• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

This study was analyzed to provide fundamental data of food safety education way on the recognition, knowledge and purchase attitude of GMO foods. Data was collected from 270 University students in the Gyeong-gi region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the knowledge and purchase attitude of GMO foods showed 0.742 and 0.832 in Cronbach alpha coefficient, 0.791 and 0.831 in KMO. There were significant differences in the recognition and intake possibility and purchase will, safety and absorption to a GMO foods between the specialty person and non-specialist (p<0.05). By the kind of GMO foods it appeared highly by the order corn (70.0%), tomato (67.5%), beans (63.3%) and potato (51.3%). There were significant differences in the general knowledge of GMO foods (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences in question 'There were no genes in ordinary beans' by a presence of a specialty (p>0.05). After the purchase attitude difference to the GMO foods was analyzed by a presence of a specialty, I appeared most highly in the question to which I say 'I think a GMO foods is ethical.' by a negative question and 'I think a GMO foods is mass-produced, and it's possible to make a food problem decrease.' by an affirmative question. Therefore, the purchase attitude of GMO foods showed a significant differences of University students according to their major (p<0.05). Based on this study, it is considered that provision of detailed and continuous education must be accomplished by raising the recognition of GMO foods and its acceptance level, allowing a proper understanding of GMO foods to be conveyed and assisting subjects from receiving the information they desire effectively by various education mediums.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2004

1950-1960 년대의 녹색혁명은 1970년 Nobel 평화상수 상자 Norman Borlaug가 주도했었다. 제1 녹색혁명은 지구상의 가장 큰 문제점중의 하나인 기아를 해결하는지 크게 일조하였다. 많은 사람들을 굶주림으로부터 해방시켰지만 굶주리는 사람보다 더 많은 사람들이 매일 태어나고 있고, 지구의 인구증가는 지금까지 계속되고 있다. 언제까지 인구증가가 계속될 것인지, 인구증가에 따른 식량자원의 증가도 비례할 것인지는 오래전부터 인류의 관심의 대상이 되어 왔고, 자연스럽게 지구의 기아를 해결하는 제2의 녹색혁명은 과학자들의 연구를 집중시키는 결과를 낳게 되었다. 1980 년대에 미국 Monsanto 회사에서 유전공학적으로 개발한 Roundup-Ready 제초제저항성 및 Bt-살충 농작물을 선보이면서 제2의 녹색혁명이 시작되었다고 볼 수 있겠다. 이렇게 제2의 녹색혁명은 유전공학에 의한 CMO 식물$\cdot$작물에 의해 시작되었다. Monsanto 회사는 살충제 RoundUp 제초제 저항성 옥수수, 콩, 목화, Canola (유채꽃, rape seed) 등을 개발하여 이미 상업화하였다. 1960년대 쌀의 녹색혁명도 유전적으로 벼집이 짧은 품종에 의해 이루어졌다. 최근에 개발된 GMO "Golden Rice"는 비타민 A와 철분의 함량을 대폭 증대 시켜 세계 영양결핍 아동들의 건강과 시각을 향상시킬 것으로 기대되는데, "Golden Rice"는 제1회 금호국제과학상 수상자인 Potrykus (스위스공대) 교수가 개발하였다. 그러나 현재까지는 그 보급에 많은 장애물이 있다. 특히 GMO의 환경과 건강에 대한 안전성을 의심하는 사람들이 많다. 제2의 녹색혁명의 또 다른 분야는 식물의약 분야이다. GMO 개발에 적용되는 기술을 이용하면 taxol 같은 항암제, carotene 같은 항산화 영양제 등의 대량 생산이 가능해진다. 식물은 화학적 합성이 아주 까다로운 약제물질 등을 천연상태에서 합성하고 있기 때문이다. 또 식물은 lipoxygenase 효소계가 있어서 마치 천연물 석유제조공장과 같은 제조공정 capacity를 가지고 있다. 그러면 식물/식품 GMO는 안전한 것인가? 아니, KBS의 한 사회자가 말했듯이, 그리고 많은 소비자들이 믿는 것처럼 GMO는 위험한가? GMO에 대한 일반 사람들의 공포감은 Green Peace 당원들뿐만 아니라 일부 과학자들에 의해서도 조장되고 있다. 이러한 분위기 속에서 GMO에 의한 제2 녹색혁명은 Africa 대륙에서의 제1 녹색혁명이 지금도 지연되는 것과 같다고도 볼 수 있다. GMO의 환경에 대한 악영향은 과대 선전되어있는 것이 아닌가? 마치 GMO가 화학비료, 농약제보다 더 위험하다고 믿는 사람들도 많다. 나는 이러한 GMO 공포증이 과학적으로 그리고 "Risk Assessment"의 견지에서 볼 때 그 근거가 희박하다고 보여주는 몇 몇 실험 및 경험 사실들을 인용하려 한다. 그리고 올바른 Risk Assessment야 말로 한국의 21세기 BT 산업을 경쟁력 있게 하고 국민 년 소득 2만불 달성에 중요한 기여를 하게 될 것이라고 생각한다. 한국은 농토가 적고 천연자원이 빈약하다. GMO는 21세기의 생존 경쟁 산업이다. 제2의 녹색혁명은 얼마든지 가능하며, 한국은 부족한 농토와 빈약한 자원에도 불구하고 능력 있는 인적자원이 풍부하여 GMO 개발 연구에 국제적 경쟁력을 키울 수 있다. 그러나 GMO에 대한 논쟁만 하고 있으면 이미 때가 늦는다. 미국은 이미 GMO-BT 시장을 거의 완전 독점했으며, 타국에서의 논쟁과 불합리적으로 엄격한 GMO 관련 규정을 조장하고 환영한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

