• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.567-570
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• 1992

Variance components were estimated for calf daily gain from birth to 45 days of age in small (S), medium (M) and large (L) lines of beef cattle. Analyses involved records collected on 682 (S), 510 (M) and 228 (L) calves in Iowa, USA from 1978 to 1986. Cytoplasmic lines were determined based on the foundation female in the maternal lineage of each animal. Data were analyzed separately by size line using a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedure under an animal model including additive direct (a), additive maternal (m), cytoplasmic lineage effects and covariance (a, m). The heritabilities for direct and maternal, and the cytoplasmic effects, were 0.13, 0.35 and 0.00 for S, 0.14, 0.32 and 0.00 for M, and 0.05, 0.33 and 0.03 for L. Genetic correlations (a, m) for S, M and L were -0.33, -0.57 and -1.00, respectively. The maternal genetic effect was the most important for calf growth between birth and 45 dyas of age and cytoplasmic variances were not important in any line.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

무지개 송어 발안란의 이동 이력과 IHNV G gene 염기서열의 계통학적 분석에 의해 IHNV의 국내 이동에 대해서 처음으로 조사되었다. IHNV RtWanju09 분리주는 IHNV RtPy91과 RtJe00의 JRt Shizuoka lineage에 속하는 것으로 나타났으며, 강원도에서 분리된 IHNV RtPy91과 RtWanju09 사이의 G gene의 유전적 차이는 1.77%였고, 약 20년간 우리나라의 JRt Shizuoka lineage에 속하는 한국 분리주들은 최대 3.03%의 유전적 차이를 나타내 계속적으로 바이러스가 진화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전라북도 지역에서 분리된 IHNV RtWanju09 분리주는 IHNV가 오염된 강원도 지역산 발안란이 전라북도에 전파되었을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2012

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that comprises four genetic lineages: I, II, III, and IV. Of these, lineage II is frequently recovered from foods and environments and responsible for the increasing incidence of human listeriosis. In this study, the phylogenetic structure of lineage II was determined through sequencing analysis of the ascB-dapE internalin cluster. Fifteen sequence types proposed by multilocus sequence typing based on nine housekeeping genes were grouped into three distinct sublineages, IIA, IIB, and IIC. Organization of the ascB-dapE internalin cluster could serve as a molecular marker for these sublineages, with inlGHE, inlGC2DE, and inlC2DE for IIA, IIB, and IIC, respectively. These sublineages displayed specific genetic and phenotypic characteristics. IIA and IIC showed a higher frequency of recombination (${\rho}/{\theta}$). However, recombination events had greater effect (r/m) on IIB, leading to its high nucleotide diversity. Moreover, IIA and IIB harbored a wider range of internalin and stress-response genes, and possessed higher nisin tolerance, whereas IIC contained the largest portion of low-virulent strains owing to premature stop codons in inlA. The results of this study indicate that IIA, IIB, and IIC might occupy different ecological niches, and IIB might have a better adaptation to a broad range of environmental niches.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2014

The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index ($F_{ST}$) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu's inbred populations. Inbreeding values ($F_{IS}$) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) or $F_{ST}$, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking $H_E$, $F_{ST}$ or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and allelic number of close lineage populations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2021

To date, there is no report on the genetic diversity of ticks in these regions. A total of 370 representative ticks from the south and east regions of Kazakhstan (SERK) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) were selected for molecular comparison. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, ranging from 631 bp to 889 bp, was used to analyze genetic diversity among these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses indicated 7 tick species including Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus and Haemaphysalis erinacei from the SERK clustered together with conspecific ticks from the XUAR. The network diagram of haplotypes showed that i) Hy. asiaticum from Almaty and Kyzylorda Oblasts together with that from Yuli County of XUAR constituted haplogroup H-2, and the lineage from Chimkent City of South Kazakhstan was newly evolved; and ii) the R. turanicus ticks sampled in Israel, Almaty, South Kazakhstan, Usu City, Ulugqat and Baicheng Counties of XUAR were derivated from an old lineage in Alataw City of XUAR. These findings indicate that: i) Hy. asiaticum, R. turanicus and Ha. erinacei shared genetic similarities between the SERK and XUAR; and ii) Hy. marginatum and D. reticulatus show differences in their evolution.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 추계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.183-184
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• 2002

