• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2016

산업화를 위한 지구자 및 12가지 식물성 원료 추출물의 생리학적 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 만성 에탄올을 투여한 마우스 혈청 내에서의 생리학적 지표 및 간과 뇌 조직 내에서의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호효과를 확인하였다. 에탄올을 투여한 마우스의 혈당은 정상 대조군 그룹(NG)과 에탄올 투여 그룹(EG)에서 각각 119.43mg/dL, 305.25mg/dL로 나타났고, 에탄올과 혼합 추출물을 동시에 투여한 그룹(100, 200mg/kg body weight + 25% ethanol 5g/kg body weight, ME100, ME200)에서 각각 272.76mg/dL, 234.60mg/dL로 감소하였다. 혈중 에탄올 함량은 EG에서 4.08mg/dL를 나타내었고 ME100, 200에서 각각 3.85mg/dL, 3.08mg/dL로 감소하였으며, 혈중 아세트알데하이드 함량은 18.72mg/dL에서 각각 15.76mg/dL, 15.16mg/dL로 감소하였다. 또한 ME100, ME200은 혈청 내의 생리학적 지표에서 간 독성 지표인 glutamine pyruvic transaminase(GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)와 신장 독성 지표인 blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatine(CRE), 혈중 total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG)의 함량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 뇌 조직에서 에탄올에 의해 acetylcholinesterase(AChE)가 EG(116.10%)에서 NG(100.00%)와 비교하였을 때 증가된 활성을 나타냈으나, ME에서 각각 109.00%와 108.47%로 유의적으로 감소하였다. ME에서 EG에 비해 간과 뇌 조직에서 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 함량이 증가하였고, oxidized glutathione(GSH)/total GSH 비율과 malondialdehyde(MDA)의 함량이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 지구자를 포함한 혼합 추출물은 간, 뇌 조직 및 혈액 등에서 만성 에탄올 섭취에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스를 효과적으로 보호할 수 있는 제품으로의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2002

횐쥐 사료에 10%와 20% 수준의 들깨기름, 옥수수기름, 소기름을 각각 배합하여 1개월간 사육한 결과를 비교하니 체중 증가율은 식이 유지 종류에 의한 영향보다도 식이내 유지 함량에 의해 영향을 더 크게 받아 20% 유지군들의 사료 섭취량이 10% 유지군보다 떨어졌음에도 불구하고 20% 유지군들이 10%유지군들보다 체중이 더 증가하였다. 혈중 중성지방량과 총 cholesterol량은 식이내 지방 함량 의존성으로 증가하여 20%유지군들이 10% 유지 군보다 증가하였고 그중에서 소기름군이 가장 높았다. GPT와 BUN값은 식이내 유지 함량 증가에 따라 측정값들이 증가하는 경향이고 20%들깨군의 측정값들은 모두 정상값의 범위를 초과하고 실험군들 중에서 가장 높았다. 혈중 $CO_2$농도는 실험군들 중에서 20% 들깨 기름군이 가장 높았고 정상값을 초과하였다. 나머지 실험군들은 $CO_2$농도 상호간 거의 차이가 없었다. 따라서 흰쥐를 들깨기름의 함량이 높은(20%)사료로 1개월간 사육하였을때 간장 및 기타 장기들의 기능에 약간의 역작용을 주는 것으로 보였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2000

활성산소에 기인하는 다양한 성인병을 예방 치료할 수 있는 안전하고 우수한 항산화 물질을 천연물로 부터 개발하기 연구의 일환으로 오배자의 주성분에 대한 항산화효과 및 간보호효과를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Ferric-Thiocyanate 법에 의하여 과산화반응 억제에 따른 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 모두 tocopherol보다 강한 과산화반응 억제 활성을 보였으며 gallic acid methyl ester, protocatechuic acid와 syringic acid는 tocopherol 보다는 강한 활성을 보였으며 BHA와는 유사 또는 그 이상의 활성을 보였다. 특히 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D- glucose$는 tocopherol과 BHA보다 매우 강한 과산 화반응억제 활성을 보였다. 2. TBA 법에 의한 과산화지질의 생성의 지표인 MDA 억제효과에 의한 항산화효과를 측정한 결과 gallic acid 는 $1.6{\times}10^{-4}$의 농도에서 BHA 보다 높은 억제율을, protocatechuic acid는 $1.6{\times}10^{-6}$의 농도에서 BHA 보다 높은 억제율을 보였다. gallic acid methyl ester와 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$는 농도가 증가함에 따라 우수한 MDA의 억제활성을 나타내었다. 3. Glycyrrhizin을 비교군으로 하여 간 보호 실험을 한 결과 1, 2, 3, 4, $6-penta-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$의 0.5mg/ml첨가군에서는 GOT의 강한 감소 효과를 보였으며 GPT 실험에서는 각 시료 0.5mg/ml 첨가군에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded pellet (EP) diets, as compared to a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, grown in commercial-scale aquaculture for 1 year. Four diets with duplication per diet were formulated for this experiment: two experimental EP diets (EP1 and EP2), one commercial EP diet (CEP), and a raw fish MP diet (MP). The MP diet consisted of 80% frozen horse mackerel and 20% commercial binder meal. Fish weighing $30.1{\pm}0.1 g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 2,600 fish. Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed EP2 and MP were higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed CEP, while those of fish fed EP1 did not differ (P>0.05) from those fed EP2 and MP. However, fish fed the MP diet had a higher survival rate than fish fed the other diets. Fish fed EP2 had higher serum, phospholipids and total protein levels, and lower levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total cholesterol than fish fed MP (P<0.05). Dorsal muscle and liver proteins and lipid of fish fed EP1 were higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed CEP, while those of fish fed EP1 and MP did not differ from those of fish fed EP2 (P>0.05). These results strongly suggest that EP1 could be developed to replace MP for grow-out stage production of olive flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯), Soeumin bojungikgitang(少陰人 補中益氣湯) and its component groups on diabetes in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $200{\pm}10\;gm$ were randomly assigned to one normal, one control and five experimental groups. The experimental groups was classified into to Bojungikgitang(B1 group), Soeumin bojungikgitang(B2 group), Bogihyulyak(B0 group), Siho-sengma(B1+ group) and Gwakhyang- soyeup(B2+ group). Diabetes was experimentally induced by abdomenal injection of 100 mg/kg of body weight of alloxan. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day and 11th day of diabetic states. The results were obtained as follows: In carbohydrate metabolism, the level of glucose in control group was three-fold higher after alloxan injection than that of normal group. In B1, B2 groups the level of glucose was decreased by 39% and 43% compared with that of control group, and in component groups it was decreased by 73%, 81%, and 80% respectively. In fat metabolism, the level of triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were lower in B1 and B2 groups with high significant difference and had similar tendency in components groups compared with that of control group. The level of HDL cholesterol on serum were increased in B1 and B2 group with significant difference. And in component group it had similar tendency compared with that of control group. In protein metabolism, the level of total protein and albumin were higher in B1 and B2 group with significant difference, and in component group also increased but with no significancy compared with control group. In kidney function, the level of creatinine group with significant difference, and other compared with control group. In liver function, the level of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP. ALP and bilirubin were lower in B1 and B2 group with significant difference, and in component had similar tendency compared with control group. But in the level of LDH, it was decreased with no significancy. These results indicate that Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯), Soeumin bojungikgitang(少陰人 補中益氣湯) has strong effect on diabetes and it is useful to prevent diabetes, and in component groups the difference between B1+ and B2+ group was not significant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 1985

