• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 1980

거제${\cdot}$한산만 양식굴 Crassostrea gigas의 에너지 전환 효율을 추정하기 위하여 한 양성 기간인 1979년 7월부터 1980년 4일까지 성장도, 생식 물질 방출량, 패자 형성량, 호흡량, 집단 감모율에 대한 현지 생체 실측 조사를 행하였으며, 연체부의 물질 조성 및 에너지 함량, 패각의 유기 물질 및 생식 물질의 에너지 함량을 각각 측정하고, 호흡량에서 호흡 열량 계수를 사용하여 이화 에너지양을 계산하였다. 이상의 자료에서 동화 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 순 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하고 동화 효율을 측정하여 섭취 에너지양에 대한 연체부 에너지양의 비율로 총 에너지 전환 효율을 계산하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각고(SH) 및 연체부 건조 중량 (DW)의 반월령(t)에 따른 성장도; $$SH=6.33(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)}),\;(0<\leqq10)$$ $$SH=4.44+0.14t,\;(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ $$DW=0.608(1-e^{-0.2421(t+0.54)2.589}),\;(0 $$DW=1.53\times10^{-6}\times(4.44+0.14t)^{7.2},(10{\leqq}t{\leqq}20)$$ 2. 생식물질 방출량(G): $$G=0.0145+(3.95\times10^{-3}{\times}SH^{2.9861}$$ 3. 패각 형성량(SO); $$SO=0.000648{\times}SH^{2.527}$$ 4. 호흡량(R); $$log\;R=(0.0386T-0.5381)+(0.6409-0.0083T){\cdot}log\;DW$$ 5. 연체부 에너지 함량; 3.93(7월)-4.54(4월) Kcal/g, DW(질소 보정에 의한 계산값) 6. 생식 물질의 에너지 함량$(E_G)$: $$E_G,\;Kcal=\frac{1}{4}[0.0149SH^{2.961}+0.0547]$$ 7. 패각 유기물의 에너지 함량$(E_{so})$; $$E_{so},\;Kcal=0.00184SH^{2.527}$$ 8. 호흡 에너지 계수: 3.18(8월)-3.31(4월) cal/mg $O_2$ 9. 집단 총 감모율 : $36\%$ 10. 동화 효율 : $55.5\%(40\~70\%)$ 11. 순 에너지 전환 효율 : $28\%$ 12. 총 에너지 전환효율 : $15.28\%(11\~20\%)$.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 1999

Twelve pure silkworm lines identified based in higher G.C.A values from a line${\times}$Tecter crossing programme, were crossed with twelve breeds showing cocoon shell ratio>22% and hybrids prepared, evaluated in a Multiple index method. Seven hydrids showing average index value>50 in all the 10 economic characters were seclcted and evaluated in the laboratory. However, two hybrids viz., A3${\times}$935E and A3${\times}$916B were finally selected based on the superiority of the breeds in one day shorter larval duration and with and with higher reeling characters compared to control KA${\times}$NB4D2. The breeding procedure involed in evolution hybrids are discussed.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.609-618
• /
• 1994

F. Rhodes [2] introduced the fundamental group $\sigma(X, x_0, G)$ of a transformation group (X,G) as a generalization of the fundamental group $\pi_1(X, x_0)$ of a topological space X and showed a sufficient condition for $\sigma(X, x_0, G)$ to be isomorphic to $\pi_1(X, x_0) \times G$, that is, if (G,G) admits a family of preferred paths at e, $\sigma(X, x_0, G)$ is isomorphic to $\pi_1(X, x_0) \times G$. B.J.Jiang [1] introduced the Jiang subgroup $J(f, x_0)$ of the fundamental group of X which depends on f and showed a condition to be $J(f, x_0)$ = Z(f_\pi(\pi_1(X, x_0)), \pi_1(X, f(x_0)))$.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.93-105
• /
• 1993

