• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.35-48
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• 2002

Objective : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of treatment for thoracolumbar compression fracture by using Bee Venom Acupuncture that is well known for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Methods : We investigated 39 cases of patient with thoracolumbar compression fracture. The patients with thoracolumbar compression fracture were treated at the department of acupuncture & moxibustion of Kyung-Won University Oriental Hospital from 1st January 2001 to 30th August 2002. We selected for two groups. One group was treated by Bee Venom Acupuncture therapy(Bee Venom Acupuncture Group : BAG), the other group was treated by Filiform Acupuncture therapy(None Bee Venom Acupuncture Group : NBAG). Results : 1. The distribution showed female predominance in sex and 70's predominance in age. The largest group was "accidental fall" and the next was "lifting heavy objects" in causes, and within 2 weeks in the duration of disease 2. In the duration of admission, the largest group was within 4 weeks. In regard to level of injury, T12 was found to be most predominant, followed in turn by L1, L2, L5. In regard to grade of clinical symptoms, Grade III was most predominant, followed by Grade II, Grade IV. 3. In the results of treatment, 87.5% were above "Good" in BAG and 47.8% in NBAG. 4. In the result of treatment due to the grade of clinical symptoms, BAG was more excellent than NBAG on the whols grade. 5. In the result of treatment due to duration of admission, the duration of admission was not in proportion to the results of treatment. 6. In the change of lumber flexion, the improvement above $80^{\circ}$ was 50% in BAG and 21.7% in NBAG 7. In the stability of treatment, the BAG and NBAG did't show any detrimental change in GOT, GPT, r-GTP, BUN, creatinine. Conclusions : In the treatment of thoracolumbar compression fracture, the Bee Venom Acupuncture can be regarded as more effective treatment than Filiform Acupuncture in the clinical practice. This is expected to be available for clinical use.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.149-157
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• 2004

1. All the male students and female students who had taken these herb medicines showed a strong increase in immunity (P<0.01) and they were more effective to the male students (P<0.01) rather than the female students (P<0.05) (figure 1). Generally, immunity may be reduced at the time of fatigue and overwork but as these herb medicines have the effect of increasing immunity. Therefore, it is considered that they not only reduce the fatigue of human body but also heighten immunity against disease. 2. The students who had taken these herb medicines showed some reduction in Cortisol concentration in blood, which didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning compared to before taking the medicines (figure 2). Accordingly, it is regarded that these herb medicine drink restrained stress slightly. 3. The students who had taken these herb medicines showed some reduction in BUN concentration in blood, which didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning compared to before taking the medicines (figure 3). For the women, they restrained the toxicity of the kidneys just a little. Accordingly, it shows that these medicines are safe herb medicines without the toxicity of the kidneys. 4. The students who had taken these herb medicines didn't show the difference of concentration up to statistical meaning in sFOT and sGPT concentration in blood compared to taking them (figure $4{\sim}5$). Accordingly, it is suggested that these medicines are safe stuffs without the toxity of the liver. 5. Seven members of the university students answered to the questionaire that they were pleasant while taking the medicines and didn't feel fatigue. They answered very positively that they had better effects than before taking the medicines in many things (Refer to the Questionaire). However, one male student and two female students of them complained of temporary headache and indigestion for 2 days after taking these herb medicines but they said they had been taking cold medicines due to cold symptom before taking the medicines. Accordingly, it turns out that such temporary symptom is not irrelevant to these medicines. In conclusion, it is considered that these herb medicines have the effects of increasing immunity, restraining fatigue and stress through this clinical study carried out in simple way and that they are valuable as herb medicines without the toxity of the liver and kidneys.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 1995

