• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Herbal plant extracts are good resources to find functional compounds for cosmetic ingredient. In this study, the extract of Areca semen (A. semen) was studied for melanogenesis inhibition and antioxidant activity. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen contained phenolic contents, $301.35{\pm}0.88{\mu}g/mg$, and exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $1.02{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/mg$. Further, FRAP value exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $9.07{\pm}0.36mM$. Disk diffusion assay was performed for antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) at $80{\mu}g/mL$, whereas it showed no significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of cell viability indicated that ethyl acetate fraction did not show cytotoxicity to B16/F1 cells at $80{\mu}g/mL$ and showed significant cytotoxicity at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of concentration and showed inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibitory, $29.78{\pm}0.31%$ at $80{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of tyrosinase and MITF were decreased after treatment with ethyl acetate fraction in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen could be considered as potential as whitening agents.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 1995

소 체외수정란에 있어서 pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)를 연구하기 위해서, 한개의 체외수정란으로부터 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)의 활성을 효소증폭방법으로 측정하였다. Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) 기질을 처리하지 않은 2, 4, 8세포기, 상실배 및 배반포기 수정란에서의 G6PDH 활성치는 각각 $25.5{\pm}3.3$, $27.8{\pm}3.4$, $40.9{\pm}6.2$, $34.9{\pm}3.6$ 및 $52.9{\pm}2.5{\times}10^{-8}mol/embryo/h$ 을 나타내었다. 즉, 8 세포기 이후 수정란들은 2 세포기나 4 세포기보다도 높은 효소활성치를 보여주었다 (P<0.01). 그리고 G6P 기질을 첨가한 2,4,8 세포기, 상실배기 및 배반포기 수정란의 G6PDH 활성치는 각각 $32.3{\pm}3.9$, $29.4{\pm}1.8$, $51.9{\pm}4.2$, $42.6{\pm}2.7$ 및 $52.9{\pm}2.5{\times}10^{-8}mol/embryo/h$ 로서 기질 무처리구와 마찬가지로 유의성이 인정되었다 (P<0.01). 전반적으로 수정란의 발달단계에 있어서 G6P 첨가한 수정란들에 G6PDH의 효소활성치가 기질을 처리하지 수정란들의 것보다도 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편, 소 체외수정란의 G6PDH 효소활성치와 발생능과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여, 4 세포기 수정란들을 효소활성치의 정량적 수준 (low, middle, high)에 따라 3 군으로 분류한 다음 $38.5^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$에서 5일간 난구세포들과 공동배양을 실시하였다. 그 결과, G6PDH 효소활성치 차이에 따른 수정란들의 체외발달율에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 소 체외수정란에 있어서 PPP 대사는 8세포기 이후부터 활발히 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.844-851
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• 2012

Antioxidant and cancer cell growth inhibition activity of hot water extract from five different varieties of Artemisia (A. Argyi H., A. iwayomogi Kitamura, A. Princeps Var Orien talis HARA, A. princeps Pampanini and A. annua L.) in Korea was studied. We determined the phenol and flavonoid contents and examined antioxidant assay, such as DPPH, NO radical scavenging, activity ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and bleaching inhibition activity in the ${\beta}$-carotene linolic acid system. Also, we performed HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell growth inhibition assay of Artemisia extracts. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were the highest in A. iwayomogi Kitamura followed by A. Argyi H. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in A. Argyi H. at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, NO radical scavenging activity was more than 50% in A. Princeps Var Orien talis HARA, A. princeps Pampanini, and A. annua L. at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. FRAP was higher in A. Argyi H. and A. iwayomogi Kitamura. Antioxidant activity in the ${\beta}$-carotene linolinolic system was also higher in A. Argyi H. and A. iwayomogi Kitamura by 60.50% and 56.90% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively. In cancer cell growth inhibition activities at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, A. iwayomogi Kitamura showed greater than 80% on HeLa cell. A. princeps Pampanini and A. Argyi H. extract had growth inhibition activities greater than 80% on MCF cell. The results of this study suggest that the antioxidant and anticancer activities in various Artemisia are a promising source of functional food ingredients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.404-411
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• 2007

Adsorption performance of odorous compounds such as geosmin and 2-MIB on granular activated carbon were evaluated in this study. The coal-based activated carbon was found more effective than other carbons in adsorption of geosmin and 2-MIB. The wood-based virgin activated carbon was less effective than coconut- and coal-based carbon in adsorption nevertheless having larger pore volume and specific surface area than others carbons. The maximum adsorption capacity(X/M) of coal-based activated carbon for geosmin and 2-MIB was $1.2\sim1.9$ and $2.1\sim2.6$ times larger than coconut- and wood-based virgin activated carbon, respectively. Carbon usage rate (CUR) of coal-, coconut- and wood-based virgin activated carbons for geosmin and 2-MIB were 1.72 and 1.44 g/day, 1.72 and 2.05 g/day and 2.12 and 1.90 g/day, respectively. In the evaluation of adsorption isotherm of geosmin and 2-MIB for coal-, coconut- and wood-based virgin activated carbons, k value of 2-MIB was lower than geosmin, It menas 2-MIB is more difficult to remove by activated carbon adsorption than geosmin. The relationship of max. adsorption versus total pore volume of coconut- and wood-based virgin and used activated carbon for geosmin and 2-MIB were $y=264,459\times-79,047(R^2=0.95)$, $y=319,650\times-101,762(R^2=0.93)$.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on biochemical factors in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The abalone were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ${\mu}g/L$ Cd for 4 weeks. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity was decreased in hemolymph of abalone exposed to 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ for 4 weeks compared to the control (P < 0.05). The hemolymph enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were markedly elevated in 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ after 4 weeks. The hemolymph calcium concentrations were significantly decreased in 20 and 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ for 4 weeks. Hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased by Cd. SOD was increased in both 20 and 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ and CAT, in 40 Cd ${\mu}g/L$ after 2 weeks (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the abalone SOD and CAT including PO may serve as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress by Cd. We conclude that a Cd concentration, 40 ${\mu}g/L$ in water may curtail hemolymph homeostasis and anti-oxidative reactions in abalone hepatopancreas. From these results, these biochemical factors may represent a convenient method of monitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal areas.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1999

To search for antioxidative compounds from plant resources, methanol extracts of 45 plant species were investigated using DPPH method. The highest activity was shown in the methanol extract of Acer ginnala($RC_{50}\;:\;15{\mu}g$), followed by Stewartia koreana($RC_{50}\;:\;28{\mu}g$) and Carpinus laxiflora($RC_{50}\;:\;33{\mu}g$). Two antioxidative compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of Acer ginnala Max and identified as acertannin(2, 6-di-O-galloyl-1, 5-anhydro-D-glucitol) and gallicin (methyl-3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) on the basis of mass spectroscopy, $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ data. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities of acertannin($RC_{50}\;:\;3.5{\mu}g$) and gallicin($RC_{50}\;:\;2.8{\mu}g$) were more effective than those of BHA($RC_{50}\;:\;14{\mu}g$) and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ ($RC_{50}\;:\;12{\mu}g$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2012

In other to promote the utilization of native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. as an antioxidant material in functional food, its general composition, free sugars, vitamin C, vitamin E, and anthocyanin content were examined. Free sugars were mainly $2.83{\pm}0.01%$ glucose and $3.49{\pm}0.17%$ fructose. Native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. included higher vitamin C (0.04 g/100 g) and E (0.04 g/100 g) contents than other Rubus coreanus Miq. Anthocyanin was detected to be 2.41 g/100 g. Two extracts from native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq., hot water extract (RCW) and 80% ethanol extract (RCE), were prepared by reflux, filter, and freeze-dry. The phenolic compound levels of RCW and RCE were 5.99% and 6.20%, respectively. In DPPH- and ABTS-radical scavenging activities, and lipid peroxidation formation inhibitory activity, RCE exhibited relatively high activities when compared to RCW (89.29% vs. 65.04%, 47.65% vs. 30.22%, 23.27% vs. 3.6%, respectively). Based upon these results, it is suggested that RCE from native Gwangyang Rubus coreanus Miq. possesses the antioxidant potentials for radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.198-198
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• 1996

Eupatilin은 급성위궤양 모델인 HCl-EtOH model에서 0.3mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며 10mg/kg에서 95% 최대효과를 나타내었고, indomethacin model에서는 0.8mg/kg에서 50% 억제하였으며, 10mg/kg에서 97% 최대억제효과를 나타내었다. Cyclooxygenase-1의 활성은 1.7, 5.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서 prostaglandin E$_2$와 prostacyclin의 생성을 각각 2배 촉진시켰으나, cyclooxygenase-2에 대한 활성에는 영향을 주지 않았다. FMLP로 활성화시킨 호중구에 대한 활성은 0.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg에서 50% 억제하여 oxygen free radical 소거활성을 나타내었고, 반면 xanthine oxidase 및 iron-dependant lipid peroxidation 활성에 대해서는 78.8, 26.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$에서50% 억제를 보였다. 5-lipooxygenase 활성은 2.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 에서 염증매개인자인 leukotriene B$_4$ 생성을 50% 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 애엽추출의 항궤양 효과는 prostaglandin의 생성촉진 및 oxygen free radical 과 leukotriene B4와 같은 공격인자의 생성억제 등의 복합적인 작용에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and whitening activities of Salix gracilistyla extracts. The total polyphenol contents of the extracts were 142.60-151.95 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid contents were 83.43-92.60 mg CE/g. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 30% methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$; $19.68{\mu}g/mL$). Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was similar in all four solvent extracts, and the highest inhibitory activity (35.18%) was obtained at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ of 30% ethanol extract. In addition, methanol extracts did not affect cell viability at all treatment concentrations and were found to significantly reduce the melanin content of B16F10 cells. As a result, it is considered that Salix gracilistyla extracts can be used as an effective cosmetic ingredient having antioxidant and whitening activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.719-730
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• 2014

The hot water extract from Artemisia capillaris fermented with Hericium erinaceum mycelium (AC-HE) were assessed for the protection against oxidative modification of biological macromolecules and cell death. Antioxidant activity of AC-HE evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical and peroxyl radical scavenging assays. AC-HE showed 61.73% DPPH radical scavenging activity at $500{\mu}g/mL$, 97.39% ABTS radical scavenging activity at $250{\mu}g/mL$, and 44.18% peroxyl radical scavenging activity at $100{\mu}g/mL$. AC-HE were shown to significantly inhibited DNA strand breakage induced by peroxyl radical. AC-HE also prevented peroxyl radical-mediated human serum albumin modification. AC-HE effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$ induced cell death and significantly increased of the 11.47% cell survival at $100{\mu}g/mL$. AC-HE also decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. The results suggested that AC-HE can contribute to antioxidant and protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.