• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.60.1-60.8
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• 2023

Background: Accurate diagnosis of diseases in animals is crucial for their treatment, and imaging evaluations such as radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important tools for this purpose. However, a cross-sectional anatomical atlas of normal skeletal and internal organs of long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) has not yet been prepared for diagnosing their diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to create an anatomical atlas of gorals using CT and MRI, which are imaging techniques that have not been extensively studied in this type of wild animal in Korea. Methods: The researchers used CT and MRI to create an anatomical atlas of gorals, and selected 37 cross-sections from the head, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrum parts of gorals to produce an average cross-sectional anatomy atlas. Results: This study successfully created an anatomical atlas of gorals using CT and MRI. Conclusions: The atlas provides valuable information for the diagnosis of diseases in gorals, which can improve their treatment and welfare. The study highlights the importance of developing cross-sectional anatomical atlases of gorals to diagnose and treat their diseases effectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2020

Calcium is an element that performs many important functions in the human body. A study was conducted on the use of a pulsed electric field (PEF) to enrich cells of Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 442 in calcium ions. The highest concentration of calcium ions in bacterial cells (7.30 mg/g d.m.) was obtained at ion concentration of 200 ㎍/ml of medium and with the use of the following PEF parameters: field strength 3.0 kV/cm, exposure time 10 min, pulse width 75 ms and 20 h of culturing after which bacteria were treated with the field. Cell biomass varied in the range from 0.09 g/g d.m. to 0.252 g/g d.m., and the total number of bacteria ranged from 10¹⁰ CFU/ml to 10¹² CFU/ml. Microscope photographs prove that calcium ions were situated within the cells of the bacteria, and electroporation contributed to an increase in the effectiveness of the ion bioaccumulation process. Samples containing calcium and subjected to electroporation displayed intensive fluorescence. The significance of this research was the possibility of using probiotic bacteria enriched with calcium ions for the production of functional food in subsequent studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2007

DMZ (De-Militalized Zone) in South Korea is world heritage area by passage control of human-being for more than 50 years since 1953. Wild flora and fauna in these area have been protected from any development and/or habitat destruction. However, consideration on ecosystem and nature in the area is becoming higher, and demand for development is raising also. We have reviewed any publications, which are surveyed about ecosystem and interview local residents about wildlife inherit there. Totally 51 species have been reported inhabited DMZ belonging to 17 Families, 6 Orders, so far. National monuments in DMZ are following; Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), Musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), KOREAN goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus), flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) and spotted seal (Phoca vitalima). These results would be an essential data to establish management strategy and manuals for conserving native ecosystem, native flora and fauna in DMZ, and also using for registering world heritage area under UNESCO.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1977

Parasites of wild animals are closely related with parasites of domestic animals. Wild animals take charge of an important role at parasitic infestation of domestic animals because of unrestrained movement. The authors carried out the work of actual condition of parasitic infestation on wild animals, total 1,014 cases, in the Korean Zoo. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Total rate of parasitic infestation was 36.1% with infestation of 366 among 1,014 cases. The rate of single infestation was 32.6% with infestation of 331 cases, double infestation 3.1% with 31 cases, triple infestation 0.2% with 2 cases and quadrople infestation 0.2% with 2 cases. 2. The parasites on the zoo animals were identified as follows: Lion: Sarcoptiform, Toxocara sp., Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma sp. and Isospora spp. Puma: Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma sp. and Isospora sp. Leopard: Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris sp., Dibothriocephalus sp. and Physaloptera sp. Wolf: Sarcoptiform and Dibothriocephalus spp. Fox: Trichuris sp., Capillaria aerophila, Spirocerca sp., Paragonimas kellicotti. Jackal: Sarcoptiform, Ascaris sp. and Echinococcus granulosus. Wild Cat: Dibothriocephalus sp. Tiger: Toxascaris leonina. Bear: Sarcoptiform, Metastrongylus apri, Ancylostoma sp. and Ascaris sp. Raccoon and Raccoon dog: Sarcoptiform, Paragonimus kelliotti, and Isospora sp. Boar: Oesophagostomum spp. and Eimeria spp. Mortkey: Sarcoptiform, Trichuris sp., Physaloptera spp.. Enterobius sp. and Isospora sp. Elephant: Sarcoptiform, Strongyloides sp. and Strongylus spp. Deer: Sarcoptiform, Strongyloides sp., Trichuris ovis, Mccistocirrus digitatus, Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Paramphistornum spp., Bunostomum phlebotomum, Fasciola hepatica and Eimeria spp. Bison: Sarcoptiform, Haernonchus sp., Marshallagia sp., Nematodirus sp. and Eimeria sp. Zebra: Strongylus sp. and Parascaris equorum. Goral and Barbary: Sarcoptiform, Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum venulosum, Moniezia sp. and Eimeria spp. Lama: Strongyloides sp. and Haemonchus sp. Kangaroo: Strongyloides sp. and Haemonchus sp. Camel: Strongyloides sp., Trichuris ovis and Eimeria sp. Peacock and the Other Birds: Sarcoptiform, Capillaria contorta, Capillaria caudinflata, Ascaridia spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis sp., Eimeria spp., Histomonas, Ornithionyssus bacoti, Macrochelidae and Trichomonas. 3. Among the zoo animals, wild carnivora were infestated with the parasites which are common parasites of dogs and cats, wild herbivora were infestated with the parasites of herbivora domestic animals. and wild fowls were infestated with the parasites of domestic fowls.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

