• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1978

1년생(年生) 수삼근(水蔘根)과 엽병(葉柄)(petiole)으로 조직배양(組織培養)한 callus 양자간(兩者間)의 유효성분(有效成分)인 saponins 및 sapogenins에 관하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (1) 인삼(人蔘)과 callus는 Liebermann-Burchard 반응(反應)에서 양성(陽性)으로 확인(確認)되었다. (2) Ginsenoside $Rx[x=o,a,b_1,b_2,c,e,d,g(f)]$의 Rf치(値)는 거의 일치(一致)하였으며 상대함량비(相對含量比)는 인삼(人蔘)에서 Rb,c : Rg(f)=21.1 : 20.5 (1.03 : 1), Rb,c,d : Re,g(f)=22.8 : 26.9(1 : 1.17)이었으며, callus에서 Rb,c : Rg(f)= 18.2 8.4(2.16 : 1) Rb,c,d : Re,g(f)=19.28 : 31.6(1 : 1.63)이었다. (3) 인삼(人蔘)과 callus의 sapogenins에 있어서 diol; triol, oleanolic acid, ${\beta}-sitosterol$의 Rf치(値)는 거의 일치(一致)하였으며 상대함량비(相對含量比)는 인삼(人蔘)에서 diol : triol = 13.8 : 7.4(1.86 : 1)이었고, callus에서 diol : triol = 19.2 : 7.2(2.66 : 1)이었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Vowels are characterized on the basis of formant patterns. The first formant(F1) is determined by high-low placement of the tongue, and the second formant (F2) by front-back placement of the tongue. The fundamental frequency(F0) of a soprano often exceed the normal frequency of the first formant. And the vocal intensity is boosted when F0 is high and a harmonic coincides with a formant. This is called a formant tuning. Experienced singers thus learned how to tune their formants over a resonable range by lowering the tongue to maximize their vocal intensity. So, the current study aimed to identify the formant tuning in one experienced soprano by comparing the first formants of vowel [i] in three different voice production : speech, ascending scale, and vocalize. Materials and Method : All voices recordings of vowel [i] in speech, ascending scale (from F4 note to A4 note), and vocalize(:Ridente la calam") were made with digital audio tape-corder in a sound treated room. And the captured data were analyzed by the long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab(CSL, Kay elementrics, Model, 4300B). Results : Although the first formant of vowel [i] in speech was 238Hz, those of ascending scale [i] were 377Hz, 405Hz, 453Hz respectively in F4(349z), G4(392Hz), A4(440Hz) note, and 722Hz, 820Hz, 918Hz respectively in F5 (698Hz), G5(784Hz), A5(880Hz) note. In vocalize, first formants of [i] were 380Hz, 398Hz, 453Hz respectively in F4, G4, A4 note, and 720Hz, 821Hz, 890Hz respectively in F5, G5, A5 note. Conclusion : These results showed that the first formant of ascending scale and vocalize sustained higher frequency than fundamental frequency in high pitch. This finding implicates that the formant tuning of vowel [i] in ascending scale was also noted in vocalize.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.775-779
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• 2005

On a compact n-dimensional manifold $M^n$, a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of volume 1, satifies the critical point equation (CPE), given by $Z_g\;=\;s_g^{1\ast}(f)$. It has been conjectured that a solution (g, f) of CPE is Einstein. The purpose of the present paper is to prove that every compact stable minimal hypersurface is in a certain hypersurface of $M^n$ under an assumption that Ker($s_g^{1\ast}{\neq}0$).

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2005

In this paper, we obtain the generalization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability in the sense of Gavruta and Ger of the generalized G-type functional equations of the form $f({{\varphi}(x)) = {\Gamma}(x)f(x)$. As a consequence in the cases ${\varphi}(x) := x+p:= x+1$, we obtain the stability theorem of G-functional equation : the reciprocal functional equation of the double gamma function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

A signed 3-partite graph is a 3-partite graph in which each edge is assigned a positive or a negative sign. Let G(U, V, W) be a signed 3-partite graph with $U\;=\;\{u_1,\;u_2,\;{\cdots},\;u_p\},\;V\;=\;\{v_1,\;v_2,\;{\cdots},\;v_q\}\;and\;W\;=\;\{w_1,\;w_2,\;{\cdots},\;w_r\}$. Then, signed degree of $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$ is $sdeg(u_i)\;=\;d_i\;=\;d^+_i\;-\;d^-_i,\;1\;{\leq}\;i\;{\leq}\;p\;(sdeg(v_j)\;=\;e_j\;=\;e^+_j\;-\;e^-_j,\;1\;{\leq}\;j\;{\leq}q$ and $sdeg(w_k)\;=\;f_k\;=\;f^+_k\;-\;f^-_k,\;1\;{\leq}\;k\;{\leq}\;r)$ where $d^+_i(e^+_j\;and\;f^+_k)$ is the number of positive edges incident with $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$ and $d^-_i(e^-_j\;and\;f^-_k)$ is the number of negative edges incident with $u_i(v_j\;and\;w_k)$. The sequences ${\alpha}\;=\;[d_1,\;d_2,\;{\cdots},\;d_p],\;{\beta}\;=\;[e_1,\;e_2,\;{\cdots},\;e_q]$ and ${\gamma}\;=\;[f_1,\;f_2,\;{\cdots},\;f_r]$ are called the signed degree sequences of G(U, V, W). In this paper, we characterize the signed degree sequences of signed 3-partite graphs.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2006

Beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) are frequently isolated pathogens in clinical microbiology laboratories. Among them, Group C, G and F streptococci infrequently cause respiratory infections, but they often invade other sites. Patients with underlying diseases are prone to be infected by the organisms and some of them can be fatal. Therefore, combination tests of serological and biochemical tests are needed to correct the identification of non-A, B streptococci because to various species belong to this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation rates of strains and distribution of serogroup C, G and F streptococci at Wonju Hospital during the period of 2003-2004. 133 clinical isolates of group C, G and F streptococci were examined. Of them, 13 (9.8%) were group C, 41 (31.8%) were group F, 79 (59.4%) were group G. The prevalent isolation of the strains by serogroup were: group C, Streptococcus constellatus (38.5%); group F, Streptococcus anginosus (56.1%), Streptococcus constellatus (26.9%); group G, Streptococcus anginosus (54.4%), Streptococcus dysgalatiae subsp. equisimilis (26.5%). Overall, the most frequently isolated BHS was Streptococcus anginosus (51.2%).

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2001

The Glycoprotein D (gD) gene of the HSV-1 strain F was cloned, sequenced, recombinated into the HcNPV (Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus) expression vector and expressed in insect cells. The gD gene was located in the 6.43 kb BamHI fragment of the strainF. The open reading frame (ORF) of the gD gene was 1,185 by and codes 394 amino acid residues. Recombinant baculoviruses, GD-HcNPVs, expressing the gD protein were constructed. Spodoptera frugiperda cells, infected with the recombinant virus, synthesized a matured gX-gD fusion protein with an approximate molecular weight of 54 kDa and secreted the gD proteins into the culture media by an immunoprecipitation assay The fusion gD protein was localized on the membrane of the insect cells, seen by using an immunofluorescence assay The deduced amino acid sequence presents additional characteristics compatible with the structure of a viral glycoprotein: signal peptide, putative glycosylation sites and a long C-terminal transmembrane sequence. These results indicate the utility of the HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2014

The triterpenoids contained in four Rubus species (Rosaceae) were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC to select plants with large quantities of niga-ichigoside $F_1$. Unripe fruits, ripe fruits, and leaves were extracted to estimate the quantity of niga-ichigoside $F_1$, together with Rubus-specific $19{\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids, euscaphic acid, tormentic acid, and kaji-ichigoside $F_1$, and a dimeric triterpenoid coreanoside $F_1$. Niga-ichigoside $F_1$ was most abundant in the leaves of R. crataegifolius (23.4 mg/g dry weight). The amount of triterpenoid in the black, ripe fruits of R. coreanus was lower than the unripe fruits of the same plant. On the other hand, the ripe fruits of three plants, R. crataegifolius, R. parvifolius and R. pungens var. oldhami, which are reddish, contained higher or similar level of triterpenoids than their unripe fruits. In addition, the concentration of niga-ichigoside $F_1$ in the ripe fruit of R. crataegifolius was 20.5 mg/g, suggesting that the fruits could be used as a functional food. Methyl gallate and ellagic acid were used as quantitative indices of total tannin. Methyl gallate levels were higher in ripe fruits than unripe fruits in R. crataegifolius, R. pungens var. oldhami, and R. parvifolius. In R. crataegifolius, the quantity of methyl gallate was 30.5 mg/g in ripe fruit, but 1.19 mg/g in unripe fruit.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2015

Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 유도된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 연교의 에탄올 추출물을 1일 1회 7일간 1,000mg/kg.b.w의 용량으로 투여 후 glucose함량과 이에 관여하는 효소(glucokinase(GK), glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH)활성과 glycogen 함량, triglyceride(T.G), total cholesterol등의 지질대사에 관여하는 물질들의 함량을 측정한 결과 연교 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 glucose, T.G, total cholesterol 등의 함량과 G-6-Pase 활성이 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 glycogen 함량과 GK의 활성이 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 연교 에탄올 추출물을 1,000mg/kg.b.w을 당뇨 흰쥐에게 투여한 결과 혈당저하, 지질대사의 개선 효과를 갖는 유효성분을 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.566-573
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• 2007

Flows around two oscillating cylinders in side-by-side arrangement at Re=185 are simulated using an immersed boundary method. The cylinders oscillate vertically in opposite directions in uniform cross-flow. We describe flow patterns, drag and lift forces by varying distance between two cylinders $(1.4{\leq}g{\leq}2.2,\;1.0{\leq}g{\leq}1.8)$ and oscillating frequency ratios $(f_e/f_o=0.8,\;f_e/f_o=1.0\;and\;f_e/f_o =1.2)$. Wake patterns, drag and lift coefficients are affected by both of frequency ratio and gap between two cylinders. Near wakes of each case are classified with the definition of previous studies.