• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to compare greenhouse gas emissions from road transportation by calculation methods (Tier 1, Teir 2, and Tier 3). Tier 1 based on 2006 IPCC guidelines default emission factor and amount of fuel consumption. The Tier 2 approach is the same as Tier 1 except that country-specific carbon contents of the fuel sold in road transport are used. Tier 2 based on emission factor of guidelines for local government greenhouse gas inventories (Korea Environment Corporation), the fuel consumption per one vehicle, and the registered motor vehicles. The Tier 3 approach requires detailed, country-specific data to generate activity-based emission factors for vehicle subcategories (National Institute of Environmental Research) and may involve national models. Tier 3 calculates emissions by multiplying emission factors by vehicle activity levels (e.g., VKT) for each vehicle subcategory and possible road type. VKT was estimated by using GIS road map and traffic volume of the section. The GHG average emission rate by the Tier 1 was 728,857 $tonCO_2eq$/yr, while Tier 2 and Tier 3 were 864,757 $tonCO_2eq$/yr and 661,710 $tonCO_2eq$/yr, respectively. Tier 3 was underestimated by 10.1 and 20.7 percent for the GHG emission observed by Tier 1 and Tier 2, respectively. Based on this study, we conclude that Tier 2 is reasonable GHG emissions than Tier 1 or Tier 3. But, further study is still needed to accurate GHG emission from Tier 3 method by expanding the traffic survey area and developing the model of local road traffic.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2011

철도시설물 유형별 전과정 온실가스 배출량에 관한 연구결과를 분석한 결과 철도건설에 사용된 콘크리트가 주요 발생원임을 확인하였다. 친환경설계전략(ECODESIGN PILOT)을 활용하여 철도시설물의 제품유형을 분석한 결과에서도 철도시설물은 재료집약제품으로 분류되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 건설재료측면에서 철도시설물의 온실가스배출량을 저감하는 방안을 도출하고 이를 철도현장에 시범, 적용함으로써 그 저감효과를 분석하였다. 연구에서 고려한 철도시설물의 온실가스 배출저감기술은 고로슬래그를 이용하여 시멘트 사용량을 저감한 친환경 콘크리트와 콘크리트 구조물의 수명을 보장할 수 있는 콘크리트 열화방지제이다. 그리고 설계단계에서 철도노선에 대한 온실가스배출량을 사전에 평가하고 예측할 수 있는 저탄소 철도노선 평가 및 설계기술이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2016

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have given rise to climate change which is one of the most serious environmental challenges that the world faces today. In response, Republic of Korea has proposed "Low Carbon, Green Growth" as a new economic paradigm accompanying with the ultimate aim of building a sense of responsibility for the environment. Korean government has set the ambitious national GHG emission reduction target which aims 37% reduction in the business-as-usual (BAU) level of 2030. The transportation sector plays a key role in this target. In the transportation sector, the GHG reduction target of 34.3% in the BAU level by 2020 has been allocated in order to consider the industrial specificity. Furthermore, it is known that the GHG reduction in the transportation sector has relatively minimal side effects compared to those of other sectors. In order to meet this national GHG reduction target, Korean government has set $CO_2$ emission regulation of vehicle for 2020. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effects by the average GHG regulation of vehicles. $CO_2$ emissions, between 2009 and 2013 were analysed by reduction measure such as technology improvement, light-weight, segment shift, diesel vehicle sales. During this period, $CO_2$ of vehicle was reduced every year by 19.9 g/km (i.e., 3.3% reduction per year). $CO_2$ reduction of imported vehicle is greater than domestic vehicle because of segment shift toward small size vehicle and higher diesel vehicle sales.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2024

본 연구는 온두라스 푸에르토 코르테스 매립장의 온실가스 감축 사업을 하고자 매립장 반입량 조사, 폐기물 성상조사 등 기초자료 수집 및 온실가스 배출량 산정을 하였다. 반입량과 성상조사를 바탕으로 IPCC 모형을 통한 온실가스 배출량 산정하였다. 2027년부터 2041년까지 IPCC모형의 매립가스 회수를 고려하여 산정한 결과 총 온실가스 감축량은 506,835ton-CO₂이며, 연평균 온실가스 감축량은 33,789 ton-CO₂로 산정되었다. 본 연구는 푸에르토 코르테스 매립장 온실가스 감축 사업의 타당성을 평가하고 이행 방안을 도출하기 위한 온실가스 배출량에 대한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2011

