• 제목/요약/키워드: Fungal isolation

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섬유소-펙틴 분해력이 있는 새로운 Aspergillus tubingensis의 분리와 특성 규명 (Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Aspergillus tubingensis with a Hydrolyzing Activity of Cellulose-pectin Complex)

  • 김영민;서원숙;홍진영;최홍서;김주환
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.124-128
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    • 2003
  • 대전광역시 근교의 야산과 들판 등지에서 썩은 나뭇잎, 짚, 흙을 채취하여 각각을 배양한 다음 Congo red test에 의해 cellulase 활성을 보이는 균주를 선별하였다. Genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR을 수행하여 DNA sequence를 Gene Bank를 통해 분석한 결과 A. tubingensis로 밝혀졌다. 이것을 배양하여 상등액을 crude enzyme으로 사용하여 온도와 pH를 달리하면서 효소의 활성정도를 측정하였다. 대조균주로 A. oryzae KCTC 6291를 이용하였고, 본 연구를 통하여 분리한 균주인 A. tubingensis가 생산하는 cellulase는 A. oryzae의 cellulase에 비하여 각각 다른 온도와 pH에서 높은 안정성을 보여주었다. A. tubingensis는 각각의 온도에서 활성의 정도가 비슷했으며, 45$^{\circ}C$, 55$^{\circ}C$에서 높은 활성을 나타내고 있지만, 고르게 활성이 나타났다. 또한 pH 12.0에서 가장 높은 활성을 보여 주었고, pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0에서는 양쪽 모두 거의 활성이 없었으며, 중성, 염기성에 대해서 활성에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 따라서, 분리 동정한 A. tubingensis는 온도와 pH에서 고르게 활성을 나타내므로 생균제로 활용할 수 있는 범위가 클 것으로 여겨진다.

Isolation and Characterization of Dikaryotic Mutants from Pleurotus ostreatus by UV Irradiation

  • Joh, Joong-Ho;Kim, Beom-Gi;Kong, Won-Sik;Yoo, Young-Bok;Chu, Kyo-Sun;Kim, Nam-Kuk;Park, Hye-Ran;Cho, Bong-Gum;Lee, Chang-Soo
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.88-94
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    • 2004
  • Protoplasts of the wild type strain of Pleurotus osteatus were mutagenized with UV light, and 3,000 colonies were examined for abnormal mycelial and fruiting phenotypes. Forty one strains displayed variant phenotypes in mycelia and fruiting processes. The variant phenotypes were classified into 6 groups: (1) auxotrophic strains, which are incapable of growing on minimal media and can only grow when provided with their specific requirements; (2) abnormal vegetative strains, which grow very slowly on minimal and complete media; (3) primordiumless strains, which fail to develop to the formation of primordia; (4) maturationless strains, which form primordia, but do not form mature fruiting bodies; (5) specifically colored strains, which have Specific bluish grey or bluish white pileus; (6) poorly spored strains, which fail to produce basidiospore or which produce few spores. These variant strains may be useful in genetic breeding programs and for the studies of fungal development and genetics.

Penicillium menonorum: A Novel Fungus to Promote Growth and Nutrient Management in Cucumber Plants

  • Babu, Anam Giridhar;Kim, Sang Woo;Yadav, Dil Raj;Hyum, Umyong;Adhikari, Mahesh;Lee, Youn Su
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2015
  • The present study is the first report on the isolation of Penicillium menonorum from rhizosphere soil in Korea and its identification based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer gene sequence. The fungal isolate was named KNU-3 and was found to exhibit plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity through indole acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, as well as P solubilization. KNU-3 produced 9.7 mg/L IAA and solubilized 408 mg of $Ca_3PO_4/L$, and inoculation with the isolate significantly (p < 0.05) increased the dry biomass of cucumber roots (57%) and shoots (52%). Chlorophyll, starch, protein, and P contents were increased by 16%, 45%, 22%, and 14%, respectively, compared to plants grown in uninoculated soil. The fungus also increased soil dehydrogenase (30%) and acid phosphatase (19%) activities. These results demonstrate that the isolate KNU-3 has potential PGP attributes, and therefore it can be considered as a new fungus to enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. Moreover, the discovery of PGP ability and traits of this fungus will open new aspects of research and investigations. In this study, plant growth promotion by P. menonorum KNU-3 is reported for the first time in Korea after its original description.