Rye was used here to dissect molecular mechanisms of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and to go deeper with our understanding of that process in cereals. F. culmorum-damaged kernels of two lines different in their potential of resistance to FHB were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify resistance markers. The proteome profiling was accompanied by measurements of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-amylase$ activities and mycotoxin content. The proteomic studies indicated a total of 18 spots with clear differences in protein abundance between the more resistant and more susceptible rye lines after infection. Eight proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism of which six proteins showed a significantly higher abundance in the resistant line. The other proteins recognized here were involved in stress response and redox homeostasis. Three remaining proteins were associated with protease inhibition/resistance and lignin biosynthesis, revealing higher accumulation levels in the susceptible rye line. After inoculation, the activities of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-amylases$, higher in the susceptible line, were probably responsible for a higher level of starch decomposition after infection and a higher susceptibility to FHB. The presented results could be a good reference for further research to improve crop resistance to FHB.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2022

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) not only cause crop damage and human casualties, but also facilitate the spread of many infectious diseases in domestic animals and humans. To determine the efficiency of a fencing system in blocking the movement of wild boars, long-term monitoring was performed in a fenced area in Bukhansan National Park using camera traps. Upon monitoring for a period of 46 months, there was a 72.6% reduction in the number of wild boar appearances in the fence-enclosed area, compared to that in the unenclosed area. For 20 months after the fence installation, the blocking effect of the fence was effective enough to reduce the appearance of wild boars by 92.6% in the fence-enclosed area, compared to that in the unenclosed area. The blocking effect of the fence remained effective for 20 months after its installation, after which its effectiveness decreased. Maintaining a fence for a long time is likely to lead to habitat fragmentation. It can also block the movement of other wild animals, including the endangered species - the long-tailed goral. This study suggests a 20-month retention period for the fences installed to inhibit the movement of wild boars in wide forests such as Gangwon-do in South Korea. To identify how long the blocking effect of the fences lasts, further studies are needed focusing on the length and height of the fence, and the conditions of the ground surface.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This study was to understand the ecological characteristics of the goral through the study on goral behavioral characteristics and to be carried out to provide basic behavioral data such as annual home range, seasonal home range and monthly used altitude with 4,752 locations obtained during the study period through home range analysis of three long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) in Soeraksan. For this study, gorals who were rescued from heavy snow in Seoraksan were used. The gorals were equipped with GPS Collar, released at their natural habitats, and then monitored from May, 2010 to September, 2011. According to our results, annual home ranges of the gorals (n=3) have $0.88km^2$ of MCP 95%, $0.27km^2$ of MCP 50%, $0.43km^2$ of FK 95%, and $0.09km^2$ of FK 50% respectively. Seasonal home range of MCP 95% was $0.47km^2$ in spring, $0.45km^2$ in summer, $0.63km^2$ in fall and $0.50km^2$ in winter respectively and home ranges of fall was the largest. In the case of FK 95% analysis, home ranges were $0.23km^2$ in spring, $0.19km^2$ in summer, $0.33km^2$ in fall, and $0.22km^2$ in winter respectively and the largest seasonal home range was fall. Female and male annual home ranges of the gorals were $1.03km^2$ for female and $0.58km^2$ for male. In analysis of the monthly used altitudes which were used Jun, July, and August were higher than in the other months and the altitudes which were used in Dec, Jan, and Feb were lower than in the other months. This study was to secure basic data for the habitat management policy, restoration, and conservation of Korea gorals and to be conducted to contribute to the success in doing or planning stage of the wild animal restoration.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.612-620
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• 2019