Gene edited crops can be classified as SDN-1, SDN-2 and SDN-3 group depending on their mutation's range and the usage of donor DNA. The SDN-1 and SDN-2 crops, in particular, could be developed as 100% transgene-free, which do not contain any DNA fragment of the vector or guide RNA used for gene editing such as CRISPR Cas9 system. Therefore, there are no scientific methods available for the detection of these crops and differentiation with the one produced by conventional cross breeding techniques. Additionally, it would be impossible to properly implement the existing GMO regulation law, in particular, the national legislation for "GMO labelling". In this regard, Australia has announced that SDN-1 crops will not be subjected to the existing GMO regulation. Furthermore, Argentina and Brazil have established a new policy that GE crops with no transgene (100% transgene-free crops) should be exempted from the scope of the GMO. In addition, Japan has also announced that "an organism that has no remnants of inserted nucleic acid processed extracellularly is not subjected to the Cartagena Act". It means that SDN-2 crops can also be exempted from the scope of GMO. In this trend, in South Korea, I suggested that gene edited crops with no remnants of inserted foreign DNA fragments should be excluded from the existing GMO regulation. Thus, I expect that diverse elite crop lines should be developed by using advanced gene editing technologies

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.487-499
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• 2024

This study was conducted to find out the factors affecting the stages of behavioral change about GMO(n=202 university students). 52.0% of the respondents had no experience in GMO education, the stages of pre-contemplation and contemplation were 35.6% and 29.7%, respectively. Experience and awareness on GMO were the highest at 86.6% and 51.5%, respectively, and 55% of the respondents did not know about the implementation of the labeling system. Positive and negative perceptions on GMO score were 3.41 and 3.22, respectively. The need for the full labeling system of GM foods was 56.4%, the intention not to pay when the price rises due to the system was 70.8%. Regression analysis of factors affecting the stages of behavioral change showed health interest(t=2.10, p<0.05), educational experience(t=2.81, p<0.01), knowledge score(t=2.260, p<0.05), and negative perception(t=2.13, p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the stage of behavioral change in GMO, it is necessary to raise interest in health and knowledge and have the correct perception through GMO education

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.715-722
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• 2019

This study was done to compare the effects of the dietary supplementation of non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) beet pulp and canola meal on reproduction performance in gestation-lactation sows. A total of 16 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment. Treatments consisted of genetically modified organism (GMO) basal diet (CON) and GMO basal diet supplemented with Non-GMO beet pulp and canola meal (NO). The experiment lasted from 4 weeks prior to farrowing, to day 21 of lactation. The ambient environments in the dry sow accommodation and the farrowing house were kept at a fairly constant temperature of 19 - 21℃, and 60% relative humidity. In the current study, inclusion of non-GMO feed ingredients diets showed comparable effects on the reproductive performance of the sows as that of the basal diet. There was no difference in reproduction performance in sows fed the non-GMO diets compared with CON diets when the feed ingredients were replaced with the feed by-product sugar-beet pulp (SBP) and canola meal (CM). In addition, there was also no significant difference in the growth performance of the piglets fed Non-GMO diets compared with the CON diet (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate a comparable effect of non-GMO sugar-beet pulp, and canola meal diet with basal diet on reproduction performance in gestation-lactation sows.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2009

The main object of this study was to prepare of w/o emulsion including glyceryl monooleate(GMO) and to evaluate its stability by using the recently developed $Turbiscan^{(R)}LAB$. GMO is the polar oily surfactant with the low HLB value, and it forms the gel phase of cubic structures after dissolves in aqueous media. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.4 was prepared as the water phase and Marcol 52(mineral oil) was used as the oil phase in this study. GMO was used as the surfactant of W/O emulsion. W/O emulsion using GMO alone as a surfactant was very unstable. But the emulsion using both GMO and poloxamer 407 was more stable. The stability of W/O emulsions was evaluated after centrifuging the emulsions. But it was difficult with naked eye because an opaque and concentrated system like W/O emulsion was very turbid. So $Turbiscan^{(R)}LAB$ was used to detect the destabilization phenomena in non-diluted emulsion. As a result, the W/O emulsion using the proper amounts of GMO and poloxamer 407 was more stable among them using GMO of various amounts. But it seems that the other element for the stability of W/O emulsion including GMO was required. Furthermore, the $Turbiscan^{(R)}LAB$ was a very efficient analyzer for evaluating the physical stability of emulsion.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

This study examined the consumers' willingness to purchase Genetically Modified Organism(GMO) and the factors to distinguish subjects with differential levels of their willingness to buy GMO. Data were collected from 506 male and female adults in Seoul, Daegu and Susan by the self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, X²tests, F tests and discriminant analysis were conducted to analyze the data by SPSS Windows. The results of this study were as follows: (1) the concerns and the information-seeking behavior about GMO were generally high, but recognition of GMO was low, (2) the willingness to purchase GMO was generally high in that 2/3 of the subjects were willing to purchase it, and (3) the concerns about GMO, the information-seeking behavior, age and sex were the factors to distinguish acceptors from non-acceptors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.783-788
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• 2004

Marker proteins of genetically-modified organisms (GMO) and their antibodies were prepared and characterized as major components of an analytical system. We selected two GMO markers, neomycin phosphotransferase II and 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, and produced them from E. coli employing genetic recombination technology. After purification, their structural conformation and binding affinities to the respective antibodies were characterized. The results showed that the recombinant proteins were identical with commercially obtained reference proteins. We further used them as immunogens to raise polyclonal antibodies capable of discriminating GMO containing protein from non-GMO. Well-characterized marker proteins and antibodies will be valuable as immunoreagents in constructing analytical systems such as biosensors and biochips to measure quantities of GMO.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2002

This study found out the consumers' awareness and information-seeking behaviors towards Genetically Modified Organism(GMO). Data were collected from 506 adults in Seoul, Daegu, and Busan by the self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted by SPSS Windows. The resets of this study were as follows: (1) the concerns and the need for information about GMO were high, but recognition was low, (2) the factor affecting the need for information about GMO was the concerns about GMO, and (3) sex, age, the need for information about GMO, and subscription experience of consumer journals were the factors affecting the information-seeking behaviors.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2001

This study focused on the recognition and information need for GMO(Genetically Modified Organism). The data were collected from 350 adults living in Daegu and Busan by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted by SPSS Windows. The results of the survey were as follows: (1) the concerns about GMO were high but recognition was low. (2) many respondents were worried about the safety of GMO. (3) many people desired the labelling of GMO, and (4) the need for information about GMO was high and most respondents wanted to be informed about safety of GMO. This study suggests that the consumer education about GMO should be conducted through mass media and consumer protection organizations.