• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.158-163
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• 1994

Slightly elevated urinary albumin excretion rate (microalhuminuria) is a marker of early diabectic nephropathy, but it is unclear if the established definition of microalbuminuria ($20-200{\mu}g/min$) is correct for children and adolescents. We investigated th.: albumin excretion rate, albumin/creatinine ratio and urinary albumin concentration in 150 healthy schoolchildren and adolescents to (a) obtain a reterence value for albumin excretion rate, (b) relate albumin excretion to pubertal stages and (c) evaluate albumin/creatinine ratio and morning albumin concentration as screening methods for elevated albumin excretion rate. Albumin concentration was measured by immunoturbidimetry in timed overnight urine samples. The albumin excretion showed a skewed distribution (geometric mean $3.2{\mu}g/min$, 95 percentile ($15.1{\mu}g/min$). In girls. a peak in the albumin excretion rate was found at the pubertal stage 4 (Tanner) and in boys at stage 5. Albumin/creatinine ratio of 2.5 mg/mmol as a screening level for elevated albumin excretion ($15{\mu}g/min$) showed a high positive (0.88) and negative (0.99) predictive value.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2007

Experimental evidence suggests that spin pinning conditions for standing spin mode in polycrystalline $Ni_{84}Fe_{16}$ alloy film, is confirmed using the four categories of Camley et al. and the value of q$\bot$ for the pinning conditions, this was achieved by performing Brillouin light scattering measurements. The value of q$\bot$ was observed, in order to increase at a rate of $\pi$/2 with an increasing mode number. With this condition, the coexistence of standing spin wave modes was shown, with intermediate pinning, in addition to free and strong pinning. The values for spin-wave-stiffness constant ($D_B$), g-factor (g), and surface magnetization (4$\pi$M) of the Permalloy film were obtained from the results of BLS, and determined to be $D_B=1.85{\pm}0.05Oecm^2$, $g=2.11{\pm}0.02$, and 4$\pi$M=8.7 kG, respectively.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2023

Purpose: The precision error of a bone density meter reflects the equipment and reproducibility of results by an examiner. Precision error values can be expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), CV%, and root mean square-SD (RMS-SD). The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) currently recommends using RMS-SD as the precision error value. When a 95% confidence interval is applied, the least significant change (LSC) value is calculated by multiplying the precision error value by 2.77. Exceeding the LSC value reflects a significant difference in measured bone density. Therefore, the LSC value of a bone density equipment is an essential factor for accurately determining a patient's bone density. Accordingly, we aimed to calculate the LSC value of a bone density meter (Lunar iDXA, GE) and compare it with the value recommended by the ISCD. We also assessed whether the value measured by the iDXA equipment was below the LSC value recommended by ISCD. Material and Methods: The bone densities of the lumbar spine and thighs of 30 participants were measured twice, and the LSC values were calculated using the precision calculation tool provided by the ISCD (http://www.iscd.org). To check the reproducibility of the measurement, patients were asked to completely dismount from the equipment after the first measurement; the patient was then repositioned before proceeding with the second measurement. Results: The LSC values derived using the CV% values recommended by the ISCD were 5.3% for the lumbar spine and 5.0% for the thigh. The LSC values measured using our bone density equipment were 2.47% for the lumbar spine and 1.61% for the thigh. The LSC value using RMS-SD was 0.031 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.017 g/cm² for the thigh. Conclusion: that the findings confirm that the CV% value measured using our bone density meter and the LSC value using RMS-SD were maintained very stably. This can be helpful for obtaining accurate measurements during bone density follow-up examinations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2008