The use of transgenic fish has so far been chiefly limited by the lack of predictable, strong, tissue specific, and position-independent expression of transgenes. For genetic analysis, expression of a marker transgene, easily screenable in the living fish, could facilitate studies of gene targeting, insertional mutagenesis, lineage, and mutational analysis. (omitted)

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1329-1335
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• 2011

한국재래염소는 흑모색의 특징을 나타내며, 유일한 염소 품종으로서 오랫동안 한반도에서 사육되어 왔다. 하지만 이들에 대한 유전적 다양성, 계통유전학적 분석 등을 통한 기원 추정 등에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서 한국재래염소 5개 집단, 60두를 대상으로 mtDNA D-loop 영역 중 HVI 영역의 서열을 이용하여 유전적 다양성 및 계통유전학적 분석을 실시하였다. 한국재래염소는 다른 나라 염소들에 비해서 haplotype 다양성 지수가 낮게 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 분류된 한국재래염소 10개 haplotype 중 현재까지 보고되지 않은 6개의 새로운 haplotype이 확인되었다. 계통유전학적 분석 결과, 분석에 사용된 모든 한국재래염소는 mtDNA 모계혈통 A에 속하였다. 10개의 haplotype 중 8개는 베트남, 일부 중국 염소와 함께 subgroup을 형성하였다. 그러나 나머지 2개 haplotype은 각각 서로 독립적인 계통유전학적 위치를 보였다. 이런 결과들을 토대로 한국재래염소는 상대적으로 높은 근친상황으로 외부 유전자 유입이 적었을 것이라고 추정된다. 한국재래염소의 새로운 mtDNA haplotype의 발견 및 유전자원 보존 및 평가를 위해서 더 많은 분석집단 및 개체를 수집하고, MS 마커를 이용한 추가분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2015

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in the rhizosphere and form symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plant roots. In this study, four strains of Rhizophagus clarus were cultured and variations in their growth characteristics owing to functional diversity and resultant effects on host plant were investigated. Growth characteristics of the studied R. clarus strains varied significantly, suggesting that AMF retain high genetic variability at the intraspecies level despite asexual lineage. Furthermore, host plant growth response to the R. clarus strains showed that genetic variability in AMF could cause significant differences in the growth of the host plant, which prefers particular genetic types of fungal strains. These results suggest that the intraspecific genetic diversity of AMF could be result of similar selective pressure and may be expressed at a functional level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2007

The origin of domestic donkeys in China has been controversial. To clarify the origin of Chinese domestic donkeys, we investigated the partial mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 126 samples from 12 native breeds. The results revealed two mitochondrial origins, lineage Somali and lineage Nubian of African wild ass detected in Chinese domestic donkeys. Lineage Somali was predominant in Chinese domestic donkey breeds. The pattern of genetic variation in ass mtDNA D-loop sequences indicated that the two lineages Somali and Nubian from China had undergone population expansion events. In a combined analysis of lineages Somali and Nubian between previously published sequences from other countries/regions and sequences of Chinese domestic donkeys, the results indicated that the two lineages of Chinese domestic donkeys were from Africa and supported the African maternal origins of Chinese domestic donkeys. There was no obvious geographical structure in Chinese domestic donkey breeds, but the population showed abundant mtDNA diversity. The spread routes of Chinese domestic donkeys were also discussed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2008

Although the Korean isolate KI-1 of Toxoplasma gondii has been considered to be a virulent type I lineage because of its virulent clinical manifestations, its genotype is unclear. In the present study, genotyping of the KI-1 was performed by multilocus PCR-RFLP and microsatellite sequencing. For 9 genetic markers (c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, and Apico), the KI-1 and RH strains exhibited typical PCR-RFLP patterns identical to the type I strains. DNA sequencing of tandem repeats in 5 microsatellite markers (B17, B18, TUB2, W35, and TgM-A) of the KI-1 also revealed patterns characteristic of the type I. These results provide strong genetic evidence that KI-1 is a type I lineage of T. gondii.