• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate forest carbon cycling and soil $CO_2$ efflux rates in a 42-year-old pine (Pinus densiflora) stand located in Hamyang-gun, Korea. Aboveground and soil organic carbon storage, litterfall, litter decomposition, and soil $CO_2$ efflux rates were measured for one year. Estimated aboveground biomass carbon storage and increment in this stand were $3,250gC/m^2\;and\;156gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Soil organic carbon storage at the depth of 30 cm was $10,260gC/m^2$ Mean organic carbon inputs by needle and total litterfall were $176gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}\;and\;235gC\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Litter decomposition rates were faster in nne roots less than 2 mm diameter size ($<220\;g\;kg^{-1}yr^{-1}$) than in needle litter ($<120\;g\;kg^{-1}yr^{-1}$). Annual mean and total soil respiration rates were $0.37g\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ and $2,732g\;CO_2m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ during the study period. A strong positive relationship existed between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperature (r=0.8149), while soil $CO_2$ efflux responded negatively to soil pH (r=-0.3582).

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

워싱턴주 벤쿠버시 Bonneville 전력소 전주 보관 지역내 PCP와 creosote 오염토양 2g 당 0.020g heme에 0.108g $H_2O$$_2$을 혼합한 산화방법과 0.035g hemoglobin에 0.324g $H_2O$$_2$을 혼합한 산화방법을 비교ㆍ조사하였다. 오염토양에 $^{14}$ C-PCP을 첨가한 다음에 $^{14}$ C의 물질수지를 조사한 결과, 24시간동안 반응 후 $^{14}$ $CO_2$는 heme 과 hemoglobin반응에서는 각각 3.50g와 3.88% 생산되었다. $^{14}$ C 물질수지 분포는 heme 촉매 산화반응에서 용매 상에 43.01% 토양 상에는 46.03%이고, hemoglobin 촉매 산화반응에서는 용매 상에 39.21%와 토양 상에 51.25%로 비슷한 분포를 보였다. 실험실 규모 pan 실험에서 초기 PCP농도 273$\pm$20 mg/kg과 TPH 6379$\pm$45 mg/kg인 오염토양에서 hemoglobin 촉매 산화 반응이 초기반응을 제외하고 7일 이후 반응에서 heme 촉매 산화반응보다 빠르게 분해되었고, 35일 반응 이후 PCP는 10 mg/kg 이하의 값을 나타내었고, TPH도 유사한 결과를 보여 주었다. 그러므로 건조 hemoglobin과 과산화수소에 의한 PCP 오염토양 복원기술은 분해율이 높고 경제성을 가지고 있으므로 기존의 복원공정을 대안으로 제시될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2012

This study forecasts changes in thermal environment and microclimate change per new building construction and assignment of green space in urban area using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation. The analysis studies temperature, humidity and wind speed changes in 4 different given conditions that each reflects; 1) new building construction; 2) no new building construction; 3) green spaces; and 4) no green spaces. Daily average wind speed change is studied to be; Case 2(2.3 m/s) > Case 3. The result of daily average temperate change are; Case 3($26.5^{\circ}C$) > Case 4($24.6^{\circ}C$) > Case 2($23.9^{\circ}C$). This result depicts average of $2.5^{\circ}C$ temperature rise post new building construction, and decrease of approximately $1.8^{\circ}C$ when green space is provided. Daily average absolute humidity change is analysed to be; Case 3(15.8 g/kg') > Case 4(14.1 g/kg') > Case 2(13.5 g/kg'). This also reveals that when no green spaces is provided, 2.3 g/kg' of humidity change occurs, and when green space is provided, 0.6 g/kg change occurnd 4(1.8 m/s), which leads to a conclusion that daily average wind velocity is reduced by 0.5 m/s per new building construction in a building complex.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 내의 단일염기변이들을 규명하고 그 유전자형 효과가 유전자표지인자를 이용한 선발(Marker assisted selection, MAS)에 활용 가능한지를 검증하기 위해서 수행되었다. 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 총 염기서열을 분석하기 위해 6개의 Primer들을 이용하여 증폭산물을 생성하였으며, 염기서열분석을 통해 총 6개(c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His, c.892A>G-Asp298Asn, c.*430A>T)의 단일염기변이를 발견하였다. 한국재래돼지 MC4R 유전자내의 총 6개의 단일염기변이들간의 연관불균형과 반수체 분석을 통해 단일염기변이들간의 연관성을 분석하였으며, c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His와 c.*430A>T는 완전한 연관불균형을 이루고 있었고, c.892A>G(Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이만 $r^2$-value가 0.028, D'-value가 0.348로 연관불균형 정도가 매우 낮았다. c.707A>G (Arg236His)와 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이들을 선발하여 PCR-RFLP 유전자형 분석방법을 이용해 돼지 5품종간의 유전자형 빈도를 추정한 결과, c.707A>G (Arg236His) 단일염기변이는 요크셔 품종 집단에서 오직 A (His) 대립유전자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 한국재래돼지, 랜드레이스, 버크셔와 듀록 품종에서는 G 대립유전자의 고정으로 나타났다. c.707A>G 단일염기변이와 육질형질을 484두에서 연관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 조지방, 등심 내의 수분, 육색, 적색도 그리고 황색도 등에서 유의적인 연관성을 관찰할 수 있었다. c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이의 유전자형 빈도는 품종별로 차이가 났으며, A (Asn) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 듀록으로 나타났고, G (Asp) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 한국재래돼지로 조사되었다. c.892A>G (Asp 298Asn) 단일염기변이와 돼지 4 집단의 육질형질을 1,126두에서 분석한 결과, 등지방두께에 고도의 유의적인 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.002). AA 유전자형을 가진 개체가 AG나 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 등지방두께가 두꺼운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 MC4R 유전자 내의 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이는 돼지의 선발개량에 유전자표지인자로서 충분한 효과가 있음을 검증하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2003

This study centers on how the electronic democracy which is expected to be a political system of information society may increase civic participation and develop political system. On the other hand, critics of internet voting claim that the technology required to properly authenticate voters and assure the accuracy and integrity of the election system either does not exist or is not widespread enough in society to be equitable and effective. In order to capture the potential that this new technology offers, it must be implemented correctly, upon a well-conceived framework of standards and procedures. At the same time, government must seek the advice of industry leaders as well as social activists so as to avoid the many obstacles that will undoubtedly arise.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

참외 재배시설에서 시설 내부 필름 표면에 결로현상으로 부착된 수적량과 시설 외부 필름 표면에 부착된 분진 부착량이 적었던 PO-2에서 투광률이 71.2%로 가장 높았다. 겨울철 시설 터널에서 온도가 가장 낮은 새벽 시간의 기온은 노지보다 $11.8{\sim}14.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 높게 나타났으며, 피복자재에 따라서는 최고 $2.7^{\circ}C$차이가 났는데 PO-2에서 가장 높았다. 지온은 터널이 노지보다 $13.0{\sim}15.3^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았으며, PO-2에서 가장 높아 PE보다 $2.3^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 참외 과실 전체에서 엽산을 분석한 결과 엽산함량은 품종에 따라 $68.9{\sim}113.4{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났다. 저온기에 참외 과육에서 $45{\sim}53{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났으며, 보온성과 광환경이 우수한 PO-2에서 PE보다 17% 정도 높은 수준을 보였다. 그러나 외기 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상 확보된 시기에는 $55.2{\sim}75.2{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났으며, PO-2에서 PE보다 과육에서 36% 높은 수준을 보였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2015

Water chemistry and fish community, based on fish compositions and ecological characteristics(trophic/tolerance guilds and condition factor), were compared in Gucheon Reservoir($G_cR$) and Yeoncho Reservoir($Y_cR$). Chemical parameters of water quality such as BOD, COD, nutrient(N, P) and suspended solids indicated that water quality was better in the $Y_cR$ than $G_cR$, and the temporal variability in seasonal and interannual patterns were greater in the $Y_cR$. The greater variability was mainly attributed to intense dilutions of reservoir water by Asian monsoon rain during July-August. Fish guild analysis indicated that species diversity was higher in the $G_cR$ than the $Y_cR$, and that the proportion of tolerant and omnivore species were greater in the $Y_cR$. Regression analysis of body weight-total length showed that the regression coefficient(b value) was lower in the $G_cR$(2.15 ~ 2.40) than the $Y_cR$(2.59 ~ 3.14). Condition factor(K) of fish against the total length showed negative slope of Zacco temminckii, Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius brunneus population in the $G_cR$, and a positive slope of Carassius auratus and Rhinogobius brunneus population in $Y_cR$. Overall, our data suggest that the growth of the fish populations, based on the length-weight relations and condition factor, reflected the trophic regime of nutrients and organic matter.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2009

Cast fishing gear needs some time for fishing progress, and catches and their composition by submerged time can change by several cause. Therefore, it is very importance to study fishing capacity of fishing gear by submerged time. This study is to investigate catches and their composition of shrimp trap, that is used in the coastal of the East Sea, and to find the fittest lifting time of trap. Experimental term are September 2006 and August 2007, the location is the coastal of Oho, Goseong, Gangwondo, Korea and one hundred trap is used at each casting and lifting of gear. For convenience of description, survey of 2006 and 2007 are dented as experimental code 1 and 2, and submerged time 21hr, 43hr and 66hr are dented as code A, B and C. The result of obtained from the above approach are summarized as follows: Many Northern shrimps(Pandalus eous), dominated 96.36%, are only catched in experimental code A, and in code B and C, some of coonstripe shrimp(Pandalus hypsinotus) and few morotoge shrimp(Pandalopsis japonica) are catched. CPUE of code 1A, 1B and 1C per trap were 21.67g, 29.51g and 28.48g, and those of code 2A, 2B and 2C per trap were 25.44g, 32.93g and 33.36g. Therefore, 24.66% of catch increased according as submerged time passes from 1 day to 2 days, and almost no change of catch was to be -1.1%. Carapace length of code 1A, 1B and 1C were 23.77mm, 25.00mm and 25.57mm, and those of code 2A, 2B and 2C per trap were 23.83mm, 24.95mm and 25.45mm. Thus, the more submerged time is, the less catch of small fish is and the more catch of large fish is. Consequently, fit lifting time of shrimp trap is after 2 days, and if considered trouble of fishing gear and condition of catch, the fittest lifting time is the third successive day of casting date.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2016

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in $PM_{2.5}$ were measured with Sunset OC/EC Field Analyzer at Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) near Seoul metropolitan area from May 2013 to April 2014. During the study period, the mean concentrations of OC and EC were $5.0{\pm}3.2{\mu}gC/m^3$ and $1.7{\pm}1.0{\mu}gC/m^3$, respectively. They showed clear seasonality reaching their maximum in winter ($6.5{\mu}gC/m^3$ and $1.9{\mu}gC/m^3$) and minimum in wet summer ($2.5{\mu}gC/m^3$ and $1.4{\mu}gC/m^3$). While OC showed greater seasonal variation, the diurnal variation was more noticeable for EC through all seasons with a clear maximum in the morning, which reveals the influence of vehicle emissions. In contrast, OC exhibited a broad second peak in the afternoon during May~June, when biological activities were the highest. Using the morning peaks of EC and OC, primary OC/EC ratio was assessed, which was assumed to be anthropogenic origin. It was the greatest in winter followed by spring and the lowest in wet summer. The seasonal difference in primary OC/EC ratio implies the influence of non-local sources of OC at the Mt. Taehwa.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2011

In this report, we provide experimental evidence that heavy metal ions could be removed using Pachymeniopsis sp., particularly soluble arsenic in leachate from soil contaminated by arsenic. We performed pilot scale of soil washing process based on our results. The adsorption of arsenic by Pachymeniopsis sp. indicated that it could be described with the Langmuir Model and the maximum adsorption capacity increased with decreasing pH (pH 3: 102.48 mg/g, pH 5: 98.32 mg/g, pH 7: 57.70 mg/g, pH 9: 43.34 mg/g) and increasing temperature (10$^{\circ}C$ : 60.38 mg/g, 20$^{\circ}C$ : 76.39 mg/g, 30$^{\circ}C$ : 112.12 mg/g). Our results revealed that soluble arsenic in leachate was removed from 24.03 mg/L to 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.1 mg/L by Pachymeniopsis sp. for 48hours on pilot scale of soil washing process.