• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was carried out to breed and develop high quality and functional nutrient tomato with multi disease resistance as well as a stable growing adaptation for fresh market usage under protected plastic houses cultivation. The materials were used 5 inbred lines and their 6 hybrids of large tomato group, which have been bred and developed from 1999 to 2007 in Division of Plant Resource Department of Chungnam National University. Fruit weight showed hybrid vigor effect that $F_1$ hybrids weighed more than their parent lines, fruit shape formed three type of oblate, deep oblate and globe shape, in firmness and pericarp thickness have got a high significant correlation, inbred DN611 line was measured the most firm fruit with 6.04 mm pericarp thickness. In fruit color at maturity, pink color crossed to red color appeared all red fruit color in the $F_1$ hybrids, it means red skin color is a dominant gene compared to pink skin color is a recessive gene in tomato, while between fruit skin color and shoulder part color showed no any co-relationship. The sugar content and titratable acid of $F_1$ hybrids inherited an intermediate data of their parent lines, the flavor of KP543 inbred line and the hybrid (JB535 x KP543) revealed the better taste with high brix and proper titratable acid content$^{*}$. In beta carotene content DN611 line showed 2~3 times higher than other materials so that its 3 hybrids contained an increased level of beta carotene, lycopene content was not so much difference among inbred lines and $F_1$ hybrids, of them MD508 contained higher of 8.72 mg and hybrid (JB535 x JA517) had 8.05 mg lycopene content per 100 g fruit, overall pink skin color and red skin color measured a higher lycopene content than yellow and orange skin color at ripe stage. In disease resistance test by PCR marker for Fusarium race2 (I2), Nematode (Mi1), ToMV ($Tm2^2$), Cladosporium (Cf9), (JB535 x JA517) hybrid have got multi-resistance with homozygote band in Nematode, ToMV, Cladosporium and heterozygote band in Fusarium race2. Through this breeding program we could select high quality and functional nutrient with multi resistant $F_1$ hybrids and inbred lines in tomato which are two best hybrids (JB535 x MD508), (JB535 x JA517), additionally developed high beta carotene inbred line DN611 and increased the level of lycopene inbred line MD508. These results will be very useful to make a high quality tomato variety continuously.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

The western equatorial Pacific Ocean, where sea surface temperature is the warmest on the globe, is characterized by numerous convective systems and large annual precipitation. In this region, the cloudiness data with tops higher than 8km level obtained from the GMS-IR data are used to investigate the diurnal variation of cloudiness. The amplitude and phase of diurnal and semi-diurnal cycles are mainly investigated to examine details on the temporal and spatial structure of clouds. Cloudiness variation has typical cycles and each cycle is associated with the air-sea interactive phenomena. Spectral analysis on the cloudiness time series data indicates that 30-60 day, 17-20day, 7-8 day, diurnal and semi diurnal cycle are peaked. During Northern Winter and Southern Summer, the large cloudiness exsists over New Guinea, the adjacent seas of North Australia, and the open oceanic regions east of $160^{\circ}$E. Cloudiness diurnal variability over the lands and their adjacent seas is about 2.0 times larger than that over the open sea regions. That may be due to the difference of specific heat between the land and sea. The maximum and minimum cloudiness appeared at 18:00 and 09:00 hours over the land, and at noon and 21:00 hours over the sea, respectively. The amplitude of diurnal component over the land is 4,7 times larger than that of semi-diurnal component, and 1.5 times over the sea.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.383-407
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• 2016

Considering the long time that modern man has been autonomous, it can be said that the brutal human violence prevalent around the globe today is an 'exceptional situation'. Behavior such as killing animals or devastating the natural environment are thought to be unavoidable. However, if human beings have been 'social animals' pursuing connectedness and seeking meaning in the relationships of others beyond themselves since the beginning of time, how can the incredibly powerful violence which humankind has inflicted on plants, other animals, or the earth itself be explained? With this in mind, I propose the following arguments. First, the crisis of consciousness in the loss of hope for the future of mankind under the technology of modern Western civilization has already come to a dead-end causing Western philosophers to think of ways to discover new opportunities, apparent as ecology and ecological philosophy. Second, as reality has become governed by the technology of modern Western civilization and ecological philosophical rationality fails to co-exist with this reality, an understanding of ecological philosophy should be deepened and continued. In this context, I will investigate the existential conditions for human life to continue in the future in consideration of ecological philosophy and the meaning of Forest.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2019

Sustaining future wheat production is challenged by anthropogenically forced climate warming and drying led by increased concentration of greenhouse gases all around the globe. Warming stresses, originating from the elevated $CO_2$ concentration, are continuously reported to have negative impacts on wheat growth and yield. Yet, elevated $CO_2$ concentration, despite being disparagingly blamed for promoting warming, is also associated with a phenomenon called $CO_2$ enrichment; in which wheat yield can improve due to the enhanced photosynthesis rates and less water loss through transpiration. The conflicting nature of climate warming and $CO_2$ enrichment and their interplay can have specific implications under different environments. It is established form the field and simulation studies that the two contrasting phenomena would act severely in their own respect under arid and semi-arid environments. Wheat is a dietary staple for masses in Pakistan. The country's wheat production system is under constant stress to produce more from irrigated agricultural lands, primarily lying under arid to semi-arid environments, to meet the rapidly growing domestic needs. This work comprehensively examines the warming impacts over wheat yield and water productivity (WP), with and without the inclusion of $CO_2$ enrichment, under semi-arid environment of Punjab which is the largest agricultural province of Pakistan. Future wheat yields and WPs were simulated by FAO developed AquaCrop model v 5.0. The model was run using the bias-correction climate change projections up to 2080 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios: 4.5 and 8.5. Wheat yield and WPs decreased without considering the $CO_2$ enrichment effects owing to the elevated irrigation demands and accelerated evapotranspiration rates. The results suggested that $CO_2$ enrichment could help maintain the current yield and WPs levels during the 2030s (2021-2050); however, it might not withhold the negative climate warming impacts during the 2060s (2051-2080). Furthermore, 10 - 20 day backward shift in sowing dates could also help ease the constraints imposed by climate warming over wheat yields and WPs. Although, $CO_2$ enrichment showed promises to counteract the adverse climate warming impacts but the interactions between climate warming and $CO_2$ concentrations were quite uncertain and required further examination.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.349-361
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• 2021

With the development of technology and the advancement of weather forecasting models and prediction methods, higher performance weather forecasting software has been developed, and more precise and accurate weather forecasting is possible by performing software using supercomputers. In this paper, the weather forecast model used by six major countries is investigated and its characteristics are analyzed, and the Korea Meteorological Administration currently uses it in collaboration with the UK Meteorological Administration since 2012 and explains the GloSea However, the existing GloSea was conducted only on the Meteorological Administration supercomputer, making it difficult for various researchers to perform detailed research by specialized field. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a standard experimental environment in which the low-resolution version based on GloSea6 currently used in Korea can be used in local systems and test it to present the localization of low-resolution GloSea6 that can be performed in the laboratory environment. In other words, in this paper, the local portability of low-resolution Globe6 is verified by establishing a basic architecture consisting of a user terminal-calculation server-repository server and performing execution tests of the software.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dual-frequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the nonKVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

With commercial apps popular in EU, MaaS has been emerging around the globe as a new approach to worsening urban traffic problems. In contrast, it is still mainstay in Korea simply discussing the concept and necessities of MaaS, rather than seeking for real-world solutions for the commercialization. The purpose of this research is to analyze the demand-side i1mpacts of travel time and cost changes according to MaaS adoption, and to see its commercial feasibility in Korea. The 2010 KTDB traveler's nationwide OD data is used to estimate the level of fare discount for balancing the mode shift and fare revenue changes followed by MaaS implementation. The analysis results show that MaaS leads to the increase of public transport ridership as a result of the diminishing travel cost and time, and that the time saving works more positively for ridership increase. Also, the optimum level of fare discount is estimated 2.56% without damaging the revenue. This finding reveals that MaaS impact is superior to the other single-sided public transport inventive measures since it can affect both travel cost and time reduction at the same time.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

This study introduces the overall characteristics of LOVECLIM version 1.3, the earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC), including the installation and operation processes by conducting two kinds of past climate simulation. First climate simulation is the equilibrium experiment during the mid-Holocene (6,000 BP), when orbital parameters were different compared to those at present. The overall accuracy of simulated global atmospheric fields by LOVECLIM is relatively lower than that in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and Paleoclimate modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 (PMIP3) simulations. However, surface temperature over the globe, the 800 hPa meridional wind over the mid-latitude coastal region, and the 200 hPa zonal wind from LOVECLIM show similar spatial distribution to those multi-model mean of CMIP5/PMIP3 climate models. Second one is the transient climate experiment from mid-Holocene to present. LOVECLIM well captures the major differences in surface temperature between preindustrial and mid-Holocene simulations by CMIP5/PMIP3 multi-model mean, even though it was performed with short integration time (i.e., about four days in a single CPU environment). In this way, although the earth system model of intermediate complexity has a limit due to its relatively low accuracy, it can be a very useful tool in the specific research area such as paleoclimate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2021

Satellite magnetic observations reflect the magnetic properties of deep crust about the depth of Curie isotherm that is a boundary where the magnetic nature of the rocks is disappeared, showing long wavelength anomalies that are not easily detected in near-surface data from airborne and shipborne surveys. For this reason, they are important not only in the analyses on such as plate reconstruction of tectonic boundaries and deep crustal structures, but in the studies of geothermal distribution in Antarctic and Greenland crust, related to global warming issue. It is a conventional method to compute the spherical harmonic coefficients from global coverage of satellite magnetic observations but it should be noted that inclusion of erroneous data from the equator and the poles where magnetic observations are highly disturbed might mislead the global model of the coefficients. Otherwise, the reduced anomaly model can be obtained with less corruption by choosing the area of interest with proper data processing to the area. In this study, I produced a satellite crustal magnetic anomaly map over East Asia (20° ~ 55°N, 108° ~ 150°E) centered on Korean Peninsula, from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements about mean altitude of 280 km during the last year of the mission, and compared with the one from global crustal magnetic model (MF7). Also, a comparison was made with long wavelength anomalies from EMAG2 model compiled from all near-surface data over the globe.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2017

Propolis, natural antibacterial agent, which has been used traditional medicine across the globe, is resinous mixture to include abundant bioactive substances. In present study, we investigated antimicrobial activity according to quality characteristics of propolis collected from 9 different regions in Korea. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring growth inhibition zone using agar well diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans. Constituents analysis of propolis samples were measured through total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and quantitative analysis of major compound (pinocembrin) by ultra performance liquid chromatography. As a result, 9 different propolis (10mg/mL) and pinocembrin (1mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity that has growth inhibition zone more than 11.9mm on S. mutans. The total flavonoid contents of 8 different propolis excluding Jeju island were in compliance with standard of health functional food in Korea and were found to affect antimicrobial activity on S. mutans when contained over 10mg/g. In addition, when content of pinocembrin in propolis was ranged from 12mg/g to 32mg/g, each propolis excluding Jeju island exhibited antimicrobial activity alike. These results indicate that pinocembrin plays a important role for antimicrobial activity of propolis collected from 8 different regions in Korea, and that it can be used as basic data for standardization of Korean propolis.