• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.669-679
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• 2016

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK) primarily catalyzes phosphoryl transfer to GlcNAc during amino sugar metabolism. Recently, it was shown NAGK interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and upregulates axo-dendritic growth, which is an enzyme activity-independent, non-canonical structural role. The authors examined the distributions of NAGK and NAGK-dynein complexes during the cell cycle in HEK293T cells. NAGK was expressed throughout different stages of cell division and immunocytochemistry (ICC) showed NAGK was localized at nuclear envelope, spindle microtubules (MTs), and kinetochores (KTs). A proximity ligation assay (PLA) for NAGK and DYNLRB1 revealed NAGK-dynein complex on nuclear envelopes in prophase cells and on chromosomes in metaphase cells. NAGK-DYNLRB1 PLA followed by Lis1/NudE1 immunostaining showed NAGK-dynein complexes were colocalized with Lis1 and NudE1 signals, and PLA for NAGK-Lis1 showed similar signal patterns, suggesting a functional link between NAGK and dynein-Lis1 complex. Subsequently, NAGK-dynein complexes were found in KTs and on nuclear membranes where KTs were marked with CENP-B ICC and nuclear membrane with lamin ICC. Furthermore, knockdown of NAGK by small hairpin (sh) RNA was found to delay cell division. These results indicate that the NAGK-dynein interaction with the involvements of Lis1 and NudE1 plays an important role in prophase nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) and metaphase MT-KT attachment during eukaryotic cell division.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine residues of 17 pesticides and provide basic information on dietary safety of 35 kinds of Kangweon-do agricultural products. Residual leyels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by using GLC-ECO and GLC-NPD, respectively. A total of 157 agricultural products of Kangweon-do were analyzed. At least one kind of pesticide residues were detected in 48.4% of the analyzed samples and two or more kinds were found in 15.3%. Residue of Captan was detected in 43 samples of 81 agricultural products which was 53.1%. But residues of Endrin, Captafol, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Fenthion and EPN were not found in the all samples tested. Ranges of the pesticide residue leyels detected were ND-0.142 ppm for organochlorine pesticides, ND-0.075 ppm for organophosphorus pesticides and ND-1.067 ppm for Captan. Results of this monitoring study demonstrated that pesticide residue leyels in Kangweon-do agricultural supply were generally well below regulatory limits.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.533-536
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• 1987

Lipids of Kidney bean were extracted by the mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8, v/v) and from these lipids, triglycerides were separated by thin-layer chromatography(TLC) and then reseparated into different fractions by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) depending on the polarity of the triglycerides. The triglyceride and fatty acid composition of these fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). From these results, the major triglycerides of Kidney bean lipids were estimated to be $C_{18:2}C_{18:3}C_{18:3}$ (26.6%), $C_{18:2}C_{18:2}C_{18:3}$ (18.5%), $C_{18:3}C_{18:3}C_{18:3}$ (14.9%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.528-532
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• 1987

Lipids of kidney bean were extracted by the mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8 v/v), fractionated into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids by silicic acid column chromatography, and the composition of these lipid classes were determined by TLC and GLC. The lipid content of kidney bean was 1.9%, and the lipid was consisted of 48.3% neutral lipids. 7.5% glycolipids and 44.2% phospholipids. Triglyceride was the major component of neutral lipids (64.6%). The major glycolipid and phosphlolipid were esterified steryl glycoside (38.3%) and phosphatidyl choline (32.9%). The major fatty acids of kidney bean lipid were linolenic, linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. Linolenic acid contents were very high to be 37.1% in total lipid and 50.5% in neutral lipid.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1977

Resistant and susceptible pine (Pinus thunbergii, Parl) trees to pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis, Uchida et Inouye) were selected and monoterpene composition in one year old branches, shoots and needles of both groups have been analysed by GLC. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Monoterpene composition in either one year old branches or shoots were not affected by their directions (North or South). 2. Major monoterpenes in one year old branches were ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene. 3. In addition to ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene, ${\beta}-pinene$, myrcene, ${\Delta}^3-carene$, limonene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and terpinolene, several less volatile components which appear to be monoterpenes were also present in shoots and needles. 4. Compared with the susceptible pine, the resistant tree was found richer in limonene composition. 5. ${\beta}-Pinene$ composition in the resistant pine was less than that in the susceptible pine. 6. The difference in the composition of limonene or ${\beta}-pinene$ between two groups of pine trees was discussed in relation to the resistance to pine gall midge.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.706-716
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• 2016

In this study we applied the NAG obtained by the deacetylation of chitin extracted from the shells of crabs and shrimp as cosmetic ingredient. In order to compare NAG with GLC we identified the influence of cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, melanin biosynthesis formation inhibition on skin cell, and we measured the effects of the change of melanin and red spots. The results show that there was not any attentive cytotoxicity on the Raw 264.7 cell and B16F10 cell, and NO formation anti-inflammatory hindrance effect induced from Raw 264.7 by LPS was slight, and NAG suppressed the increase of melanin generation concentration-dependently after we induced the melanin generation with ${\alpha}$-MSH on B16F10 and measured the melanin biosynthesis inhibition. From this result, we identified the applicability of the cosmetics containing NAG as functional cosmetic for enhancing skin-lightening because when cream containing NAG was applied to skin the index of melanin red spots showed statistically meaningful changes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.224-228
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the content of residual pesticides in bean sprouts which are the very important vegetables to supply protein for traditional korean dishes. Experimental subjects included 541 cases of bean sprouts and 168 cases of germinating beans collected in the Seoul area from January in 1987 to February in 1938. In residual pesticides of subjects, topsin-M, vitavax and thiram were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and captan was determined by gas chromatography. The detection rates of residual pesticides in the subjects were 19.4% in bean sprouts and 26.2% in germinating beans. The most common used pesticides in bean sprouts was topsin-M and detection rate was 16.2%. Captan and vitavax were also detected in about 3.5%, 2.8% of the experimental subjects respectively. But thiram was not detected in any samples. The mean value of topsin-M content was $21.32{\pm}4.82ppm$ and $1.68{\pm}0.14ppm$ in bean sprouts. The mean value of captan were $7.70{\pm}2.13ppm$ and $0.42{\pm}0.02ppm$ in germinating beans and bean sprouts, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Brown color intensity has been a major factor to estimate the quality of red ginseng and its products. This study deals with the relationship between the browning reaction of ginseng root and two compounds, arginyl-fructosyl-glucose(Arg-fru-glc) and arginyl-fructose (Arg-fru), in the model system of steaming and heat-drying processes for the preparation of red ginseng. During the steaming process, a marked decrease of starch and a considerable formation of maltose occurred in main roots of raw ginseng, but the formation of glucose was scarcely observed. After the heat-drying process, the brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 3 to 4 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. Also, when the heat- drying process was done with the addition of L-arginine, brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 12 to 13 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. The amount ratios of browning reaction products formed from sugar compounds and amino acids in the model system of steaming and heat-drying treatments in vitro were in order of xylose > glucose > fructose > maltose > dextrin (DE 9) > sucrose > dextrin (DE 8) and soluble starch. Each solution of Arg-fru-glc and Arg-fru that were synthesized chemically from maltose plus L-arginine and glucose plus L-arginine, respectively, changed from colorless to brown color during the heat-drying treatment. Amino acids or sugars were effective on the acceleration of each browning reaction of Arg-fru-gIc and Arg-fru during the heat-drying treatment.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1992

The juvenile hormone(JH) titers and juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activities were mea¬sured in larval homogenates of the chestnut gall waL,J, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, parasiting a susceptible and two resistant chestnut ( Cheuk-Pa, and Dan- Tak) varieties by GLC, Galleria wax test and Liquid scintilation counter. JH of the chestnut gall wasp was identified as JH- I. Their juvenile hormone titers were 35,800 GU/g(Cheuk-Pa), 30,900 GU/g (Dan-Tak), and 28,600 GU/g(susceptible variety). The juvenile hormone esterase activities were 1.48 n mole/min/ml(Cheuk-Pa), 1.63 n mole/min/ml(Dan- Tak), and 1.89 n mole/mini ml(susceptible variety). JH titer activity of the chestnut gall wasp parasiting resistant varie¬ties were higher than that from susceptible, whereas their JHE activity was higher in those from susceptible variety than those from resitant varieties. JH titer and JH specific esterase activity was inversely proportional.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1988

The objective of this study was to investigate the technical feasibility of producing toxicant-free rapeseed by germination. To this end, rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)was germinated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours, and the chemical compositions-glucosinolates and free sugers-were determinated in every 24 hours during germination. The amount of glucosinolates in rapeseed measured by UV method was very close to that measured by GLC method. The glucosinolates were considerably abundant in rapeseed before germination, and the total content was found to be 13.6 mg/g. Rapeseed showed the lowest glucosinolate content in 72 hours during germination, and it gradually increased glucosinolate content from 96 hours. Free suger content in rapeseed before germination was as follows : 3.03 mg/g of fructose, 2.97 mg/g of glucose and 5.63 mg/g of sucrose. Raffinose and stachyose were not detected, and in general free sugars were gradually decreased during germination. However, sucrose was increased in the early period of gremination and decreased in the later period.