A woolen tapestry curtain, owned by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art, is composed of tabby by cotton-warp and wool-weft threads and its patterned part is shown as a tapestry; paint with pigment has been added to it. The chromaticity of this curtain was measured and the substances in the deep red color were confirmed as Hg by an analysis of the ingredients through X-ray fluorescence. This is presumed to be cinnabar or vermilion. Analyses were performed on a total of seven fabric samples, including the warp & weft of the fabric, its trimming, and its back fabric. As a result, the warp of the woolen tapestry curtain was determined to be a cotton fiber with a middle hole or lumen in the cross-section. Furthermore, an infrared peak likewise showed O-H and C-O binding. Wool fibers as wefts were identified with circular and oval cross-sections and IR peaks showed N-H/O-H stretching and amide(-CONH-). The animal hair samples used in the wool fiber are believed to have come from long-tailed goral or goats and the possibility of using easy-to-spin sapsal dog hair is also not to be overlooked. This was determined through a contrast analysis by the Cultural Heritage Administration to identify the animal species used in the tapestry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.472-477
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• 2003

멸종위기종의 서식지를 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 해당 종의 서식 가능한 지역의 분포를 알아야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 GIS와 퍼지집합을 이용하여 산양(Nemorhaedus caudatus)의 서식지적합성모형을 개발하여 멸종 위기종의 서식지를 관리하기 위한 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 산양의 서식지적합성모형 개발을 위한 본 연구의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 산양 서식지 이용에 관한 기존 연구를 바탕으로 산양의 잠재적 서식지 환경변수를 분류하였으며, 분석 대상지의 산양 흔적 조사를 통해 서식지 환경변수의 재분류 및 x²검정(Chi-square test)을 통한 변수들의 유용성을 파악하고, 쌍체비교를 통한 환경변수별 가중치를 계산하였다. 둘째, 기존 부울논리(boolean logic)의 단점을 보완하기 위해 현장 조사의 결과를 바탕으로 퍼지논리(fuzzy logic)에 의한 산양 서식지의 각 환경변수별 주제도를 작성하고, 주제도들의 상관관계를 분석하여 상호 관련성이 높은 변수들의 중복을 피하였다. 셋째, 환경변수별 주제도와 변수별 가중치를 바탕으로 다기준평가기법(MCE, Multi-Criteria Evaluation)을 이용하여 분석대상지의 산양 서식지적합성모형을 개발하였다. 마지막으로, 개발된 서식지적합성모형의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 분석대상지 외부 지역을 대상으로 검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 분석대상지의 분류정확도는 서식가능성 0.5를 기준으로 93.94%의 매우 높은 분류정확도를 나타내었으며, 검증대상지에서는 95.74%의 분류정확도를 나타내어 본 모형의 분류정확도는 일관성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 전체 공원구역에서 서식가능성 0.5이상의 면적은 59%를 차지하였다.퇴적이 우세한 것으로 관측되었다.보체계의 구축사업의 시각이 행정정보화, 생활정보화, 산업정보화 등 다양한 분야와 결합하여 보다 큰 시너지 효과와 사용자 중심의 서비스 개선을 창출할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것을 기대해 본다.. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, ${\beta}$-glucan은 고용량일 때 직접적으로 또는 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 존재시에는 저용량에서도 복강 큰 포식세로를 활성화시킬 뿐 아니라, 탐식효율도 높임으로써 면역기능을 증진 시키는 것으로 나타났고, 그 효과는 crude ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.eveloped. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be simplified considering a steady state of the process. O

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2007

For effective analyses in various business applications, OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) systems represent the multidimensional data as the horizontal format of tables whose columns are corresponding to values of dimension attributes. Because the traditional RDBMSs have the limitation on the maximum number of attributes in table columns(MS SQLServer and Oracle permit each table to have up to 1,024 columns), horizontal tables cannot be directly stored into relational database systems. In this paper, we propose various efficient optimization strategies in transforming horizontal queries to equivalent vertical queries. To achieve this goral, we first store a horizontal table using an equivalent vertical table, and then develop various query transformation rules for horizontal table queries using the PIVOT operator. In particular, we propose various alternative query transformation rules for the basic relational operators, selection, projection, and join. Here, we note that the transformed queries can be executed in several ways, and their execution times will differ from each other. Thus, we propose various optimization strategies that transform the horizontal queries to the equivalent vertical queries when using the PIVOT operator. Finally, we evaluate these methods through extensive experiments and identify the optimal transformation strategy when using the PIVOT operator.