• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2006

탁주를 활용하여 제과, 제방용 품질개선제로 개발하고자 주모 첨가 멥쌀 탁주를 $30^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 발효하여 분무 및 동결 건조한 탁주 분말의 저장중(5, 15 및 $25^{\circ}C$, 50일)품질변화를 검토하였다. 수분함량은 저장 50일에 분무건조 탁주분말이 초기 6.64%에서 7.24-7.38%로, 동결건조 탁주분말은 초기 4.86%에서 5.43-5.61%로 증가하였으며, pH와 총산함량은 초기값과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유기산은 저장 50일에 분무건조 탁주분말이 초기 3,949.9mg%에서 805.9-922.3mg%으로, 동결건조 탁주분말이 초기 5,171.5mg%에서 3,646.0-4,110.2mg%로 감소하였다. 아미노태 질소 함량은 저장 50일에 분무건조 탁주분말이 초기 1.2%에서 1.9-2.2%로, 동결건조 탁주분말은 초기 1.9%에서 2.2-2.5%로 증가하였다. 총당 및 환원당 함량은 저장 50일에 분무건조 박주분말이 초기 17.2%및 4.0%에서 25.9-27.3%및 5.8-6.9%로, 동결건조 탁주분말이 초기 19.1% 및 5.2%에서 29.2-30.2% 및 8.3-8.8%로 증가하였다. 저장기간의 경과에 따라 분무건조 분말은 L 및 b값이 서서히 증가한 반면, 동결건조 분말은 L값은 감소하고 증가하였다. 총균수는 분무건조 탁주분말이 초기 $1.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/g에서 $5.2{\times}10^3-9.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g로, 동결건조 탁주분말이 초기 $2.1{\times}10^6$ CFU/g에서 $1.8{\times}10^6-2.7{\times}10^6$ CFU/g로 초기균수와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 분무건조 및 동결건조 탁주분말에서 GC-MS로 동정한 주요 향기성분은 저장초기 분무건조 탁주분말에서 약 10종, 동결건조 탁주분말에서 약 18종이었으며 저장기간의 경과에 따라 감소하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.738-746
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• 2006

생황장에 양파를 첨가하였을 때와 무장과 비지장에 표고버섯을 첨가하였을 때, 그리고 찌금장에 다시마를 첨가하였을 때 휘발성 성분을 추출하여 분석 동정하였다. 생황장은 furfural, benzeneacetaldehyde, n-hexadecanoic acid 등이 많이 검출되었고 양파 첨가구에서 1-hexanol, 2,5-dimethylthiophene은 숙성 4일 후에 각각 0.07, 0.11 ppm이 검출되었다. 생황장은 발효 4일된 시료에서 향기성분의 함량이 비교적 높게 나타났으며, n-hexadecanoic acid의 경우 발효 4일된 시료는 발효초기 함량보다 10배 이상 높게 나타났다. 무장에서의 1H-indole과 phenol은 발효초기에는 대조구에서 각각 130.02, 85.38 ppm이었고, 6일째에는 각각 129.68, 95.99 ppm이었다. 표고버섯 첨가 시 1H-indole은 각각 121.90 ppm에서 114.44 ppm으로, phenol은 각각 87.48 ppm에서 75.64 ppm으로 감소하였다. 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol, ${\gamma}-dodecalactone$ 등은 대조구에서 검출이 되었으며, 1,2,4-trithiolane, 2-buthyl-2-octenal은 표고버섯 첨가구에서 검출되었다. 비지장에서는 2,4-decadienal이 대조구는 발효초기에는 2.76 ppm, 발효 1일에는 6.46 ppm, 2일에는 5.02 ppm이 검출되었고 표고버섯 첨가구는 발효초기에는 2.92 ppm, 발효 1일에는 3.84 ppm, 2일에는 3.60 ppm이 검출되어 표고버섯 첨가시 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Furfural은 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 1,2,4-trithiolane과 lenthionine은 표고버섯 첨가한 시료에서만 검출되었다. 찌금장은 tetramethylpyrazine, hexadecanal, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid dthyl ester 등이 검출되었고 발효가 진행되어도 이들 성분의 변화는 적었지만, linoleic acid ethyl ester는 감소하였다. 전체적으로 부재료를 첨가하였을 경우에 장 특유의 이취로 알려진 pyrazine류나 hexadecanoic acid 등의 지방산의 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2016