The major purpose of this study was to determine the effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases. From the analysis of $SO_2$, $NO_2$ and TSP levels measured at two air pollution monitoring stations(K & E area) of Seoul during Jan. 1988-Dec. 1990, pollution level of K area was higher than E area. Insurance out-patient records for the medical fee reimbusement submitted to the National Federation of Medical Insurance from Jan. to Dec. 1990 were used in order to assess the occurrence of respiratory disease. The results were as follows ; 1. The annual mean levels of $SO_2$, $NO_2$ and TSP in K area were 0.08lppm, O.03lppm and 173.4${\mu}g/m^3$, whereas those of E area were 0.044ppm, 0.02lppm and 146.0 ${\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The mean levels of above three air pollutants between two areas showed difference about 1.2 times-1.8 times by air pollutant. 2. The monthly out-patient incidence rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, chronic bronchitis and asthma in K area were higher when compared with those of E area. The monthly out-patient incidence rates of above three chronic respiratory disease of two areas studied showed statistically significant difference about 1.3 times, 2.7 times, 1.4 times respectively. No difference were, however, shown in acute respiratory infections. 3. Highest incidence rates of out-patients could be observed among the group of children less than 10 years old, while adult out-patient incidence rates increased as age increased. 4. The relation between air pollution and chronic respiratory disease was obvious especially, the strongly significant correlation was observed between $NO_2$ and chronic bronchitis.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2023

Amifostine was developed to protect cells, but it is known to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated how the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system interacts with p53 to prevent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cytoprotective effects induced by amifostine. HCT116 colon cancer cells sublines HCT116/p53+,HCT116/p53+, HCT116/p53-, HCT116/E6 and HCT116+ch3/E6 cells were used for evaluation. Amifostine induced G1 arrest and increased toxicity two-fold in p53- cells regardless of MMR expression. Both G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of p53 protein peaked at 24 h after the start of amifostine exposure. Both G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of p53 protein peaked at 24 h after the start of amifostine exposure. Amifostine induced the expression of p21 protein in both p53+ and p53- cells. As for apoptosis, compared to p53- cells, p53+ cells showed 3.5~4.2 times resistance to amifostine-induced apoptosis. HCT116+E6 with both p53 and MMR loss showed maximum apoptosis at 48 h, and HCT116+ch3/E6HCT116+ch3/E6 with p53 loss showed maximum apoptosis at 24 h. As a result, it was confirmed through in vitro experiments that amifostine-induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are mediated through a pathway dependent on MMR and p53 protein.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2005

메밀종자와 메밀나물의 영양성분 및 유용성분을 비교 분석하여, 식품개발 소재로서 메밀나물의 이용성을 증대시키는 기초자료로 삼고자 하였다. 메밀종자를 7일간 발아시켜 메밀나물을 수확한 후, 동결건조하여 분석용 시료로 사용하였다. 건물량 기준으로 메밀나물의 조단백, 조지방, 회분함량은 각각 20.8, 1.3 그리고 2.6%이었다. 메밀나물의 주된 아미노산은 glutamic acid(2,764 mg/100 g)와 aspartic acid(1,698 mg/100 g)이었다. 발아를 통해 tryptophan이 약 1.9배, alanine과 tyrosine이 약 1.8배, histidine이 약 1.7배정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 메밀나물의 주된 지방산은 iinoleic acid(45.9%)와 oleic acid(18.4%)이었다. 메밀종자가 발아되어 메밀나물로 성장하는 가운데 stearic acid(18:0)가 21%, oleic acid(18:1)가 약 50% 감소된 반면 linoleic acid(18:2)와 linolenic acid(18:3)가 각각 1.3배,5.4배 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다 메밀나물의 칼슘함량은 152.0 mg/100 g, 아연 9.9 mg/100 g, 마그네슘 485.0 mg/100 g, 철분 5.4 mg/100 g이었다. 메밀나물의 비타민 A, C and E 함량은 건물량 기준으로 각각 1,180 IU/100 g, 203 mg/100 g 그리고 32.1 mg/100 g이었다. 특히 $\alpha$-tocopherol 함량은 메밀종자에 비해 27.5배나 높았다. 메밀나물의 rutin 함량은 343.67 mg/100 g로 메밀종자보다 약 18배 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2004

Soybean curd residues (SCR) obtained from hot and cold manufacturing processes were fermented by indigenous microorganisms, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LS and Bacillus firmus NA-l for 15 h at 37$^{\circ}C$. The pH, acidity, viable cell counts, and tyrosine content were evaluated in samples with variations in sugar, starter and type of SCR. The raw Doowon SCR (D-SCR, cold-processed) fermented by indigenous microorganism had a 0.9% acidity and 6.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{7}$ CFU/g viable cell counts, compared with the 0.11 % acidity and 6.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ CFU/g viable cell counts of raw fermented Pulmuwon SCR (P-SCR, hot-processed). After fermentation of raw P-SCR with 1 % glucose and 1 % L. rhamnosus LS starter, the viable cell counts, tyrosine content and acidity were 4.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{8}$ CFU/g, 16.3 mg% and 0.9%, respectively. In addition, the raw P-SCR fermented with Bacillus firmus NA-l as co-starter had a 0.45% acidity, 2.4 ${\times}$ 10$^{8}$ CFU/g lactic acid bacteria, and 3.3 ${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ CFU/g Bacillus sp. In particular, the tyrosine content was increased 5 fold. The drying of fermented SCR was completed by hot-air drying (5$0^{\circ}C$) within 12 h; the dried P-SCR and D-SCR had 1.8 ${\times}$ 10$^{7}$ CFU/g and 5.3 ${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ CFU/g viable cell counts, respectively. The concentrate of methanol extract from fermented D-SCR inhibited the initial cell growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in liquid culture.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2009

The phase-shift method and correlation constants, i.e., the unique electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques for studying the linear relationship between the behavior ($-{\varphi}$ vs. E) of the phase shift ($90^{\circ}{\geq}-{\varphi}{\geq}0^{\circ}$) for the optimum intermediate frequency and that ($\theta$ vs. E) of the fractional surface coverage ($0{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}1$), have been proposed and verified to determine the Langmuir, Frumkin, and Temkin adsorption isotherms of H and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic parameters at noble metal (alloy)/aqueous solution interfaces. At a Zr/0.2 M ${H_2}{SO_4}$ aqueous solution interface, the Frumkin and Temkin adsorption isotherms ($\theta$ vs. E), equilibrium constants (K = $1.401{\times}10^{-17}\exp(-3.5{\theta})mol^{-1}$ for the Frumkin and K = $1.401{\times}10^{-16}\exp(8.1{\theta})mol^{-1}$ for the Temkin adsorption isotherm), interaction parameters (g = 3.5 for the Frumkin and g = 8.1 for the Temkin adsorption isotherm), rates of change of the standard free energy (r = $8.7\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for g = 3.5 and r = $20\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for g = 8.1) of H with $\theta$, and standard free energies ($96.13{\leq}{\Delta}G^0_{\theta}{\leq}104.8\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for K = $1.401{\times}10^{-17}\exp(-3.5{\theta})mol^{-1}$ and $0{\leq}{\theta}{\leq}1$ and ($94.44<{\Delta}G^0_{\theta}<106.5\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ for K = $1.401{\times}10^{-16}\exp(-8.1{\theta})mol^{-1}$ and $0.2<{\theta}<0.8$) of H are determined using the phase-shift method and correlation constants. At 0.2 < $\theta$ < 0.8, the Temkin adsorption isotherm correlating with the Frumkin adsorption isotherm, and vice versa, is readily determined using the correlation constants. The phase-shift method and correlation constants are probably the most accurate, useful, and effective ways to determine the adsorption isotherms of H and related electrode kinetic and thermodynamic parameters at highly corrosion-resistant metal/aqueous solution interfaces.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.657-664
• /
• 1993