배경: 동물조직의 생체조직이식시 이종항원 물질인 알파-갈(${\alpha}$-Galactose) 항원결정인자에 대한 환자의 면역반응에 많은 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 이종 판막 이식 후 체내에서 ${\alpha}$-Galactose에 대하여 면역반응이 발현하는 것으로 알려져 있는 면역글로불린 G, M (IgG, IgM)의 변화를 일반적인 혈액 검사에 의한 혈중 농도를 측정하여 면역반응의 정도를 예측할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 3월부터 2007년 1월까지, 개심술 환자를 대상으로 하여(이종 판막 이식 환자 (실험군, 10명), 이종 장기가 이식되지 않은 환자(대조군, 9명)) 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 환자의 나이는 $10.3{\pm}9.1$세, 체중은 $31.4{\pm}20.3kg$이었다. 환자들에게서 수술 전, 수술 후 2일째, 수술 후 10일째에 일반적인 혈액 채취를 통하여 IgM, G의 혈중 농도를 측정하였다. 수술 이전에 이종 장기가 이식되어있던 환자들과 그렇지 않았던 환자들을 비교하여 면역 글로불린의 수술 전 기저치에 차이가 있는지, 그리고 이러한 이전의 상태가 수술 후 면역 글로불린의 혈중 농도 변화에 영향을 주었는지 통계학적으로 분석하였으며, 얻어진 혈중 농도로 두 군 간에 수술 후 면역 글로불린의 혈중 농도 변화와 정도에 차이가 있는지를 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 술전 이종 장기가 이식되어 있던 환자들과 그렇지 않은 환자들 사이에 면역글로불린의 혈중 농도에는 차이가 없었다(IgG; p-value=1.00, IgM; p-value=0.898). IgG, M 모두 실험군과 대조군 각 군 내에서 수술 전에 비하여 수술 후 2일째 혈중 농도가 감소하였다가 이후 다시 증가하는 일정한 변화의 경향을 보였고, 그 변화 정도가 시간에 따라 통계학적으로 의미 있게 달라졌다. 그러나 실험군과 대조군 사이에는 그 변화의 정도, 경향에 의미있는 차이가 없었다(IgG; p-value=0.393, IgM; p-value=0.193). 결론: 이종조직 판막이식 후 혈액 채취를 통해 얻은 혈중 농도 변화는 이종조직판막 이식을 하지 않는 수술을 받은 환자와 차이가 없었다. 이것은 면역 글로불린의 혈중 농도 변화 정도가 술 후 양 군 간에 차이가 없다기보다는, 일상적인 혈액 채취를 통한 면역 글로불린의 혈중 농도 측정으로는 면역 반응에 의한 면역 글로불린의 변화를 측정하기 어렵기 때문이라고 생각한다. 따라서 이종조직판막이식 후의 이종동물항원에 대한 면역반응의 체내 변화를 관찰하기 위해서는 직접적인 ${\alpha}$-Galactose에 대한 항체의 측정이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.822-822
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• 2000

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.207-229
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• 2020

We establish fixed point and multidimensional fixed point results satisfying generalized (𝜓, 𝜃, 𝜑)-contraction on partially ordered non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. By using this result we obtain the solution for periodic boundary value problems and give an example to show the degree of validity of our hypothesis. Our results generalize, extend and modify several well-known results in the literature.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.309-311
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• 1996

It is analysed the discrepancy about the coronal magnetic field between solar optic and solar radio using magnetic fibril concept with filling factor and fractal structure model. The magnetic field of $\~$ 100 G considered in solar optics is mean value in a large scale, and that of $\~$1000 G in solar should be the value of fine structures inside 'macro' loop.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2010

Quality characteristics of griddled miljeonbyeong containing vegetable juice were assessed by conducting sensory tests and measuring texture and color. When varying amounts of carrot/or spinach juice was added to miljeonbyeong, the sensory preferences of appearance and texture were higher in miljeonbyeong containing a small amount of carrot and spinach vegetable juice, and the preferences of smell and taste were higher in miljeonbyeong containing a large amount of carrot and spinach juice. Overall, preference was highest in miljeonbyeong supplemented with 30 g carrot juice and 10 g spinach juice. Overall preference correlated significantly with appearance (r=0.44) and texture (r=0.47). In miljeonbyeong containing vegetable juice, tensile strength decreased significantly with increasing amounts of carrot juice (34.98~30.82) or spinach juice (40.84~37.07). In all miljeonbyeong samples, tensile strength increased slightly in 1 hour but rapidly increased after 2 hours. Lightness progressively decreased. A-value increased (3.46~9.63) and b-value increased with increasing amounts of vegetable juice added. No difference in the b-value increase was evident between carrot juice (15.19~26.43) and spinach juice(18.19~24.40). Tensile strength was markedly lower in miljeonbyeong amended with carrot juice (34.98~30.82g) or spinach juice (39.05~32.67 g), which contained fat-soluble pigment, as compared with vegetable-free miljeonbyeong (44.81 g), but the addition of beet juice (45.30~44.78 g) containing water-soluble pigment did not lower the tensile strength of miljeonbyeong compared to vegetable juice. In order to improve the texture of miljeonbyeong containing vegetable juice, tensile strength was measured in miljeonbyeong prepared with 30 g carrot juice or 10 g of spinach juice, which produced the highest sensory test scores, and additionally amended with potato starch, corn starch, glutinous rice flour, strong flour or yam powder with a consequent reduction in the content of wheat flour. Improvement was noted in carrot juice-containing samples prepared with 6 g corn starch, 15 g potato starch and 15 g hard wheat flour, and in spinach juice-containing samples prepared with 6 g corn starch, 6 g potato starch, 6 g hard wheat flour and 15 g dried yam powder.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2015

