• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.185-189
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• 2006

Time series analysis is a frequently effective method of constructing model and prediction in data processing of deformation monitoring. The monitoring data sample must to be as more as possible and time intervals are equal roughly so as to construct time series model accurately and achieve reliable prediction. But in the project practice of GPS deformation monitoring, the monitoring data sample can't be obtained too much and time intervals are not equal because of being restricted by all kinds of factors, and it contains many variates in the deformation model moreover. It is very important to study the data processing method for small samples and multi-variates time series in GPS deformation monitoring. A new method of establishing small samples and multi-variates deformation model and prediction model are put forward so as to resolve contradiction of small samples and multi-variates encountered in constructing deformation model and improve formerly data processing method of deformation monitoring. Based on the system theory, a deformation body is regarded as a whole organism; a time-dependence linear system model and a time-dependence bilinear system model are established. The dynamic parameters estimation is derived by means of prediction fit and least information distribution criteria. The final example demonstrates the validity and practice of this method.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

There are still some key problems having to be solved in theory and technique applications when GPS is used to monitor the vertical deformation of ground with high precision. Utilizing the GPS technology to monitor the deformation of the land subsidence and ground fissure in Xi'an, this paper puts forward advice that the datum frame of GPS network has significant influence on the precision and accuracy of the vertical deformation results by some research. The co-authors make some theoretical study of the datum error and practice by establishing the datum error models, especially the influence of scale and azimuth datum errors on GPS monitoring network. Then the datum frame design methods and arithmetic of GPS monitoring network are presented and have taken a good effect.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1998

본 논문은 구조물의 변형과 거동의 모니터링에 GPS 측위기술의 적용가능성을 제시한다. 첫번째 부분은 GPS관측의 반복재현성(repeatability)에 대한 정량적 연구로서 기준망내 기준점들간의 기선벡터를 반복적으로 측정함에 있어서 동일한 결과가 얻어질 수 있는가를 구명하고자 하였으며, 두번째 부분은 한 점당 몇 분이내의 관측시간이 소요되는 kinematic GPS측량의 변형 모니터링 수행성을 평가하고자 하였다. 흙댐을 대상으로 계절 및 수위정도에 따라 총 4차에 걸쳐 모니터링 시험망에 대한 관측을 수행하였다. 기준망은 static 방식으로 관측하였고, 모니터링 점들에 대해서는 kinematic방식은 물론 static 및 rapid-static방식으로 각각 관측을 행하여 종래의 측량기법으로 얻어진 결과와 비교하였다. 기준점들간의 기선벡터 관측에서 평균 7 mm 이내의 3차원 기선벡터의 반복재현성을 성취할 수 있었으며, 기준망들의 폐합오차는 4∼27 ppm를 나타내었다. kinematic 접근법은 종래의 측량기법에 비하여 기준점들과 모니터링 점들간의 경사거리에서 34 m의 차를 나타내었고, 높이에서는 4∼8 mm의 차를 나타내었다. kinematic GPS 측량기법은 5 m정도의 측정능력을 지닌 종래의 측량기법에 의한 변형 모니터링의 효율적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.331-348
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• 2013

Effective monitoring, reliable data analysis, and rational data interpretations are challenges for engineers who are specialized in bridge health monitoring. This paper demonstrates how to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometer data to accurately extract static and quasi-static displacements of the bridge induced by ambient effects. To eliminate the disadvantages of the two separate units, based on the characteristics of the bias terms derived from the GPS and accelerometer respectively, a wavelet based multi-step filtering method by combining the merits of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with the discrete stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is proposed so as to address the GPS deformation monitoring application more efficiently. The field measurements are carried out on an existing suspension bridge under the normal operation without any traffic interference. Experimental results showed that the frequencies and absolute displacements of the bridge can be accurate extracted by the proposed method. The integration of GPS and accelerometer can be used as a reliable tool to characterize the dynamic behavior of large structures such as suspension bridges undergoing environmental loads.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2006

The paper proposes a condition that should be satisfied when using the combination with different carrier phase observations to get the high precision deformation value. If the condition is satisfied, on the basis of DC algorithm, when the deformation is relatively large (0.7m)，high precision deformation value can be obtained.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2000