From October 2009 to June 2010, major greenhouse gases (GHG: $N_2O$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$) soil emission were measured from upland cabbage field at Kunsan ($35^{\circ}$56'23"N, $126^{\circ}$43'14"E), Korea by using closed static chamber method. The measurements were conducted mostly from 10:00 to 18:00LST during field experiment days (total 28 days). After analyzing GHG concentrations inside of flux chamber by using a GC equipped with a methanizer (Varian CP3800), the GHG fluxes were calculated from a linear regression of the changes in the concentrations with time. Soil parameters (e.g. soil moisture, temperature, pH, organic C, soil N) were also measured at the sampling site. The average soil pH and soil moisture were ~pH $5.42{\pm}0.03$ and $70.0{\pm}1.8$ %WFPS (water filled pore space), respectively. The ranges of GHG flux during the experimental period were $0.08\sim8.40\;mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $N_2O$, $-92.96\sim139.38mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $CO_2$, and $-0.09\sim0.05mg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ for $CH_4$, respectively. It revealed that monthly means of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ flux during October (fall) were positive and significantly higher than those (negative value) during January (winter) when subsoil have low temperature and relatively high moisture due to snow during the winter measurement period. Soil mean temperature and moisture during these months were $17.5{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$, $45.7{\pm}8.2$%WFPS for October; and $1.4{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$, $89.9{\pm}8.8$ %WFPS for January. It may indicate that soil temperature and moisture have significant role in determining whether the $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ emission or uptake take place. Low temperature and high moisture above a certain optimum level during winter could weaken microbial activity and the gas diffusion in soil matrix, and then make soil GHG emission to the atmosphere decrease. Other soil parameters were also discussed with respect to GHG emissions. Both positive and negative gas fluxes in $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ were observed during these measurements, but not for $N_2O$. It is likely that $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ gases emanated from soil surface or up taken by the soil depending on other factors such as background concentrations and physicochemical soil conditions.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2017

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of private industry of Chungcheongbuk-do were estimated. GHG emissions were classified by industry and GHG emissions ratio of each industry of Chungcheongbuk-do was found. Characteristics of GHG emissions of Chungcheongbuk-do and GHG mitigation technology were analyzed. To calculate GHG emissions, equations proposed through GHG emissions calculation guidelines published by Korean Energy Agency in 2009 were used. As a result, GHG emissions ratio of cement, semiconductor, paper and petrochemical industry was about 73%, 16%, 5%, and 2% respectively. GHG mitigation technologies of cement, semiconductor and waste were investigated. For cement, amine technology, for semiconductor, scrubber system and for waste, land fill gas utilization were analyzed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

온실가스로 인한 세계 기후 변화가 심각해지고 있다. 이를 방지하기 위해 세계 각국에서는 온실가스 배출 규제를 하고 있다. 국내는 온실가스 배출량을 2030년까지 BAU(Business As Usual) 대비 37% 감축하기로 하였다. 국내 온실가스 배출 비중 중 교통부문이 18.58%에 해당하는 데 그중 도로가 93.75%에 해당하는 대부분의 수치를 기록했다. 대중교통 또한 온실가스 감축 대상에 포함되는데 본 연구는 도로 교통 중 비용이 상대적으로 적게 들면서 온실가스 감량을 할 수 있는 버스 대중교통의 온실가스 감축을 위해 진행했다. 본 연구는 애니 로직을 활용하여 온실가스 시뮬레이션 모델을 구현해 버스의 배차 간격을 조정하여 승객의 대기시간 대비 최적의 온실가스 배출량을 예측하는 시뮬레이션을 진행했다. 향후 더욱 정밀한 모델을 구현한다면 버스 온실가스 감축에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was $18.7kg{\cdot}CO_2$ in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), many countries around the world have been concerned with reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing the level of building energy consumption is particularly important in bringing GHG down. Because of this, many countries including the US and the EU are enforcing energy-related policies. However, these policies are focused on management of single types of buildings such as public buildings and office buildings, instead of management on a national level. Thus, although various policies have been enforced in many countries, $CO_2$ management on a national level is still not an area of focus. Therefore, this study proposed a community-based $CO_2$ management process that allows government-led GHG management. The minimum unit of the community in this study is a plot, and the process consists of three steps. First, the current condition of the GHG emission was identified by plot. Second, based on the identified results, the GHG emission reduction target was distributed per plot by reflecting the weighted value according to (i) the target $CO_2$ reduction in the buildings in the standard year, (ii) region, and (iii) building usage and size. Finally, to achieve the allocated target reduction, building energy management was executed according to the properties of the building located on each plot. It can be expected that the proposed community-based $CO_2$ management process will enable government-level GHG management, through which environment-friendly building construction can be promoted.