선식은 웰빙식, 건강식으로 아시아인들에게는 인기있는 식품이지만 외국인들에게는 생소한 식품이다. 이에 본 연구는 외국인들의 선호도를 높이기 위하여 선식을 스무디 형태로 제조하고, 그의 특성을 연구하였다. 효소활성을 지니는 선식 제조를 위해서 흑미와 현미는 발아시켜 사용하였는데, 실온에서 24시간 침지시킨 후, 24시간 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발아시켰다. 알파아밀라아제 효소역가는 발아 전후로 약 13~15배 증가하였다. 현미는 발아 전 9.16 CU/g에서 152.63 CU/g로 증가하였고, 흑미는 7.47 CU/g에서 97.96 CU/g으로 증가하였다. 또한 발아현미분말을 엿기름으로 당화시킨 후, 토마토 30 g과 미강 1.5 g을 첨가하여 유산균을 배양하였다. 이때의 최고균체농도가 $1.1{\times}10^9CFU/ml$ 이었고, 이를 동결건조하여 선식에 첨가하였다. 선식음료제조 후 농도가 $1.3{\times}10^5CFU/ml$로 요구르트 스무디 제조를 위한 스타터 농도로 충분하였다. 이를 이용하여 배양한다면, 선식 요구르트 스무디를 제조가 가능하다. 관능평가결과, 선식 음료의 최적 조건으로는 우유 200 ml에 선식 30 g를 혼합한 것을 가장 선호하였다. 이때의 색도는 L 값 : $63.50{\pm}0.41$, a 값 : $-0.35{\pm}0.06$, b 값 : $8.85{\pm}0.19$로 나타났고, 점도는 $5.97{\pm}1.2$ centipoise 이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1784-1794
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• 2004

To study the effects between Cd inhalation toxicity and methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, 4 rat groups were exposed to Cd aerosol by whole-body inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 4 weeks. Cd concentration in air was 0.98㎎/㎥ and mass median diameter(MMD) was 1.78㎛. 3 different dose intraperitoneal injections of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae to 3 inhalation exposure groups applied for 4 weeks and the results were as follows: The highest body weight gain for 4 weeks and food intake per day were from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest lung weight was from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ and the highest liver and kidney weight were from inhalation exposure group Ⅱ(p<0.05). The lowest Cd content in lung was 22.77㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest Cd concentration in blood was 11.71㎍/㎗ from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ(p<0.05). Cd concentrations of 14.87㎍/g in liver and 17.91㎍/g in kidney were the highest from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ(p<0.05). The lowest Cd concentration in liver and kidney were 5.71㎍/g and 3.17㎍/g from the control(p<0.05). For weekly Cd concentration in urine, the highest value was 0.48㎍/㎖ from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ of the 3rd week and inhalation exposure group Ⅰ, Ⅱ of the 4th week. For weekly Cd concentration in feces, the highest value was 0.32㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The highest metallothionein concentration in lung was 89.02㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney were 265.47㎍/g and 214.21㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ, respectively(p<0.05). The highest Hct, Hb, and WBC values were from inhalation exposure group Ⅱ and the highest RBC value was from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). Mostly damaged part in liver tissue was hepatic lobule and the degrees of damage were lessened by the intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae. Proximal, distal convoluted tubules and glomerulus in kidney tissue were mostly damaged part. Degeneration and swelling were partially observed but the degrees of kidney tissue damage were lessened more or less by the intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae.