현이 가능해져 메쉬 간략화나 압축 등의 후처리 과정이 필요 없으며. 분할연결성을 이용한 다단계 애니메이션등의 다양한 응용분야에 활용 가능하다.6으로 남녀학생 모두 총 열량에 대한 지질의 섭취비율이 높았다. 인, 비타민 B$_1$, B$_{6}$, E를 제외한 칼슘, 철, 아연, 비타민 A, B$_2$, C, 나이아신, 엽산 등 대부분의 미량 영양소 섭취량은 권장량에 미치지 못하였다. 혈청 COT, GPT는 남학생이 여학생보다 각 항목에서 유의하게 높았고, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤은 남녀학생 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 적혈구지수의 경우 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, MCHC가 남학생이 여학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 모두 수축기 혈압과 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05), 체지방률은 영양지식과 유의한 부의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 비만도와 영양소 섭취량과의 관계에서 체중, 체질량지수, 비만지수는 콜레스테롤 섭취량과(p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05) 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 비만도와 혈액성상과의 관계에서 체중은HDL-콜레스테롤과 유의한 부의 상관관계를(p<0.05), 적혈구수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿과는 유의한 정의 상관관계를(각 p<0.05) 보였다. 체질량지수와 비만지수는 각각 HDL-콜레스테롤과는 부의 (각 P<0.05), 적혈구수와는 정의(각 p<0.05) 상관관계를 보였다. 허리엉덩이둘레비는 혈청 GPT, glucose, MCV와 각각 유의한 정의 상관관계를 보였다(각 p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 남녀 비만 중학생 모두 총 열량 섭취량 중 지질로

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives: To find out the effects GGTl, an antiobestic drug widely used in clinics, has on the blood-antiobestic index and the toxicity index using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. We looked closely into both of the two indices because GGTl antiobestic effect can happen not only by pharmacological action, but also by its toxicity. Also, we verified the difference in effect between GGTl and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: After performing the experiments for 8 weeks on the hGHTg obese male rats divided into three groups: the control group, the GGTl group, and the reductil (RD) group, we anesthetized the rats with Diethyl ether and took a 3ml blood sample from the heart. Then, after coagulating the blood in room temperature by using the plasma separator, we centrifuged it for 25 minutes in 3,000rpm using the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. We kept the separated plasma in a deep freezer at $-80^{\circ}C$, and repeatedly measured the antiobestic index and the toxicity index twice using the hematology biochemistry analyzer. Also, in order to judge the indirect toxicity index, we separated liver from kidney and observed them. Results: When we looked at the results of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the antiobestic index (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and GLU), there was no significant difference among the groups in all measuring elements. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance on the two roups (RD group and GGTl group) showed that the p-values had no significant difference under the level of significance 0.05. When we looked at the result of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the toxicity index (GOT, GPT, GGT, CREA, UA, ALB, and TP), we could see that the p-values in GPT, ALB, and TP have a significant difference among the groups. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance about the measuring elements related to the toxicity index on both groups, RD group and GGTl group, showed no significant difference in the p-values of all of the measuring elements in the two groups, RD and GGTl group. Conclusions: In conclusion, through this experiment, the safety of GGTl has been approved, and although the verification on its medical effect has not been clearly approved, when we consider the fact that it belongs to the same group as reductil, an antiobestic drug approved by the FDA of the United States, we could indirectly verify that GGTl has an antiobestic effect. We believe that when doing a sample design for a future experiment, it needs to be performed on a greater sample size based on the power analysis that needs to be performed primarily in experiments, and a more accurate verification is needed through more systematic experiment plans.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.501-508
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• 1994

활어의 무수 수송 장치 개발을 위한 기초 연구로, 넙치를 시료로 하여서 저온 한계 온도를 찾고, 저온${\cdot}$무수 상태 및 회복시에 stress에 의한 혈액 성분 및 근육 성분의 변화에 대하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 저장온도가 높을 수록 해수중의 용존 산소량의 감소, 그리고 ammonia 생성 속도가 빨랐다. 2. $5^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 넙치의 생존 기간이 가장 길었으며, $0^{\circ}C$ 및 $3^{\circ}C$에서는 저온 shock 때문에 그리고 $5^{\circ}C,\;7^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C$에서는 해수중에 축적된 ammonia의 독성 때문에 치사한 것으로 생각된다. 3. 저온$(5^{\circ}C){\cdot}$무수 저장중에 혈액 성분(hemoglobin, glucose, LDH, GOT, GPT)은 증가하여 18시간후에 최고값을 나타내었으며, 그 후 $15^{\circ}C$ 저밀도($10\%$)의 회복 조건에서는 약 $3{\sim}10$시간후에 이들 모든 성분들이 본래의 값으로 회복되었으며, 치사하는 것은 없었다. 4. 저온${\cdot}$무수 저장중의 ATP 관련 물질의 변화는 ATP의 감소와 더불어서 ADP 및 IMP가 증가하였으며, 저장 18시간 후에 활력 지표값이 $45\%$까지 감소하였다. 또, $15^{\circ}C$의 수조로 옮긴 $3{\sim}6$시간후에 본래의 값으로 회복되었다. 5. 근육중의 유산량의 변화도 저온${\cdot}$무수 저장기간중에 증가하였으며, $15^{\circ}C$ 회복 조건에서 6시간 후에 본래의 값으로 저하하였다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, 저온 수송을 위한 넙치의 한계 온도는 $5^{\circ}C$이며, $5^{\circ}C$에서 무수 상태로 18시간까지 치사하지 않으므로, 본 실험의 결과를 기초로 하여서 무수 수송 장치를 만들면 충분히 실용화가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

인삼의 지용성 성분을 2개월 및 6개월 동안 암환자에게 복용시킨 결과, 인삼의 지용성 성분은 CD4/CD8 비율과 자연살해세포의 수를 정상적으로 유지시킴으로써 암환자의 면역기능 유지에 효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 인삼의 지용성 성분을 2개월간 투여한 실험군의 87.5%에서, 6개월간 투여한 실험군의50%에서 암환자의 종양수치가 낮아지거나 정상범위에서 안정하게 유지되는 긍정적인 효과가 나타났다. 인삼의 지용성 성분을 6개월간 투여한 실험군에서 간 기능을 나타내는 GOT,GPT 및 ALP 수치와 신장 기능을 나타내는 BUN과 creatinine수치도 역시 정상 범위로 유지되어 인삼의 지용성 성분의 장기 복용이 간과 신장 기능에 긍정적인 효과를 가짐을 확인하였다. 따라서 인삼의 지용성 성분이 암환자들의 면역성 강화,간·신장 기능을 유지 및 개선시켜 건강에 도움을 주는 것으로 평가됨으로써 인삼의 지용성 성분을 암환자의 식이 및 항암보조제로서 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 이러한결과는 비록 통계학적인 유의성은 없지만 본격적인 임상실험의 수행을 위한 기초 자료로서 충분한 가치를 가지므로, 이를바탕으로 대단위 개체를 대상으로 하는 본격적인 추가 임상실험 연구를 수행하여 인삼의 지용성 성분이 암환자의 항암및 면역기능 강화에 효과가 있음을 임상적으로 증명할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of Herbal acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen (Haeng-in) in mice and rats. Method: Balble mice were injected intraperitoneany with Haeng-In extract for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with Haeng-In extract for subacute toxicity test. TheAnneniacae amarum semen Herbal-Acupuncture was injected on Chung-wan (CV12) of mice with Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line. Results: 1. $LD_{50}$ was uncountable as none of the subjects expired from the treatment groups during the test. 2. The clinical signs and the body weight of mice treated with 0.1cc and 0.2cc Haeng-In extract were not affected during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, total protein and albumin were decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. Glucose was increased, and total cholesterol was decreased in treatment groups. GPT was increased in treatment group Ⅰ. 4. In subacute toxicity test, toxic symptoms were not detected in the treatment groups. 5. In subacute toxicity test, the body weight was increased in treatment groups on 14th and 21st day. 6. In subacute toxicity test. liver weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ, and spleen weight was increased in treatment group Ⅱ. Lung weight was increased in an the treatment groups.(p<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test, severe tissue injury was found in lung and liver, especially treatment group Ⅰshowed more significant lung damage compared to treatment group l. 8. In subacute toxicity test, WBC. MCH and MCHC were increased in an the treatment groups, RBC, HGB and HCT were decreased in treatment group H(p<0.05). 9. In subacute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of rats, triglyceride was decreased in all the treatment groups. ALP was decreased in treatment group Ⅰ. and creatinine was decreased in treatment group Ⅱ. BUN/CR was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). 10. Median survival time of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell treated with Haeng-In was increased in all the treatment groups by twenty percent, compared to the control group(p<0.05). 11. Natural killer cell activity about the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased at the ratio of 100:1 but was increased at the ratio of 10:1. In treatment group Ⅱ, increase was found at the ratio of 100:1 and 50:1 (p<0.05). 12. Interleukin-2 productivity of the Sarcoma-180 cell was decreased in treatment group I, but was increased in treatment group Ⅱ(p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude Herbal-acupuncture with Anneniacae amarum semen caused toxicity, and had effects in Sarcoma-180 cancer cell.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.650-666
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to investigate whether wood vinegar produced from Morus alba (MA) significantly affects the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats, and in vitro airway mucin secretion and PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : For the in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to SO2 over 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MA over 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assessed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. For the in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of MA to assess the effect of MA on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of MA and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml), EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (0.2 nm) for 24 hrs, to assess both effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Possible cytotoxicities of MA in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of MA were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering MA orally. Results : 1. MA decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of rats exposed to sulfur dioxide inhalationally. 2. MA decreased in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. 3. MA significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. 4. MA did not show either in vitro or in vivo hepatic or renal toxicities. Conclusion : The results from this study suggests that MA can regulate the secretion, production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and does not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effects of MA should be further studied using animal experimental models that simulate the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases via future research.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1985

In medical selection of Daehan Education Insurance, We doubted that 140 cases(male 117 cases, female 23 cases) might have the fatty infiltration of the liver by ultrasonography. We examined the weight and the hypertension of 140 patients by biochemically analyzing the blood extracted under fasting according to the age-distribution. The results are as follows: 1. 90% out of them had body weight than normal subject. 34.29% out of them were hypertension patients and most of them were $30{\sim}39's$ and $40{\sim}49's$. 2. As compared with the normal subjects in serum lipid value, HDL cholesterol value was low, but total cholesterol, Triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value were significantly high. Especially the statistical value of Triglyceride was very significantly high. 3. Total abnormal rate of sGOT value in Liver function test is 34.43% and the mean value of it is 66 unit and the abnormal rate of sGPT value is all 3.14% and the value of it is 70 unit. 4. The abnormal rate of Alkaline phosphatase value is 9.29% and the abnormal rate of total Bilirubine value is 14.29%. As HBsAg positive rate is 2.14% and HBs Ab positive rate is 31.43%, the positive rate of HBsAg represents Lower positive rate than Korean mean value. 5. The abnormal rate of the fasting blood glucose is 15.00% and the abnormal rate of Blood sugar pc 2hrs is 30.71%. 6. The abnormal case of protein, Albumin, Globulin, BUN, craetinine and Hemoglobin value was not found to any of them and in the above liver function test except serum lipid value, the rate not showing the abnormal value represents 45.3%(male) and 52.17%(female).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare the effects of feeding high protein and low energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 25%, ME 3.6 Mcal/kg DM) with low protein and high energy milk replacer (HPR; CP 21%, ME 4.2 Mcal/kg DM) on feed consumption, body weight (BW) gain, health and selected blood metabolites in Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period. At each feeding, each milk replacer (MR) was prepared by mixing 0.125 kg of dry MR in 1L of warm ($60^{\circ}C$) water. The calves were fed either HPR (n = 10) or HER (n = 10) using mobile plastic bottles fitted with soft rubber nipples. All calves received 1.8L diluted MR at each feeding 3 times daily during the first 4 weeks of age; feeding frequency was reduced to 2 times daily for the next 2 weeks of age and then to once daily during the last week of the experiment. Jugular blood was sampled in calves at day 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 of age to enumerate selected metabolites. Daily MR, starter and hay intake during the pre-weaning period were similar in calves fed HPR and HER. Consumption of starter, MGH and total DM steadily increased with the age of calves. Final BW, daily BW gain and feed efficiency of calves were not affected by treatments. Serum glucose, cholesterol, creatinine were decreased (p<0.05) and blood urea N was increased (p<0.05) in calves fed HER or HPR as they grew older. Serum glucose, total protein and albumin concentrations in calves were not affected by treatments. Serum GPT and GOT concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in calves on HPR than on HER. Scouring score, days scoured, respiratory score, rectal temperature and general appearance were similar in calves fed HPR and HER. Poor general appearance (dullness and droopy ears) of calves fed either HPR or HER reflected nutritional insufficiency and stress. In conclusion, energy and protein concentrations in MR did not affect feed intake and BW gain in Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period. Poor general appearance and lower BW gain of calves compared to those reported in the literature for milk fed calves prompt a demand for further research to improve the daily nutrient supply to MR-fed calves.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, effects of haepyoijintang (HIJ) on the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats and ATP-, PMA-, EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells were investigated. Methods : Hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered HIJ during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was evaluated using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of HIJ was evaluated by examining the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN and creatinine concentrations of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering HIJ orally. At the same time, the effect of HIJ on ATP-, PMA-, EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of HIJ and treated with ATP ($200{\mu}M$), PMA (10 ng/ml), EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs, to evaluate the effect of HIJ both on ATP-, PMA-, EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on gene expression by the same inducers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results : (1) HIJ decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (2) HIJ did not show renal and hepatic toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. (3) HIJ significantly inhibited ATP-, PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions from NCI-H292 cells. (4) HIJ significantly inhibited ATP-, PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression from NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions : The result from the present study suggests that HIJ might control the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in various respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effect of HIJ with their diverse components should be further investigated using animal experimental models that can reflect the pathophysiology of airway diseases through future studies.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Objectives In this study, effects of Macmundongtang (MMT) on ATP or TNF-${\alpha}$ or PMA or EGF induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats were investigated. Materials and Methods Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30min in the presence of MMT and treated with ATP ($200{\mu}M$) or PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24hrs, to assess the effect of MMT both on ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on gene expression by the same inducers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At the same time, hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to SO2 during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MMT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assesed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of MMT was assessed by investigating the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN concentration of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering MMT orally. Results (1) MMT did not only inhibit but also increased MUC5AC mucin productions and expression levels of MUC5AC gene from NCI-H292 cells. (2) MMT did not decrease the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (3) MMT did not show renal and hepatic toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that MMT might normalize the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in various respiratory diseases accompanied by yin-deficiency, without in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration.