• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 1992

This investigation is designed to illustrate the clinical features '||'&'||' preoperative diagnosis, surgical role in the management of pulmonary aspergilloma, '||'&'||' compare with the previous study. We reviewed 42 cases of surgically treated pulmonary aspergillosis from Jan. 1984 to July 1992. The peak age incidence laid in the 2nd '||'&'||' 3rd decade of 25 cases[59.5%]. The 41 cases[97.6%] had a history of treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs under impression of pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common complaint was hemoptysis in 28 cases[66.7%]. The 21 cases showed so called "Air-meniscus sign" on the preoperative chest X-ray. As a preoperative diagnostic modality, the positivity was 30.0%, 57.8%, 88.5% on the fungus culture of sputum for Aspergillus, Chest CT, serum immunodiffusion test for A. fumigatus, respectively. The 37 cases[88.1%] can be diagnosed as pulmonary aspergillosis pre-operatively by any diagnostic method. The anatomical location of aspergilloma was mainly upper lobe in 17 cases[40.5%] '||'&'||' the majority of cases were managed by lobectomy. The postoperative pathologic findings showed that 18 cases[41.0%] were combined with tuberculosis '||'&'||' 15 cases[34.1%] were not combined with any other disease[Pr imary Aspergillosis]. The 6 cases showed postoperative empyema including 4 cases of bronchopleural fistula, 3 cases showed postoperative bleeding. One case was died postoperatively due to respiratory failure. In conclusion, when the patient who has longstanding history fo pulmonary tuberculosis '||'&'||' hemoptysis, must be suspected fungal super infection. The resectional surgery is the treatment of choice for symptomatic localized disease. And compare with the previous study, preop. chest CT '||'&'||' immunodiffusion test were more commonly available '||'&'||' showed high positivity.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2007

The number of children patients with tinea pedis and onychomycosis diagnosed on clinical findings and culture at the Catholic Dermatological Clinic in Daegu City were 144,446 for 2 years from January 2005 to December 2006. 120 children were suspected of having clinical onychomycosis or tinea pedis. KOH smears and cultures on the Potato corn meal dextrose agars (PDCA) were done for the suspected toe webs, nails and uninvolved neighbor toe webs. Socks were dusted and cultured to check contamination of clothes. Family infections were checked by questionnaire. The incidence was 92 (0.06%) out of 144,446 outpatients in tinea pedis, 28 (0.02%) in onychomycosis. Trichophyton(T.) rubrums were isolated from all of the 7 cases of onychomycosis. T. mentagrophytes was isolated from 5 cases of the tinea pedis patients and T. rubrum was isolated from 50 (92.5%) cases of the tinea pedis. The right side was predominant for onychomycosis of both toe nails (23 of 25) and finger nails (3 of 3). No fungal elements were detected from normal looking neighbor toe webs by KOH examinations. However, culture on PDCA agars showed T. rubrum isolates from 3 toe webs. 7 showed positive cultures from the socks. From the questionnaire, 94 had family infections.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.376-378
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• 2012

Aflatoxin M1, ingested as aflatoxin B1 via contaminated feedstuff and later converted into, is a major problematic target for milk safety control among the aflatoxin class. Korean government has controlled level of AFM1 in milk at 500 ppt as maximum residue level (MRL), and more recently, government also publicized the proposal for more strict control on fungal toxins about infant and baby foods. In this study the levels of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of 42 marketed milk samples were determined with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to evaluate the status on the contamination of Aflatoxin M1. The evaluated ELISA performances of limit of detection (LOD) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) were 5 pg/mL (ppt) and 49 ppt, respectively. In all 42 samples, AFM1 appeared above the 5 ppt, with the average of 21 ppt and the range of up to 90 ppt. Only 3 (7%) of samples showed the level of contamination above the EU MRL (50 ppt). Although there was incidence of higher level of contamination compared with previous reports, the result of this study requires more intensive study to control of AFM1 in milk and infant foods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

Background: Evidence shows that fluconazole prophylaxis is an effective treatment against invasive fungal infections in preterm neonates, however, the most efficient schedule of fluconazole prophylaxis for the colonization and mortality of invasive candidiasis (IC) is unknown. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficiency of different prophylactic fluconazole schedules in controlling IC colonization, infection, and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "candida," "invasive candidiasis," "IC," "fluconazole prophylaxis," "preterm infants," "very low birth weight infants," "VLBW," "extremely low birth weight," and "ELBW." Results: Mortality was significantly decreased in a meta-analysis of studies using different fluconazole prophylaxis regimens. The meta-analysis also indicated a significant decrease in the incidence of IC-associated mortality in ELBW infants using the same fluconazole prophylaxis schedules. Conclusion: Future studies should explore the effectiveness of other different fluconazole prophylaxis schedules on IC colonization, infection, and mortality.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2018

