• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1997

Perfluorotolyl (PFT)-ether and perfluorotoly-trimethylsilyl (PFT-TMS) ether derivatives of oestrone, $17{\alpha}$- and $17{\beta}$oestradiol were prepared under phase transfer conditons. The former derivatives under negative ion chemical ionization conditions gave significant ions in the mass spectrometer but $17{\alpha}$- and $17{\beta}$ -oestradiol gave poor resolution. However, the PFT-TMS derivatives of 17.${\alpha}$- and$17{\beta}$-oestradiol showed good resolution. These derivatives were used for the analysis of oestrogens in bovine aqueous humour, vitreous humour and retina. The mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentrations of oestrone in bovine aqueous humour (n=18), vitreous humour (n=18) and bovine retina (n=4) were $0.47{\pm}0.11$, $0.46{\pm}0.14$ and $1.10{\pm}0.24 ng.ml^{-1}$, respectively. $17{\alpha}$-Oestradiol was detected in 16 out of 18 samples of bovine aqueous humour and vitreous humour and the mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentrations were $0.30{\pm}0.10$ and $0.08{\pm}0.02 ng.ml^{-1}$, respectively. The mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentration of 17.betha.-oestradiol in aqueous humour (n=7) and vitreous homour (n=11) $0.83{\pm}0.26 ng ml^{-1}$ and $0.39{\pm}0.09 ng ml^-1$, respectively. In retina the concentrations of both steroids were below the detection limit.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2014

Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems related with elimination efficiency and complex devices. In this study, decomposition efficiency of harmful gases was investigated. It was found that the efficiency rate can be increased by moving the harmful gases together with SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor. Calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$), CaO, and $TiO_2$ were used as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as $SO_2$ were measured for the analysis of decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide($SO_2$). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas $SO_2$ with the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96% decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10 kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased at the frequencies higher than 20 kHz. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas $SO_2$ by the $Ca(OH)_2$ catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under 300 ppm concentration, 10 kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20 W. It was 4% higher than the application of the SPCP reactor alone. The highest decomposition efficiency, 98.0% was achieved at the concentration of 100 ppm.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2018

In our previous studies, Bacillus megaterium KU143, Microbacterium testaceum KU313, and Pseudomonas protegens AS15 have been shown to be antagonistic to Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grains. In this study, the biocontrol activities of these strains were evaluated against Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium fellutanum, and Penicillium islandicum, which are predominant in stored rice grains. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the bacterial strains were evaluated against the fungi on media and rice grains, respectively. The antifungal activities of the volatiles produced by the strains against fungal development and population were also tested using I-plates. In in vitro tests, the strains produced secondary metabolites capable of reducing conidial germination, germ-tube elongation, and mycelial growth of all the tested fungi. In in vivo tests, the strains significantly inhibited the fungal growth in rice grains. Additionally, in I-plate tests, strains KU143 and AS15 produced volatiles that significantly inhibited not only mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of the fungi on media but also fungal populations on rice grains. GC-MS analysis of the volatiles by strains KU143 and AS15 identified 12 and 17 compounds, respectively. Among these, the antifungal compound, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole, was produced by strain KU143 and the antimicrobial compounds, 2-butyl 1-octanal, dimethyl disulfide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, and 4-trifluoroacetoxyhexadecane, were produced by strain AS15. These results suggest that the tested strains producing extracellular metabolites and/or volatiles may have a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against the grain fungi. In particular, B. megaterium KU143 and P. protegens AS15 may be potential biocontrol agents against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. during rice grain storage.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.69-72
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• 2000

Chlorella vulgaris를 이용하여 기본배지에서 초기 주입농도 $0.7{\times}10^4\;cells/mL$ 상태에서 300시간 배양 후 $1.21{\times}10^5\;cells/mL$의 생체수를 얻었으며, 초기 cell 농도가 0.30g/L인 경우가 성장률이 $0.162g/L\;{\cdot}\;day$로 우수하였다. Glucose 초기농도가 2.00g/L인 경우 초기 cell 농도 0.025g/L에서 140시간 후 0.874g/L이 되었으며 비성장속도는 $0.243h^{-1}$을 나타내었고, 72시간내에 가스를 268mL를 생성하였으며 이후로는 수소 생성이 종료으나 순수 소소를 19.87mol% 함유하고 있었다. Chlorella vulgaris의 조성을 원소분석기로 분석한 결과 $C_{1.000}\;H_{1.774}\;N_{0.125}\;O_{0.557}$가 되었으며 이산화탄소 전환율은 $0.616cells/\;g\;CO_2$가 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 1994

Relation the phage defense mechanism of phage resistant Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 11602-A1 to its cell wall components was investigated. To determine whether teichoic acid which is known to be one of the phage receptor site present on the cell wall, phage adsorption was examined after treatment 5% TCA(60%$\CIRC $C) and concanavalin A to the cell wall of A1 and parent strain. However, the adsorption rate of two strains did not change. Total amount of phosphate after TCA treatment did not change in both strains, but a difference between the two strains was observed. Ribitol and glycerol, components of teichoic acid, could not be detected in the cell walls of two strains by GC analysis. These results suggest that although teichoic acid was not present in the cell walls of both strains, the composition of cell wall of two strains was not identical. Measurement of amount of protein and SDS-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis were carried out to examine the involvement of cell wall protein in phage resistance, showing that protein is nothing to do with phage adsorption of parent strain, but phage resistance of A1 is related to protein. Cell wall carbohydrates of A1 contained rhamnose, glucose, and galactose. Total amount of carbohydrate of 1% SDS-treated A1 cell wall was reduced to the level of parent strain. The results suggest that phage resistance of A1 was due to the presence of a higher level of carbohydrates then parent strain, and to interaction of carbohydrate and protein.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.484-493
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• 2000

생물시료 중 존재하는 알킬페놀류, 클로로페놀류 및 비스페놀 A의 동시분석을 기체크로마토그래피-질량분석기-선택이온검색법에 의해 수행하였다. 시료 중 페놀류는 유기용매로 추출하고 정제과정은 Florisil과 silica 컬럼을 비교분석하였다. 회수율 실험은 각 생물시료에 1-ppm 정도를 첨가하여 수행하였다. 이들의 회수율은 83-116% 정도로 나타났고, 표준편차는 약 2.4-11.9%로 나타났다. 페놀류의 검출한계를 증진시키기 위하여, trimeaylsilyl(TMS) 유도체 방법을 도입하였다. 유도체화 시키지 않은 페놀과 TMS 유도체화된 페놀류의 기체크로마토그래피 성질을 연구하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2017

Rathayibacter tritici, which is a Gram positive, plant pathogenic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, causes spike blight in wheat and barley. For successful pathogenesis, R. tritici is associated with Anguina tritici, a nematode, which produces seed galls (ear cockles) in certain plant varieties and facilitates spread of infection. Despite significant efforts, little research is available on the mechanism of disease or bacteria-nematode association of this bacterium due to lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 with diverse features of this strain. The whole genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,354,681 bp with a GC content of 69.48%. A total of 2,979 genes were predicted, comprising 2,866 protein coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The comparative genomic analyses between R. tritici NCPPB 1953 and R. toxicus strains identified 1,052 specific genes in R. tritici NCPPB 1953. Using the BlastKOALA database, we revealed that the flexible genome of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 is highly enriched in 'Environmental Information Processing' system and metabolic processes for diverse substrates. Furthermore, many specific genes of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 are distributed in substrate-binding proteins for extracellular signals including saccharides, lipids, phosphates, amino acids and metallic cations. These data provides clues on rapid and stable colonization of R. tritici for disease mechanism and nematode association.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

Traditional simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) and solid-phase micro extraction(SPME) methods using GC/MS were compared for their effectiveness in the extraction of volatile flavor compounds from different tobacco leaves types(flue-cured, burley, oriental). The major volatile flavor compounds of flue-cured and burley tobacco were similar such as neophytadiene, solanone, megastigmatrienone isomers, ${\beta}$-damascenone and ${\beta}$-ionone. On the other hand, volatile flavor compounds such as norambreinolide, sclareolide were specifically identified in oriental tobacco. Each method was used to evaluate the responses of some analytes from real samples and standards in order to provide sensitivity comparisons between two techniques. Among three types of SPME fibers such as PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane), PA(Polyacrylate) and PDMS/DVB (Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene) which were investigated to determine the selectivity and adsorption efficiency, PDMS/DVB fiber was selected for the extractions of the volatile flavor compounds due to its effectiveness. The qualitative analysis showed that the total amount of volatile flavor compounds in SDE method(130 species) was much more than that in SPME method(85 species). SPME method was more efficient for all the highly volatile compounds than SDE method, but on the other hand, low-volatile compounds such as fatty acids or high-molecular hydrocabons were detected in SDE method. SPME method based on a short-time sampling can be adjusted to favor a selected group compounds in tobacco. Furthermore this results could be used to estimate the aroma characteristics of cigarette blending by using a different type of tobacco with more effectiveness and convenience.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2012

톳 발효 추출물을 첨가하여 개량식 방법으로 고추장을 제조하고 이에 따른 성분분석을 측정하였다. 일반성분 분석에서 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장 및 일반 고추장을 비교하였을 때 조단백, 조지방 및 탄수화물등은 비슷한 함량을 나타내었다. 아미노산 분석 결과 총 아미노산 함량은 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장이 15,929.5 ng/mg이며 일반 고추장이 14,965.6 ng/mg으로 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장이 일반 고추장에 비해 더 높았다. 아미노태질소분석시 일반 고추장의 경우 1044.80 mg%로 나타난 반면에 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장의 경우 1715.88 mg%로 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 일반 고추장과 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장의 식염은 각각 15.97%, 6.12%로 나타났으며 무기질은 톳 발효 추출물 첨가 고추장이 칼슘이 더 많았으며, 나트륨 함량은 일반 고추장에 비해 현저하게 낮았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.917-920
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• 2004

포장재에 잔존하는 인쇄 관련 유기용매가 식품으로 포장공간을 통하여 이행되는 가능성을 평가하기 위하여, 식품포장을 모사한 이행실험 시스템을 구성하여 이행가능오염 물질의 기체를 통한 식품으로의 이행량을 측정하였다. 포장식품에서 잠재적인 오염물질 중 인쇄와 관련한 유기 용매 중 비교적 휘발성이 높은 toluene p,m,o-xylene 등을 종이 포장재에 오염시키고, 이를 식품시료와 함께 밀폐 용기내에 두고, 이들 유기용매가 얼마나 식품으로 이행되는지를 측정하였다. 대표적 식품으로서 식품성분특성에 따라 당질, 단백질, 지방이 주 구성성분인 식품으로서 카라멜, 우육포, 버터를 선정하여 10, 25, 4$0^{\circ}C$의 조건에 평형상태의 이행정도를 측정하였다. 휘발성 유기 용매의 이행은 지방성 식품에서 아주 높게 이루어졌으며, 당질 식품인 카라멜의 경우 실험온도의 범위에서 37∼56%의 행율을 보였고, 단백질 함량이 높은 우육포에서는 37∼77%의 이행률을 나타내었다. 온도의 영향은 우육포에서만 유의하게 나타났으며, 이 경우 고온에서 높은 이행비율을 보였다. 용매 종류에 따라서는 이행정도에 차이를 보이지는 않았다.