경기도내 유통중인 75품목의 페이스트 및 액상형 치약 및 구중청량제 제품에 대하여 항균 성분인 트리클로산과 에탄올 및 보존제인 파라옥시벤조산(메틸, 프로필), 벤조 산나트륨에 대해 사용여부 및 표준제조기준 준수 여부를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 HPLC, GC를 이용하여 정량시험을 실시하였다. 보존제 검사결과 총 37품목이 검출되었으며 이 중 파라옥시벤조산메틸은 26품목에서 0.003~0.19%, 파라옥시벤조산프로필은 11품목에서 0.002~0.02%, 벤조산 나트륨은 14품목에서 0.1~0.3%의 농도로 검출되었다. 파라옥시벤조산과 벤조산나트륨이 동시에 검출된 치약은 2품목이었다. 어린이용 치약 20품목 중 파라옥시벤조산메틸은 6품목에서 0.03~0.19%, 파라옥시벤조산프로필은 1품목에서 0.01%, 벤조산나트륨은 5품목에서 0.1~0.2%의 농도로 검출되었다. 이 중 무파라벤 문구 표시된 제품은 8품목이었으나 벤조산나트륨이 5품목에서 검출되었다. 트리클로산은 75품목 모두 불검출이었으며 에탄올은 19품목 중 16품목에서 4.9~21.9%의 농도로 검출되었다. 이 중 3품목은 20.5~21.9%로 함유량이 높게 나타났으며 거품형 치약 2품목에서도 에탄올이 각각 4.9%, 5.7%의 농도로 검출되었다. 에탄올 함량이 표시된 제품은 1품목이었으며 에탄올무첨가 문구 표시 제품 1품목, 저알코올 문구 표시 제품 1품목이었다. 본 연구결과 유통되고 있는 치약제 및 구중청량제에서 검출된 보존제는 치약제의 허용범위 이하로 사용되고 있었다. 트리클로산은 검출되지 않았으며, 에탄올은 대부분의 구중청량제에서 사용되었으나 함량이 표시되어 있지 않았다. 의약외품인 치약제 및 구중청량제는 의약품과 달리 현행 규정상 전 성분 표시가 되지 않고 있으며, 주성분만 기재 의무화 되어있다. 보존제의 경우 75품목 중 3품목에서 주의사항에 사용여부가 표시되어 있었다. 따라서 소비자들의 알권리와 제품 선택권을 위해 제품에 전 성분 표시기재가 되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 에탄올 함량이 주류인 소주보다 높게 나타난 제품이 있어, 이러한 경우 함량 표시도 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 1996

The profile and concentration of monoterpene metabolites in the leaf and stem of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis were quantified, and seasonal variation in monoterpenes of Artemisia plant was investigated. Samples were taken from five sites at the campus of Kyungnam University during maturing season. Monoterpenes in leaf and stem were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of A. princeps var. orientalis in both the leaf and stem were 21 monoterpenes.$ {\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene,\;{\beta}-myrcene$, dl-limonene, naphthalene and unknown monoterpenes with 5.49 and 16.27 of retenstion time were present in high concentrations of compounds identified on the leaf and stem of A. princeps var. orientalis. The cmounts of total monoterpenes of leaf were from two to five times higher than stem and rapidly decreased with the time, while that of stem was constnat except early spring. Most of the high percentage of monoterpenes in the leaf were those with later retention time. These results indicated that monoterpenes yields are considered to be more variable than monoterpene composition in responding to the time in both the leaf and stem.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.792-798
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• 1994

In order to investigate the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds contained in domestic Meju and Doenjang , the methanolic extract from defatted Meju and Doenjang was fractionated into the phenolic acid and the isoflavone fractions by alumina column and polyamide-6 column chromatography, respectively. Both phenolic acid and isoflavone fractions exhibited an identical antioxidative effect against the oxidation of linoleic acid. GC analysis revealed that the phenolic acid fractio contained vanillic , chlorogenic ,p-coumalic , ferulic, and caffeine acid. The content of caffic acid was greater than 70% in the phenolic acid fraction and the content of vanillic and chlorogenic acids were disappeared during fermentation, and thus, the facts are thought to be reasons for the low antioxidant activity of the phenolic aicd fraction from Doenjang. Similarly, the isoflavone fraction cotained daidzin, glycitin-65-0 glucosider and genistin and their aglycons such as daidzein, glyciten and genistein. The content of daidzin and genistin in Meju dramatically decreased at the early stage of fermentation ,whereas the content of daidzein an dgenistein rather increased ; however, these change in isoflavone contents did not affect the antioxidant activity of isoflavone fractions.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2014

In this research, a few paints in the shipyard were selected and analyzed for the component and ozone production in marine paint using TVOC and GC/FID, ozone generation index (MIR, POCP) to establish measures of $VOC_s$ effectively. The concentrations of TVOC ranged between approximately 300~400 g/L and 400~500 g/L, respectively and these showed 37% of whole. Our results indicated that the main constituents of marine paints were m,p,oxylene (49%), ethyl benzene (10%), toluene (8%) and 2-propanol (5%). It was also found that xylene concentration have relatively higher impact on ozone generation. The types of paints were also investigated for their potentials. The biggest contributor was the 1 Pack Finish paint. The rest is, in their contributing order, 1 Pack Finish paint, 2 pack Finish paint, Anti-fouling paint, 2 Pack A/C paint, Ballast paint and 1 Pack A/C paint.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1995

The effects of toluene inhalation on the contents of amino acid neurotransmitters in rat brain were investigated and blood toluene concentrations inducing changes of behavior and amino acid neurotransmitter contents in rat brain were observed. Male wistar rats were exposed to toluene vapor (single dose : 1700, 5000 and 10000 ppm for 2 hrs, repeated dose : 1700 and 5000 ppm for 2 hrs/day$\times$6 days). Toluene concentrations in blood and the inhalation chamber were assayed by GC with headspace sampler. HPLC method following PITC derivatization was used to measure the amino acid contents in brain tissues such as frontal cortex, caudate, hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid levels were increased by single inhalation of toluene (5000 ppm) in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment. In caudate and cerebellum, taurine levels were decreased by single inhalation of low dose toluene (1700 ppm), but increased by repeated administration. At high blood toluene concentration, GABA levels were increased in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment and the increasing extents of inhibitory amino acid contents measured in caudate and hippocampus were greater than those of excitatory amino acids. These results suggest that the changes of amino acid neurotransmitter contents in brain by exposure to toluene may modulate toluene-induced behaviors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2001

This study was designed to compare content and composition of fatty acid in egg yolk oil among general eggs from chicken, quail, duck. We also compared those of general and functional chicken egg. Fatty acids were determined by GC method and the results were as follows: Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and timnodonic acid were identified in egg of chicken, quail and duck. The major fatty acid was oleic acid and palmitic acid in three kinds of eggs. Arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were analyzed in egg of quail , but no in chicken. Monounsaturaterd fatty acid (MUFA) was higher in egg yolk oil of chicken and quail. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher in duck egg. Ginseng egg had significantly higher palmitic acid and oleic acid lower than general chicken egg. Gamgoal egg had lower palmitic acid and oleic acid, and higher palmitoleic acid and stearic acid than general chiekcn egg. The content of oleic acid was lower in DHA egg than in general chiecken egg, but arachidonic acid was detected only in DHA egg. Ginseng egg had the highest content of saturated fatty acid among chicken eggs. The content of MUFA acid was the highest in gamgoal egg and general chicken egg. DHA egg had the most amount of PUFA among all chicken egg.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1992

The effects of various kind and amount of nitrogen fertilizers on the plant grorth. physiological , yield and extracts. ligustilide, butylidene phthalide contents of curdsdrug "Tou-ki" (AnTelica acutiloba Kitagawa) were investigated in 1989. Five plots variouskind of nitrogen fertilizers. Namely, no nitrogen, urea. ammonium nitrate, ammoniumchloride and control plot of ammonium sulfate. The other, by providing five plotsdifferent composed ratio of nitrogenous fertilizers. containing no nitrogen (No. o) .0.5-fold nitrogen (No s), control plot of 1.0-fold nitrogen(Nl.o). 1.5-fold nitrogen(Nl s)and 2.0-fold nitrogen Na. o), but nitogen was used the ammonium sulfate. The results showedthat the crude drug "Tou-ki" can ammonium chloride be produced in good yield, displayingboth good plant growth and remarkable physiologically-active conditions, and it can beproduced such that the extracts is maximized. Additionally, using methods of gaschromatography (GC) , it was established that ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, majorcomponents in the crude drug was recovered in a good yield from the fully grown plants.The other, the plant growth, the physiologically-active, the weight of whole plant, theyield of extracts and ligustilide, butylidene phthalide were seen to be best at the plotof 2.0-fold nitrogen and according to the increase or decrease of nitrogen decreasedgradually. Therefore. about 2 fold of standard quantity seems to be the most suitablequantity of nitrogen for "Tou-ki" cultivation .uot;Tou-ki" cultivation .ion .

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.266-269
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• 1995

알코올 함량을 보다 신속하고 정확하게 측정하고자, 알코올 센서를 사용하였다. Alcohol oxidase를 glutaraldehyde로 nylon net에 고정화시킨 다음 산소전극에 연결하여 기질과의 반응에서 소모되는 용존산소 소비량의 변화를 용존산소측정기로 측정하여 알코올을 정량하였다. 알코올 센서의 최적조건에서 시판되는 각종 주류를 측정해 본 결과, 각각 맥주는 $4{\sim}5%$, 저알코올성 음료는 0.71%, 포도주는 10.06%, 청주는 16.12%, 소주는 25.71%, 탁주는 6.18%로 정량되었으며, 이는 가스 크로마토그래피로 측정한 값과 좋은 상관관계를 가졌다.