• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 1991

Methanol assimilating bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. ILS-003 was used to investigate the optimum conditions for the production of $poly-{\beta}-hydroxybutyric$ acid from methanol. For PHB production, the optimum initial pH was 6.4 and the optimum temperature was $30^{\circ}C$. Also the optimum methanol concentration was found to be 1.0%(v/v). In the PHB production, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was the most effective nitrogen source and the optimum concentration was 0.8 g/l, which was eqivalent to 17.4 in C/N ratio. Also, deficiency of the 2 valence metal ions in the medium had stimulating effect on PHB accumulation. Under the optimum substrate concentration, successive feeding of 0.25%(v/v) methanol was the most effective on PHB production. Under the optimum conditions, 1.94 g/l of PHB and 2.78 g/l of dry biomass were produced in 96 hours, and the yield was 69.8%(w/w).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.496-499
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• 1998

For the production of theobromine from caffeine, 5 strains of bacteria capable of producing theobromine were isolated from soil. Among them, the strain CT-017 showed the best ability of producing theobromine, and was partially identified as a Pseudomonas sp. For the production of theobromine, fructose was the most effective carbon source at an optimum concentration of 5 g/l. The most effective nitrogen source was 5 g/l of beef extracts. And 0.02 g/l of $Fe^{2+}$, 1.0 g/l of threonine were effective for the production of theobromine. The optimum temperature and initial pH were $28^{\circ}C$ and 6.5, respectively. After 23 hr cultivation, 7.98 g/l of theobromine was produced from 15 g/l of caffeine which corresponds to a conversion yield of 53.2%.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.628-632
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• 2009

In order to estimate acute toxicity of various heavy metals on mysid, Neomysis japonica, the experiments were conducted by renewal bioassay method at $20\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ and $30\pm0.3$ psu salinity. The 96 hr $LC_{50}$ of Neomysis japonica exposed to cadmium, copper, zinc, arsenic, lead and chromium were $90.4\;{\mu}g/L$, $82.3\;{\mu}g/L$, $646.1\;{\mu}g/L$, $1488.5\;{\mu}g/L$, $1758.8\;{\mu}g/L$ and $1609.6\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: copper > cadmium > zinc > arsenic > chromium > lead.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.166.3-166
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2007

This study was performed to apply the more rapid and accurate sample preparation, and the high selectivity and sensitivity of the analyte detection by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was validated for 49 agrochemicals in the CORESTA Agrochemical Advisory Committee guide and amenable to GC-MS/MS determination. In QuEChERS method, the effects of sorbents (PSA, $C_{18}$ and GCB) and matrix of the analytes in tobacco types (flue-cured, burley and oriental) were investigated. MS/MS acquisition provided high specificity and selectivity for agrochemicals and low limit of quantification. QuEChERS by using PSA alone and the matrix-matched standards gave good recoveries and RSD values in three types of tobaccos. QuEChERS method was no needed to be complex clean-up procedure and would be used as the fast and easy method for agrochemical residue analysis in tobacco.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2013

Ginsenoside Rd was produced from ginsenoside Rc using a thermostable recombinant ${\alpha}-{\small{L}}$-arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of ginsenoside Rd from Rc were pH 5.5, $80^{\circ}C$, 227 U enzyme/ml, and 8.0 g/l ginsenoside Rc in the presence of 30% (v/v) n-hexane. Under these conditions, the enzyme produced 7.0 g/l ginsenoside Rd after 30 min, with a molar yield of 100% and a productivity of 14 g $l^{-1}\;h^{-1}$. The conversion yield and productivity of ginsenoside Rd are the highest reported thus far among enzymatic transformations.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

In the course of screening for anti-acidosis and anti-diabetes agent from natural products, the inhibitory activities of Nepales plant extracts against microbial $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase were evaluated. Among the 100 different kinds of ethanol extracts, Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don and Myrica nagi Thunb showed strong inhibition activities against $\alpha$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of C. deodara (Roxb.) G. Don, M. nagi Thunb and acarose, a commercial available anti-diabetes agent, were 44.5, 47.5 and $50.5\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Considering the crude extract of C. deodara (Roxb.) G. Don, and M. nagi Thunb, these extracts have strong potentials as anti-acidosis or anti-diabates agent. In a while, Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) extract showed a good inhibition activity to $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase, even it was recently reported. The selected three extracts did not show any hemolysis activity against human red blood cell up to 1 mg/mL, and the inhibition activities were maintained by heat or acid treatment. Moreover, treatment of HCl (0.01N) for 1 h into C. operculatus (Roxb.) and M. nagi Thunb increased the inhibition activity from 50% to 70%. Our results suggest that C. deodara (Roxb.) G. Don, M. nagi Thunb, and C. operculatus (Roxb.) are potential as anti-acidosis and anti-diabetes agents.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

Protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is a key regulatory event that modulates insulin signal transduction. We studied the PTPN1 gene with regard to susceptibility to Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related quantitative traits. A total of seven SNPs [g.36171G>A (rs941798), g.58166G>A (rs3787343), g.58208A>G (rs2909270), g.64840C>T (rs754118), g.69560C>G (rs6020612), g.69866G>A (rs718050), and g.69934T>G (rs3787343)] were selected based on frequency (>0.05), linkage disequilibrium (LD) status, and haplotype tagging status. We studied the seven SNPs in 483 unrelated patients with type 2 diabetes (age: $64{\pm}2.8$ years, onset age: $56{\pm}8.1$ years; 206 men, 277 women) and 1138 nondiabetic control subjects (age: $64{\pm}2.9$; 516 men, 622 women). The SNP rs941798 had protective effects against T2DM with an odds ratio of 0.726 (C.I. $0.541{\sim}0.975$) and p-value=0.034, but none of the remaining six SNPs was associated with T2DM. Also, rs941798 was associated with blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, insulin sensitivity. rs941798 also has been associated with T2DM in previous reports of Caucasian-American and Hispanic-American populations. This is the first report that shows an association between PTPN1 and T2DM in the Korean as well as Asian population.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.288-301
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• 1992

The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes purified from bovine brain and to investigate their interrelationship with G protein. The purified PLC isozymes ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$ were obtained and the characteristics of PLC activity on various concentrations of free $Ca^{2+}$ were observed. The activity of PLC was increased with increasing $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the activity PLC ${\delta}$ was increased higher in the presence of phosphatidyl choline(PC) than in the abscence of PC. For vesicle formation as the structure of cell membrane, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid as detergent on phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate($PIP_2$) substrate containing PC were used, and then the activity of PLC isozymes were increased with increasing concentration of cholate, from 0.2% to 1% and were increased slightly in deoxycholate. In the $PIP_2$ containing phospholipid and glycolipid as brain extract, the activity of PLC isozymes were checked in 0.2%-1% cholic acid. The activities of PLC isoyzmes were continuously increased up to 1% cholic acid. The quantitation of PLC isozymes from several bovine organs by radioimmunoassay was made. Brain was the most sufficient organ in terms of amount of PLC ${\beta}$and ${\delta}$. A large amount of PLC ${\delta}$ was existed in adrenal gland. The binding capacity of GTPrS and G protein was observed and other observations of the binding effect of GTPrS-G protein and PLC monoclonal Ab-Protein A from tissue homogenate with PLC were made. From the observation the binding capacity was revealed the range of 0.11%-1.49%. The effects of each type of G protein on the percent activity of purified PLC isozymes were observed. From the observation, activities of isozymes were increased in $Go{\alpha}$ & Gmix, and the activities of PLC ${\beta}$ and ${\delta}$ were increased in $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ and $Gi{\alpha}$. Activities of PLC ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$ were decreased in $Gt{\alpha}$ but PLC ${\delta}$ increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1018-1024
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties and release characteristics of red ginseng (A) and tissue cultured mountain ginseng (B) extruded tissue cultured mountain ginsengs at barrel temperatures 110 (C) and $120^{\circ}C$ (D) to produce tissue cultured mountain ginseng-like comercial red ginseng by extrusion process. Extrusion process variables, water content and screw speed were fixed at 25% and 200 rpm, respectively. In the results, reducing and total sugar content were found to be relatively higher in A. The acidic polysaccharides content of B was the lowest among the ginseng samples. Acidic polysaccharide was increased 3 times by extrusion process. A and B were three times higher at maximum than C and D in polyphenolic compound. Polyphenolic compound content was relatively low by extrusion of ginsengs. Amino acid contents of B, C and D were $35{\sim}42\;{\mu}g/mL$; in contrast, A contained $25\;{\mu}g/mL$. The crude saponin content of C and D were higher than A and B.