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export crop and source of income in Tanzania. However, its productivity is challenged by insect pests and diseases. Cashew Leaf and Nut Blight Disease (CLNBD) caused by Cryptosporipsis spp. has been cited as one of the most devastating diseases in Tanzania. Studies were conducted to investigate incidences and severities of CLNBD on cashew in farmers' fields and elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 in eastern and southern zones of Tanzania. Furthermore, a screen house experiment was conducted to screen these hybrids against CLNBD at Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Mtwara, Tanzania. The results indicated significant differences (P<0.001) in CLNBD incidences and severities in cashew in farmers' fields across Bagamoyo, Nachingwea and Mtwara districts. Further, there were significant differences (P<0.001) among hybrids in CLNBD severities in the screen house experiment. In ranking the elite cashew hybrids, 38 were tolerant and 14 were susceptible to CLNBD. This observation suggests that elite cashew hybrids developed in 1996 and 1998 are more tolerant to CLNBD compared to cashew found in farmers' fields. These findings strongly suggest that the elite cashew hybrids can be recommended for commercial farming in Tanzania.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

옻나무 주성분인 조추출액의 고추 탄저병균에 대한 항진균활성을 조사한 결과 1.0 mg urushiol/mL PDA 농도에서 18.3-39.5%의 억제효과가 있었으며, 푸른 고추에 병원성이 강한 것으로 조사된 GC계열의 균주보다는 DC계열의 균주에 대한 효과가 높았다. Urushiol의 농도가 1.0 mg/mL 일 경우 약 70% 정도의 포자가 발아한 PDB 용액에서보다 공시 모든 균주의 포자발아는 50% 이상 억제되었다. 동일한 농도에서 균사생장억제 효과 보다는 포자발아에 대한 억제 효과가 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 푸른 고추와 붉은 고추에 옻 추출액을 처리하고 공시 탄저병균을 접종한 후 병 발생 억제효과를 in vitro에서 검정한 결과 붉은 고추에 DC 균주를 접종하였을 경우 1.0 mg/mL 농도 처리에서는 75.0%, 0.1 mg/mL 농도 처리에서는 58.0% 로 나타났으며, 푸른고추에 병원성이 강한 GC 균주를 접종하였을 경우에는 각각 68.1% 및 28.3% 탄저병 발생이 억제되었다. 비닐하우스에서 관행재배방법에 의해 고추를 재배하면서 고추 탄저병이 자연발생하기 시작한 8월 21부터 옻 추출액을 1주일 간격으로 3회 살포하고 최종 살포일 7일 후에 전체 고추 열매 중 이병 열매를 조사하여 옻 추출액의 병 발생 억제정도를 구한 결과 1차 조사한 9월 11일에는 무처리 대조구에 비해 옻 조 추출액을 1.0 mg/mL 처리한 시험구에서는 85.0% 탄저병 발생 억제효과를 보였으나, 0.01 mg/mL 처리구에서는 9.8%의 낮은 억제효과를 보였다. 9월 11일 조사 후 이병 열매를 모두 제거한 다음 동일한 방법으로 옻 추출액을 계속처리하고 10월 2일에 조사한 결과 1차 조사 시기보다 대조구의 이병과율이 훨씬 낮은 7.0% 였으며, 옻 추출액 처리효과는 공시 처리 농도별로 각각 60.0, 54.3 및 10.0%로 조사되었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2012

Background: Amphotericin B is a mainstay in the treatment of many systemic fungal infections due to its wide antifungal spectrum and low incidence of resistance. However, the use of amphotericin B is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of renal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of conventional amphotericin B (Fungizone$^{(R)}$). In addition, we compared the changes of serum creatinine (SCr) between patients who remained conventional amphotericin B and patients who were switched to liposomal amphotericin B after occurrence of renal adverse reactions. Methods: Adult hospitalized patients who reported renal adverse reactions caused by conventional amphotericin B from January 2011 to July 2012 at pharmacovigilance center in Yonsei University Healthcare System included in this study. ADRs scored as 'doubtful' in Naranjo probability ADR scale were excluded. We retrospectively analyzed patients' basic clinical characteristics, concurrent diseases or nephrotoxic drugs in order to find variables that can correlate with occurrence of renal ADRs. Changes in SCr were compared between conventional amphotericin B group and liposomal amphotericin B group. Results: A total of 231 ADRs after administration of conventional amphotericin B in 75 patients were reported to pharmacovigilance center and assessed their severities as 'possible', 'probable', or 'definite'. Renal adverse reaction was the most common ADR with incidence rate of 42% (96 of 231 ADRs). Mean change in SCr from baseline was 0.26 mg/dL (change % 37.8) and statistically significant (p=0.000). Simple correlations analysis revealed that the number of concurrent diseases and number of nephrotoxic drugs were positively correlated with changes in SCr, but these results were not statistically significant. Among 43 patients who remained amphotericin B after occurrence of renal ADRs, 27 patients was administered conventional amphotericin B and 16 patients changed to liposomal amphotericin B. Mean change in SCr in amphotericin B group was 0.23 mg/dL (32.75%), whereas mean change in SCr in liposomal amphotericin B group were -0.28 mg/dL (19.38%) and difference between two groups was statistically significant (p=0.003). The numbers of patient with SCr elevation more than 30% were 9 (33.3%) in amphotericin B group and 2 (12.5%) in liposomal amphotericin B group (Odd Ratio=3.50, 95% Confidence Interval 0.65-18.85; p=0.130). Conclusion: An analysis of ADRs due to amphotericin B administration revealed significant mean changes in SCr from baseline. Switching to liposomal amphotericin B showed significant decrease in SCr compared with conventional amphotericin B.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Seedlot disinfection techniques to control mung bean sprout rot caused by Colletoricum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were evaluated for commercial production scheme. Soaking seedlots in propolis (100 X) and ethanol (20% for 30 min) appeared promising with control values of 85.5 and 80.8 respectively, but still resulted in up to 20% rot incidence. None of the C. acutatum conidia survived through hot water immersion treatment (HWT) for 10 min at temperatures of 55, 60 and $65^{\circ}C$, whereas the effective range of the dry heat treatment (DHT) was $60-65^{\circ}C$. Tolerance of mung bean seedlot, as estimated by hypocotyl elongation and root growth, was lower for HWT than for DHT. Germination and growth of sprouts were excellent over the range of $55-65^{\circ}C\;at\;5^{\circ}C$ intervals, except for HWT at $65^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. At this marginal condition, heat damage appeared so that approximately 2% of seeds failed to sprout to normal germling and retarded sprouts were less than 5% with coarse wrinkled hypocotyls. These results suggested that DHT would be more feasible to disinfect mung bean seedlots for commercial sprout production. Heat treatment at above ranges was highly effective in eliminating the epiphytic bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples. HWT of seedlot at 55 and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 min resulted in successful control of mung bean sprout rot incidence with marketable sprout quality. DHT at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min also gave good results through the small-scale sprouting system. Therefore, we optimized DHT scheme at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, considering the practical value of seedlot disinfection with high precision and accuracy. This was further proved to be a feasible and reliable method against anthracnose incidence and those bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples as well, through factory scale mung bean sprout production system.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2012

본 연구는 국내 육성 밀 3품종을 이용하여 파종량과 밀잎집눈무늬병의 발생정도를 조사하고, 이 식물병을 효과적으로 방제하기 위한 약제를 선발하기 하기 위하여 수행되었다. 파종량이 기준량의 2배로 증가할 때 발병률이 약 13% 증가하였다. 그러나 감수성인 조품밀만이 2배량 파종시에 발병률이 높아지는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 잎집눈무늬병의 방제 약제 선발을 위해 배지상에서 약제별 효과를 검정한 결과, Triazole 계통인 Hexaconazole EC과 Tebuconazole EC는 균사생장을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 하지만 strobilurin 계통의 Pyraclostrobin EC과 Trifloxystrobin SC는 균사 억제 효과가 약하였다. 식물체에 직접 처리하여 약효를 검정한 결과, in vivo 활성과 in vitro 활성은 유사하게 나타났고 예방효과가 치료효과보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, Hexaconazole EC와 Tebuconazole EC의 예방효과는 각각 64%와 73%였고, 치료효과는 각각 45%와 39%였다. 본 연구결과는 Hexaconazole EC와 Tebuconazole EC가 밀에 발생하는 입짚눈무늬병의 방제제로 이용될 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2010

오이 지상부에 발생하는 주요 곰팡이병인 노균병, 흰가루병 및 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 생물적 방제를 위하여 오이식물제로부터 Bacillus subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19균주를 분리하였다. 오이 노균병에 대한 유묘검정에서 B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10과 Streptomyces sp. CC19균주는 0.5%, 20.2% 및 42.0%의 병반면적율을 나타내었지만, 무처리에서는 82.0% 발생하였다. 오이 흰가루병에 대한 비닐하우스 포장실험에서 B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10과 Streptomyces sp. CC19균주는 2.8%, 3.6%와 12.3% 발생하였지만 무처리에서 65.6% 발생면적을 나타내었다. 오이 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10과 Streptomyces sp. CC19균주는 8.0%, 30.8% 및 5.2%를 각각 나타내었고 무처리에서는 81.2%의 병반면적율을 나타내었다. 그러므로 B. subtilis B29균주는 오이에 발생하는 흰가루병, 노균병과 잿빛곰팡이병의 생물적 방제에 유망한 균주로 선발하였다.