본 연구는 구조물 안전진단 기초자료인 변위를 GPS를 이용하여 측정하는데 목적이 있으며, 실험대상인 금강 남측 도류제상에 설치한 2점의 변위관측점을 약 1년간 4개월 주기로 4？의 GPS 장비로 측정하여 그 3차원적 정적변위를 측정하였다. 또한, 보다 신뢰성 있는 해안구조물의 변위측정기법을 모색하기 위하여 기준점과 좌표계의 선정에 따른 변위관측정확도와 GPS관측변위의 신뢰성을 점검하는 방안에 대하여 검토하였다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

Such social structures as bridges, buildings, dams and towers have been transformed by their own load or fundamental ground. They have been behaved by other external causes. These regular or irregular behaviors threaten to do their users safety. Therefore, to monitor the load of the structures or reaction shown by them could help to verify their behaviors. RTK GPS allows the use of a static base station and remote rover unit to allow for data collection within several seconds and in real time. It is useful for monitoring the behaviors of massive structures like bridges. In this Study, Among GPS methods, we used RTK GPS to analyze the precision of monitoring and then on the basis of it, we developed a monitoring system using RTK GPS when measured the behavior of main tower of a suspension bridge by using RTK GPS. Comparing a deviation between observation values, X axis was 1mm, Y axis was 1mm and Z axis 2.2mm. It turned out that it was possible to monitor and measure structures by RTK GPS.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2390-2395
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• 2012

지진의 영향으로 인한 지각변동 모니터링은 지구물리 및 측지학 분야에서 중요한 연구대상이다. 본 연구에서는 지난 3월 11일 오후 2시 46분 경 발생한 일본 지진에 따른 지각변동 영향을 분석하기 위해 일본지역의 9개 IGS 상시관측소를 대상으로 지진 발생 전 후의 자료를 정밀절대측위로 처리하고, 상시관측소의 위치 해석을 통해 지진으로 인한 일본지역의 지각변동을 분석하였다. 지각변동 모니터링 결과, 일본지역의 지진 변위량과 지진 전 후 지각 변동의 변화를 정량적으로 제시할 수 있었다. 지진 전 후 일본지역의 지각변동이 기존과 다른 양상을 나타내고 있음을 볼 때, GPS 관측자료 해석을 통한 지속적인 지각변동 모니터링이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 50년된 흙댐을 대상으로 정적 GPS관측방법을 이용하여 변형 모니터링을 실시하였다. 실험대상은 모르타르로 응급 복구된 지역으로, 기준망 관측은 2차에 걸쳐 기준점들간의 기선벡터를 관측하였고, 모니터링 점들에 대해서는 4회 걸쳐 관측되었다. 측정된 관측값의 분석은 Data snooping법에 의해 과대오차를 제거하고, 우연오차를 최소제곱법으로 조정하여 좌표를 산출하였고, 분산-공분산행렬로 변위를 계산하였다. 또한 조정된 좌표는 95% 신뢰타원으로 정밀도를 표시하였으며, 계산된 변위의 크기와 방향은 그림으로 나타내었다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.357-372
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• 2016

Augustine volcano, located along the Aleutian Arc, is one of the most active volcanoes in Alaska and nearby islands, with seven eruptions occurring between 1812 and 2006. This study monitored the surface displacement before and after the most recent 2006 eruption. For analysis, we conducted a time-series analysis on data observed at the permanent GPS(Global Positioning System) observation stations in Augustine Island between 2005 and 2011. According to the surface displacement analysis results based on GPS data, the movement of the surface inflation at the average speed of 2.3 cm/year three months prior to the eruption has been clearly observed, with the post-eruption surface deflation at the speed of 1.6 cm/year. To compare surface displacements measurement by GPS observation, ENVISAT(Environmental satellite) radar satellite data were collected between 2003 and 2010 and processed the SBAS(Small Baseline Subset) method, one of the time-series analysis techniques using multiple InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data sets. This result represents 0.97 correlation value between GPS and InSAR time-series surface displacements. This research has been completed precise surface deformation using GPS and time-series InSAR methods for a detection of precursor symptom on Augustine volcano.