Characterization of the Genes Involved in Induced Systemic Resistance in Cucumber Plants

  • Kim, Mi-Seong;Cho, Song-Mi;Im, Yang-Ju;Kim, Young-Cheol;Yang, Kwang-Yeol;Lee, Myung-Chul;Kim, Kwang-Sang;Cho, Baik-Ho
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.216-219
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    • 2007
  • Root colonization by a rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, elicited induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the leaves of cucumber plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens. To understand the role of unique genes during strain O6-mediated ISR, a suppressive subtractive hybridization method was undertaken and led to isolation of twenty-five distinct genes. The transcriptional levels of all the genes showed an increase much earlier under O6 treatment than in water control plants only after challenge with pathogen, while no difference detected on the plants without pathogen challenge. This suggests that O6-mediated ISR is associated with the priming phenomenon, an enhanced capacity for the rapid and effective activation of cellular defense responses after challenge inoculation.

Isolation and Characterization of Airborne Mushroom Damaging Trichoderma spp. from Indoor Air of Cultivation Houses Used for Oak Wood Mushroom Production Using Sawdust Media

  • Kim, Jun Young;Kwon, Hyuk Woo;Lee, Dong Hyeung;Ko, Han Kyu;Kim, Seong Hwan
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.674-683
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    • 2019
  • Some species of the Trichoderma genus are reported as the major problem in oak wood mushroom production in Korea. In spite of economic loss by the fungi, scientific information on airborne Trichoderma species is not much available. To generate information for disease management development we analyzed airborne Trichoderma. A total of 1,063 fungal isolates were purely obtained from indoor air sampling of cultivation houses used for oak wood mushroom using sawdust media. Among the obtained isolates, 248 isolates were identified as Trichoderma fungi including T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, and T. pseudokoningii, by morphological and molecular analysis. T. harzianum was dominant among the four identified species. All the four Trichoderma species grew fast on solid nutrient media tested (potato dextrose agar [PDA], malt extract agar [MEA], Czapek's Dox + yeast extract agar [CYA] and cornmeal dextrose agar). Compact mycelia growth and mass spore production were better on PDA and CYA. In addition, T. harzianum and T. citrinoviride formed greenish and yellowish mycelium and spores on PDA and CYA. Greenish and yellowish pigment was saturated into PDA only by T. pseudokoningii. These four Trichoderma species could produce extracellular enzymes of sawdust substrate degradation such as β-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease. Their mycelia inhibited the growth of oak wood mushroom mycelia of two tested cultivars on dual culture assay. Among of eleven antifungal agents tested, benomyl was the best to inhibit the growth of the four Trichoderma species. Our results demonstrate that the airborne Trichoderma fungi need to be properly managed in the cultivation houses for safe mushroom production.

이엽마두령(Aristolochia tagala Champ.)추출물로부터 균핵병 병원균(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)에 대한 항균 활성물질 탐색 (Isolation of Antimicrobial Active Substance from Aristolochia tagala Champ. against Sclerotial Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum))

  • 김현상;손진한;최용화
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.951-962
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 균핵병의 원인균인 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 대해 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 이엽마두령(Aristolochia tagala Champ.)으로부터 활성물질 분리하였다. 이엽마두령을 MeOH로 추출하여 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타낸 $CHCl_3$ fraction을 column chromatography로 분리하여 43개의 subfraction을 얻었다. 43개의 subfraction을 bioassay한 결과 MYHS26 subfraction에서 강한 활성을 나타내었다. MYHS26 subfraction을 GC-MS로 분석하여 chromatogram 상의 주요 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling한 결과, 2,4-di-tetra-butyl-phenol, 2-monopalmitin, 1-mono-stearin이 주요 물질로 검출되었다. 항균활성물질로 추정되는 1-mono-stearin 화합물의 항균활성을 검정하기 위하여 표준품을 사용하여 생물검정한 결과 이 화합물이 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 이엽마두령으로부터 분리한 1-mono-stearin 화합물이 균핵병의 원인균인 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 대한 항균 활성물질인 것으로 추정되었다.

장염을 나타낸 bearded dragon의 분변에서 Pichia burtonii의 분리 (Isolation of Pichia burtonii from the Feces of an Enteritis Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps))

  • 강효민;한재익;이숙진;장해진;나기정
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.254-257
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    • 2011
  • 2년령 bearded dragon이 활력 감소 및 식욕 부진으로 충북대학교 동물의료센터에 내원하였다. 분변 검사 결과 다수의 세균과 함께 효모의 증식이 관찰되어 장염으로 진단되었다. 진균 배양 및 분자생물학적 진균 동정 결과 증식된 효모는 Pichia (P.) burtonii로 확인되었다. 치료는 ketoconazole과 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole을 3일간 경구 투여하였다. 치료 3일 후 분변 내 효모는 사라졌으며, 이후 환자는 회복되었다. 본 증례와 사람에서의 보고를 종합하면 P. burtonii 는 장염이 있는 bearded dragon의 기회성 병원체로 추정된다. 또한 본 증례는 bearded dragon에서의 P. burtonill의 과증식에 대한 최초의 보고이다.

Isolation of Bacteria Associated with the King Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii

  • Lim, Yun-Jung;Ryu, Jae-San;Shi, Shanliang;Noh, Won;Kim, Eon-Mi;Le, Quy Yang;Lee, Hyun-Sook;Ro, Hyeon-Su
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2008
  • Eight distinct bacteria were isolated form diseased mycelia of the edible mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the isolates belonged to a variety of bacterial genera including Bacillus (LBS5), Enterobacter (LBS1), Sphingomonas (LBS8 and LBS10), Staphylococcus (LBS3, LBS4 and LBS9) and Moraxella (LBS6). Among them, 4 bacterial isolates including LBS1, LBS4, LBS5, and LBS9 evidenced growth inhibitory activity on the mushroom mycelia. The inhibitory activity on the growth of the mushroom fruiting bodies was evaluated by the treatment of the bacterial culture broth or the heat-treated cell-free supernatant of the broth. The treatment of the culture broths or the cell-free supernatants of LBS4 or LBS9 completely inhibited the formation of the fruiting body, thereby suggesting that the inhibitory agent is a heat-stable compound. In the case of LBS5, only the bacterial cell-containing culture broth was capable of inhibiting the formation of the fruiting body, whereas the cell-free supernatant did not, which suggests that an inhibitory agent generated by LBS5 is a protein or a heat-labile chemical compound, potentially a fungal cell wall-degrading enzyme. The culture broth of LBS1 was not inhibitory. However, its cell-free supernatant was capable of inhibiting the formation of fruiting bodies. This indicates that LBS1 may produce an inhibitory heat-stable chemical compound which is readily degraded by its own secreted enzyme.

전쟁기념관내 문화재 보존을 위한 환경요인으로서의 미생물의 분포 (Microbial Distribution as an Environmental Factor for the Conservation of Cultural Properties in the War Memorial in Korea)

  • 최윤정;임선기;민경희
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 1998
  • 전쟁기념관내 문화재 보존을 위한 환경요인으로서 미생물 분포를 낙하법과 공기포집기를 사용하여 조사하였다. 기념관내의 전시실 입구와 내부 그리고 수장고의 공중진균류 분포는 관람객 출입에 의한 공기의 유통이 심한 전시실이 관람객의 출입이 없는 수장고내보다 높게 나타났다. 전시실에서의 관람객이 많은 관람기간 동안의 미생물의 분포는 휴관일보다 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 미생물은 관람객의 이동에 따라 전시실내로 공기의 흐름과 함께 유입되어 들어온다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 기념관내에서 분리된 진균류는 19종이었으며, 고온성 진균은 1종인 Neurospors crassa로 동정되었다. 분리된 진균류의 대부분은 섬유소 문화재에 손상을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

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Cellulomonas fimi의 분리(分離) 및 동정(同定), cellulase 특성(特性)과 톱밥의 Ethanol 전환(轉換) (Isolation and Identification of Cellulomonas fimi, Characteristics of its Cellulase and Conversion of the Sawdust into Ethanol)

  • 이찬용;이계호
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.98-105
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    • 1985
  • 소와 양의 Rumen에서 Hungate's roll tube 방법에 의해 통성 혐기성 섬유소 분해세균을 분리하였다. 가장 강한 섬유소 분해력을 갖는 균주를 선발하여 형태학적 배양학적 생리학적 특성 및 전자현미경사진을 검토하여 Cellulomonas fimi C-14으로 동정(同定)하였다. 분리된 C. fimi C-14의 균생육 및 효소생산은 $30^{\circ}C$, pH6.5에서 최대이었으며, 그의 조효소(組酵素)는 pH6.0, $40^{\circ}C$에서 최대 역가를 보였으며 그 $C_1,\;C_x,\;{\beta}-glucosidase$의 Activity 는 20.6, 227.6, 0.56 $(unit{\times}10^3/ml)$ 이었다. 곰팡이 Cellulase의 첨가로 Enzyme Activity가 증가하였으며, 현사시나무의 톱밥을 기질로 하여, 분리균과 S. cerevisiae DY2를 접종하여 Ethanol 발효생산시 ${\beta}-glucosidase$의 첨가로 상승효과를 보였으며, 이단계 발효법보다 동시 당화 발효법에 의한 Ethanol 생산이 더 좋았다.

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