[here are so many reports that pulsatile blood flow provides physiologic organ perfusions during cardiopulmonary bypass. So, we compared the recent 30 cases undergoing cardiac surgery by Cobe-Stckert pulsatile roller pump with another 30 cases by Polystan nonpulsatile roller pump. Pulsatile flow was applied during aortic-cross clamping period when synchronized to internal EKG simulator, and perfusion mode was changed to continuous nonpulsatile flow after declamping of aorta. Age, sex, weight, and disease entities were comparable and operative techniques were similar between two groups. 1. There were no differences in average ACC time, ECC time, and Operation time. 2. Postoperative artificial respiration time was 6hrs 30mins in nonpulsatile group and 4hrs 48mins in pulsatile group, and detubation time after ventilator weaning was 2hrs 44mins in nonpulsatile group and 1hrs 43mins in pulsatile group. 3. Average pulse pressure was 8mmHg in nonpulsatile group and 55mmHg in pulsatile group, and a mean arterial pressure was 66.0mmHg in nonpulsatile group and 60.7mmHg in pulsatile group. 4. Mean urine-output during ACC;ECC period was 9.717.3;9.913.2ml/kg/hr in nonpulsatile group and 14.215.0;15.817.5 in pulsatile group [p<0, 05], and thereafter progressive decrease of differences in urine output between two groups until POD 2, and lesser amounts of diuretics was needed in pulsatile group during same postoperative period. Serum BUN/Cr level showed no specific difference and urine concentration power was well preserved in both groups. 5. Plasma proteins and other Enzymes showed no differences between two groups, but serum GOT/GPT level was higher in nonpulsatile group till POD 2. 6. Serum Electrolytes showed no differences between two groups. 7. WBC, RBC, Platelet counts, Hgb and Hct were not different and Coagulogram was well preserved in both groups. 8. Plasma free Hgb level was 7.09mg% in pulsatile group compared with 3.48mg% in pulsatile group on POD 1 but was normalized on POD 2. Gross hemoglobinuria after ECC was noted in 6 cases [20%] of pulsatile group and 4 cases [13%] of nonpulsatile group. 9. In both groups, most patients were included in NYHA class III to IV [28 cases;93% in nonpulsatile group, 22 cases;73% in pulsatile group] preoperatively, and well improved to class I to 11[22 cases; 73% in nonpulsatile group, 30 cases; 100% in pulsatile group] postoperatively. There were 7 operative mortalities in nonpulsatile group only, which were 5 cases of TOF with hepatic failure, 1 case of multiple VSDs with low out-put syndrome, and 1 case of mitral valvular heart disease with cardiomyopathy. We concluded that the new, commercially available Cobe-Stckert pulsatile roller pump device was safe, simple, and reliable.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) is a globally-cultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and $2.9^{\circ}Brix$ (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from $3.247{\pm}0.056$ to $3.850{\pm}0.055g/100g$, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2004

3주 동안 매일 200 mL의 녹용추출물 보충이 제2형 당뇨환자의 혈당수치, 혈장 지질 수준 및 항산화 영양상태 등에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 당뇨환자군(10명)에게 중재연구를 수행하였다 3주 동안의 녹용추출물 섭취 후의 지질 수준을 섭취 전과 비교해 보면 당뇨환자군에게서 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-콜레스테롤 수준은 녹용추출물 섭취 전후에 변화가 나타나지 않았으나 혈장 중성지방의 평균수준은 녹용섭 취 후에 다소 낮아지는 경 향을 보였다. 혈장 내 LDL의 산화정도에 영향을 미치는 혈장 평균 CD수준은 녹용 추출물 섭취 전 53.78kl.75 UmoyL에서 섭취 후 51.03$\pm$1.30 $\mu$mol/L로 약 5% 정도의 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 녹용추출물 섭취 후 대상자에게서 혈장 항산화 비타민농도, 총항산화능인 TRAP 수준 및 항산화 효소 활성도의 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 녹용추출물 섭취 전과 후에 환자군의 혈장 GOT와 GPT 수준은 변화가 없었다. 본 연구결과 녹용 섭취 후 당뇨환자의 혈장 CD값이 감소하였으므로 이런 결과가 당뇨환자의 항산화 상태의 개선과 관련이 있을 것으로 기대하였으나 항산화 상태의 향상이 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 당뇨환자에게서 녹용추출물 섭취 후에 나타났던 CD 감소효과는 항산화와는 다른 기전이 관련되어 있는 것으로 보여진다. 최근 우리나라에도 당뇨병 환자가 증가하는 것과 더불어 건강기능식품에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있으므로 앞으로 당뇨환자의 LDL 산화 정도를 개선하는 영양중재 연구 및 건강기능식품에 관한 연구가 보다 폭 넓고 다양하게 이루어져야 하리라고 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect and the effect on cell growth and apoptosis in YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO on thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue and the immortalized human hepatic cell line LX2. Materials and Methods : LX2 cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300 ug/ml) of YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the treatment, cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Caspase inhibitor assay, and cell viability were determined by a colorimetric assay with PMS/MTS solution. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal thioacetamide injection 150 mg/kg 3 times a week for 5 weeks. After the treatment, body weight, liver & spleen weights, liver function test, the complete blood cell count and the change of portal pressure were studied. After YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment, percentages of collagen in thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue were measured. Results : The viability of the LX2 cell decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure of LX2 cells to YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO induced caspase-3 activation, but co-treatment of YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVE-FMK, blocked apoptosis. There was no difference in rat body weight between the thioacetamide only group and the YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO groups. In the YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO groups, the serum level of GPT significantly went down compared with the thioacetamide only group. In the YJCGT, Y+YSO, Y+YSCO groups, white blood cell elevated by thioacetamide injection decreased but RBC, Hgb, and Hct increased. In the Y+YSO group, the portal pressure elevated by thioacetamide injection significantly decreased. In the histological finding, thioacetamide injections caused severe fibrosis, but YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment significantly reduced the amounts of hepatic collagens. Conclusions : YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO inhibit the growth of LX2 cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase activity. YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO have beneficial effects on the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as patients with chronic hepatitis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2013

본 연구는 흰쥐에서 저분자량(1~3 kDa) 키토올리고당(chitooligosaccharide, COS)이 장내 미생물에 미치는 항균활성과 지질 개선에 관한 용량-반응 효과를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 4주령 된 Sprague-Dawley 수컷 32마리를 1주일 동안 사육 환경에 적응시킨 후 군당 8마리씩 4군으로 나누어서 고지방식이에 키토올리고당을 0%(대조식이), 0.5%, 2%, 5% 수준으로 첨가한 식이를 5주 동안 자유롭게 급여하였다. 실험식이 5주째에 장 통과시간을 측정하였고, 신선한 분변을 취하여 장내 균수를 측정하였으며, 희생 후 혈장 지질, 간 지질, GPT 활성, 분변 지질을 측정하였다. 체중 증가량과 식이섭취량은 COS 5% 첨가군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 분변 중 bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, total anaerobes, total aerobes 수는 대조군, COS 0.5% 첨가군과 COS 2% 첨가군 사이에 차이가 없었으나, COS 5% 첨가군에서는 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈장 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-C 및 LDL-C 농도는 군간 차이가 없었으나, 중성지방 농도는 COS 2% 첨가군과 COS 5% 첨가군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 키토올리고당의 용량이 높아질수록 낮았다. 간 조직의 중성지방 농도는 COS 5% 첨가군에서 낮았으며, 반면에 분변의 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 농도는 COS 5% 첨가군에서 높았으나 담즙산은 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 저분자량(1~3 kDa) 키토올리고당을 5% 첨가한 식이는 흰쥐의 식이섭취량, 체중증가량, 혈장 중성지방을 낮추어 지질 개선효과를 보였고, 분변의 혐기성균 중에 bacteroides의 균수를 크게 감소시켰으며 bifidobacteria와 lactobacilli 균수도 억제함으로써 장 미생물생태 변화를 초래하였다.