우리나라 육계산업을 저해하는 중요한 질병중의 하나가 닭의 맹장콕시듐증이다. 그 병원체는 Eimeria tenella로서 병아리에 감염하면 증체저하와 폐사율이 높기 때문에 양계농가에 커다란 경제적 손실을 준다. 닭의 맹장콕시듐증을 효과적으로 관리하기 위하여 몇가지 예방백신의 개발을 시도하여 왔으며 근래에는 재조합 DNA기법을 이용, Escherichia coli를 매체로 제조한 항원으로 닭에 방어력을 부여시키고자 하는 방법과 조기발육형원충의 작출법에 의하여 생산된 약독원충으로 면역을 부여하는 방법 등에 관한 연구를 진행하고 있으나 아직 만족할만한 성과를 이루지 못하였다. 본 시험에서는 약독원충을 이용하여 닭 맹장콕시듐증에 대한 저항성을 부여하고자 하였다. 콕시듐증의 병원체인 E tenella에 Cobalt-60 감마선을 조사한 원충 또는 그 원충을 SPF병아리에 계대증식시켜 회수한 오오시스트로 병아리에 접종하고 체내발육상태와 병원성을 조사하였으며, 면역접종한 후 병원성이 강한 원충의 공격접종에 대한 방어효과를 관찰한 성적은 다음과 같다. 원충감염 닭의 생잔율, 증체량, 혈변도 및 병변도 등에 대한 효과에서 감마선 100Gy로 조사한 E tenella를 접종한 것이 가장 좋았으며, 접종량은 1대 계대한 오오시스트 약 10,000개를 접종한 것이 좋았다. 면역접종한 후 공격접종한 결과 계대원충접종군은 혈변도 및 병변도가 낮게 나타났으며, 최대 오오시스트 배설수(OPG)는 103,900으로서 공격접종대조군의 1,658,900에 비하여 현저하게 낮았으나 적혈구용적율은 계대원충접종군이 가장 높았다. 공격접종한 닭의 1주 및 2주 후의 증체량은 계대원충접종군이 2.6g 및 155.4g으로서 공격접종대조군의 -85.8g 및 63.6g보다 좋았으며, 사료요구율도 계대원충접종군이 3.28로서 공격접종대조군의 5.60보다 낮았다. 생잔율은 계대원충접종군이 100%로서 공격접종대조군의 87.0%와 비교하면 방어효과가 있었다. 계대원충접종군의 항콕시듐 지수는 70.5로서 공격접종대조군의 -81.9에 비하면 현저하게 높았다. 그러므로 맹장콕시듐 원충은 감마선 조사가 병원성을 저하시키고 계대수가 증가할수록 병원성은 약간 증가하지만 공격접종에 대한 방어효과가 높아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 병원성이 있는 원충이 면역원성도 좋으며 앞으로 면역원성이 유지되며 병원성이 없는 원충의 선발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 2005

This study compared the activity of the aerial part of P. japonicum with its root in order to examine the possibility of the medicinal use of the aerial part, which has not been used as medicine, in substitute for the root that has traditionally been used as medicine. For this purpose, the author measured the proliferation of Human $CD4^-$ T cells, which are related to immunity, the differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the contents of IL-6, IgE and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and compared their anti-cancer effect on Hep3B and A549 cells. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As for Human $CD4^-$ T cells, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the aerial part promoted the proliferation of the cells 1.8 times higher while $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the root did by 1.76 times higher compared to the control group. 2. As for HL-60 cells, methanol extract and water extract from the aerial part showed differentiation 1.14 times higher and 1.12 times higher respectively while methanol extract and water extract from the root did 1.14 times higher and 1.07 times higher compared to tile control group. 3. Cell density was highest on Day 4 of culture in all samples, Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed activities of $7.9{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.5{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did activities of $5.3{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.1{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$. 4. The secretion of IL-6 was highest on Day 4 of culture. Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed secretions of $6.7{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.2{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did secretions of as high as $7.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$. 5. As for the production of IgE, water extract from the root effectively inhibited the product at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract from the root at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, water extract from the aerial at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and methanol extract from the aerial part at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 6. According to the result of measuring the content of $TNF-{\alpha}$, methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effect at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 7. As for liver cancer cell Hep3B, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 78% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 56% and 59%. 8. As for lung cancer cell A549, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 75% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 48% and 45%. The results of this study presented above show that the aerial part of P. japonicum has immunizing and anti-cancer effects as high as its root, which has commonly been used as medicine. There should be more in-depth research on the aerial part of P. japonicum in the future.