Blenderized diets are not recommended because of difficulties in providing a constant content of nutrients, phoblems with viscosity and osmolarity, time needed for preparation, and increased risk of contamination. To determine the possibility of substituting commercial formulas for blenderized diets, 27 unconscious patients were randomized into two different groups : blenderized diet group(n=11) and commercial formula group(n=16). Blenderized diets were composed of food sources such as rice, milk, egg, juices and others, and its energy percentage of protein, fat, and carbohydrate was 15%, 30%, and 55%, respetively. Commercial enteral formulas provided 1 kcal/ml and the energy percentage of protein, fat and carbohydrate was 25%, 20% and 55% in greenbia(G) and 20%, 20%, and 60% in Greenbia-DM(GD), repectively. In commercial formula group, five patients with diarrhea, constipation, and high blood glucose level received GD, and the other eleven patients received G. All patients received their lipuid diet for 4 weeks through 16 French rubber nasogastric tube by bolus feeding 6 times daily. The patients in commercial formula group had a similar mean daily calorie intake to the patient in blenderized diet group, 32-34kcal/kg/d and 30-35kcal/kg/d, respectively. Patients given commercial formula gained an averge of 1.7kg in weight but those given blenderized diet lost an average of 2.6kg. There was a trend toward an increase in percent ideal body weight in commercial formula group(94$\pm$5 vs 99$\pm$6%). However, blenderized diet group showed a trend toward a decrease in percent ideal body weight(106$\pm$5 vs $101\pm$6%). The initial levels of total lymphocyte counts, serum albumin and tranferrin were below the normal rante, The mean daily protein intake was significanlty higher for commercial formula group(2.0-2.1g/kg/d) than for blenderized diet group(1.1-1.3g/kg/d). Patient fed cormmercial formula for 4 weeks showed a trend toward an increase in serum albumin(8.1%) and a significant increase in serum transferrin(32.1%) without increasing the levels of blood glucose. GOT, GPT, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. In the blenderized diet group, however, no significant improvement were obseved in the concentration of serum albumin and transferin, compared to initial value. There was a trend toward a decrese in the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit in blenderized deit group but no significnat change in commercial formulas goups. All patients tolerated both diets well and no significant complications were encountered. The results indicate that the commercial enteral formulas tested in this study can be an effective substitution for blenderized diet in unconscious tube-fed patients.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of bamboo salt (BS) on body gain, feed intake, meat composition, and blood characteristics of broiler chicks. BS was processed by roasting salt at $1,200{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$ in a bamboo container, with the open end plugged with red clay. In total, 120 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments. Each treatment was triplicated, with 10 chicks in each treatment group. The supplementation levels of the three BS-treated feeds were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%. Body weight gain slightly increased in broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with BS compared to that of the control during the overall test period. However, no significant differences were observed among treatments. Feed intake was also not significantly different among treatments. Feed efficiency was significantly (p<0.05) improved in broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with BS compared to that of the control. Body weight gain was more positively affected by the dietary BS supplement at the beginning of the experimental period than toward the end. Water intake was positively correlated with the dietary 0.3% BS level (p<0.05). Breast meat composition and cholesterol levels were also not affected by BS supplementation. The total protein, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total cholesterol levels in the blood were not significantly different among treatments.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

The study was carried out to examine the anti-obesity effects of 40% ethanol extract from green tea seed (GS) and quantitative determination of caffeine as its major compound. The specificity was satisfied with retention time and UV spectrum by analysis of caffeine using HPLC and comparison with standard compound. It showed a high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation (R²) of 0.9974. The amount of caffeine in GS was about 4.649 mg/g (0.465%) in the three times analysis, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.452% by the validated method. The anti-obesity effects of GS were evaluated by using Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and body weight, visceral fat and lipid profiles in high fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. Our results indicated that treatment with GS dose-dependently decreased lipid accumulation contents (p<0.001). Moreover, after oral administration for 30 days feeding with HFD-induced obses mice, GS (100 and 300 mg/kg/day) produced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and visceral fat. Thus, the result of this study indicate that the GS may be a useful resource for the management of obesity.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1996

Purpose : Adenoviruses(Ad) have been shown to play an important role in the etiology of severely acute respiratory diseases, particulary in infants and young children, and the occurrence of fatal outcome and chronic pulmonary sequelae in association with adenoviral infection has been a cause of great interest and concern. This report presents the resul of a retrospective analysis on 30 cases of lower respiratory infection from which adenovirus was isolated. Patients & Methods : The 30 patients in this study represent all detected cases of adenovial infection out of 240 children who were admitted to Sang Sung Medical Center between February to June 1996 showing signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis of adenovirus infection was based on microscopic visualization of typical cytopathic effect in HEp-2 tissue culture and used monoclonal Ab with nasopharyngeal aspiration. Results : The male/female ratio was 2:1 and the majority of age range was below 36months. Clinical diagnoses in all 30 patients were pneumonia(n=21), bronchitis and Bronchiolitis(n=5) and ARDS(n=4). We recieved the most of patients in the month of May. The chief complaints were fever(93.3%) and cough(80%) and extrapulmonary symptoms were diarrhea(n=5), seizure(n=4), abdominal pain(n=1). The mean duration of fever was $11.95{\pm}6.54$days. Physical examination on admission were crackles(73.3%), coarse breathing sounds(60%), hepatosplenomegaly(33.3%), decreased brething sounds(30%). In WBC counts, 8cases were below $4000/mm^3$ and 14 cases were above $10,000/mm^3$. In platelets counts, 4cases were below $150,000/mm^3$ and 10 cases were above $450,000/mm^3$. 21 cases were above 1 in CRP. GOT and GPT were abnormal in some cases. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltration(n=15), pleural effusion(n=6), consolidation(n=4) and hyperaeration(n=3). Seven patients were treated at the peditric intensive care unit with respiratory support and high dose of gammaglobulin. However, one patients died even through he was treated with NO ventilation and high frequency ventilation. Conclusion : Those with adenoviral pneumonia and respiratory infection having long fever duration and symptoms like bacterial pneumonia must be carefully differentiated in order to provide proper treatement and preventive measures due to possible fatal outcome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.410-417
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• 2013

Caloric restriction is recognized as one of the best treatment options for obesity, and is associated with changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age in caloric restriction in overweight and obese women. In this caloric restriction study, nutrient intake of 61 women was evaluated using food records written by subjects for three days. Body composition and metabolic risk factors were assessed before and after caloric restriction. Blood levels of lipids, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Visceral fat and subcutaneous fat were evaluated using bioimpedance analysis. General linear models (GLM) identified the independent effects of age after co-varying baseline weight and difference of energy intake. Weight, fat mass, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and blood pressure showed a significant decrease by caloric restriction of 452 kcal/day. The percent changes in weight, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were -4.5%, -12.0%, and -8.2%, respectively, after caloric restriction. The percent changes of weight, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat showed an independent association with age co-varying baseline weight and difference of energy intake. Decreased change in percent of leptin by caloric restriction also showed an association with age. Changes in body composition and leptin by caloric restriction showed an independent association with age. This may indicate greater difficulty in achievement of change of body composition as well as greater obesity-related metabolic risk with aging. Therefore, caloric restriction considering age should be recommended for effective dietary treatment in overweight or obese women.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 2019

Cheonggukjang and chaga mushrooms have numerous health benefits, and have been used in alternative medicine. Therefore, a powder mixture of 98: Cheonggukjang and 2: Chaga extracts was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3925 (FCC) and its anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were determined. Five-week-old male ICR mice were fed a normal diet or HFD in the presence or absence of 3% and 5% FCC by weight (n = 10 per group). After 12 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the serum and tissue samples were collected for analysis. Body weight and epididymal fat pad weight were significantly lowered in the 3% and 5% FCC groups compared with those in the HFD control group (p < 0.01). FCC supplementation suppressed serum triglyceride and increased serum HDL-C levels (p < 0.01). Serum GOT, GPT, and leptin levels, hepatic COX-2 mRNA expression, and splenic COX-2 and IL-4 mRNA expression were significantly higher in the HFD groups than in the control group (p > 0.05); however, except for splenic IL-4 levels, the increases were significantly attenuated by FCC supplementation. Expression of ICAM-1, an aortic inflammatory marker, was significantly increased in the HFD group; this effect was suppressed in the 3% FCC group (p < 0.01) but not in the 5% FCC group. FCC suppressed the body weight and epididymal fat pad weight gain, as well as inflammatory responses in the liver and spleen of HFD-fed mice. Thus, FCC supplementation will be beneficial for the treatment of obesity-related effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1715-1719
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• 2011

The effects of dietary fiber isolated from Synurus deltoides on constipation induced by loperamide (4 mg/kg/day) were investigated. Food intake and body weight both decreased in the 5% S. deltoides dietary fiber and loperamide-treated group (SD5) and 10% S. deltoides dietary fiber and loperamide-treated group (SD10), whereas fecal water contents increased by 2.4 and 3.4-fold in the SD5 and SD10 groups, respectively. The concentrations of total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in the sera of the SD5 and SD10 groups were lower than those in the control (C) group. However, the biochemical parameters, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), and glucose levels, were not affected by the level of S. deltoides. In addition, the concentrations of total-cholesterol and triglyceride in the livers of the SD5 and SD10 groups were also significantly lower than those in the control group. These results suggest that dietary fiber isolated from S. deltoides might ameliorate constipation symptoms, and lower lipid concentrations in the blood and liver.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of artificial balenotherapy on the with degenerative osteoarthritis were selected as the subject do this study among the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis having pains in their knees by the criteria of America Rheumatoid Association. And the randomly selected ten patients out of the twenty were classified as an artificial balenotherapy group and the other the Patients were in a control group. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis patients in the artificial balenotherapy group Participated in artificial balenotherapy Program four weeks from March 1st, 2003 to March 31st, 2003 in Daegu 00 hospital. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis in the control group did not receive Artificial Balenotherapy. The conclusions were as follows: 1. After 4 weeks of therapy, the score of WBC(p < 0.01), RBC(p < 0.01), HTC(p < 0.01) in the artificial blalenotherapy group were significantly decreased, compared with their scores in pre-intervention. 2.In the balenotherapy group, significantly increase $Na^{+}$ ion(P < 0.05), decrease K ion(p < 0.01), unchanged Cl ion scores were found, compared with their scores in pro-intervention. 3. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of liver were following that artificial balenotherapy group, increased total bilirubin(P < 0.01), unchanged total Protein, Albumin, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, ALP were found, compared with their score in pre-intervention. 4. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of kidney were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, reduced BUN(P < 0.05), and increased creatine were found. 5. The result of the substudy about effects of artificial balenotherapy on the knee pain visual analog score, knee's functional score, ADL score were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, decreased VAS score(P < 0.05), increased ADL score(p < 0.01), unchanged knee's functional score were founf, compared with their scores of the pre-intervention. In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that artificial balenotherapy improved ADL score and reduced knee pain visual analog score of the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. The result proposed that appropriate use of artificial balenotherapy improves the degenerative osteoarthritis