• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1469-1477
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• 2007

A family of balanced groups is introduced. We describe some geometric approach to find these groups in terms of the (orientable) closed 3-manifolds and its fundamental groups.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

In this paper, we study the fundamental group and orbits of cohomogeneity two Riemannian manifolds of constant negative curvature.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.479-489
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the effects of nursing students' self efficacy, communication skill, and nursing skill on their application of the fundamental nursing practice program with clinical scenario. This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were second year nursing students; the experimental group had 35 participants and the control group had 46. The clinical scenario based program was applied and evaluated the self efficacy, communication ability, and nursing ability. The results of the study showed an increase in self-efficacy in the experimental group, and this increase was statistically significant as compared to that in the control group (t=2.06, p=.042). Communication skill increased in the experimental group, but it was not statistically significant as compared to the control group (t=.28, p=.778). Nursing skills slightly increased in the experimental group compared to that in the control group (t=2.46 4, p=.016). The fundamental nursing practice combining the clinical scenario can help students' understanding of clinical situation and nursing skills.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: The abdominal examination is a diagnosis method for determining a morbid condition of the chest and abdomen by touching and pressing. This study reviewed research trends concerning the abdominal examination and suggested of future research directions for quantification of abdominal examination. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2016 in five databases such as Korean studies Information Service System(KISS), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBpia), National Digital Science Library and PubMed based on the Keywords 'abdominal examination'. Results: 128 articles were collected for analysis. Overview on the abdominal examination based on selected 17 articles. Then selected articles have been reclassified by diseases of clinical research and parameters for diagnosis of abdominal examination. Conclusions: Taken together, instrument for quantitative evaluation of abdomen characteristic fit to the traditional Korean Medicine have not yet developed. It is suggested that in order to dominate the market about abdominal examination in advance, more concern should be paid to establishing appropriate development of quantitative criteria and instrument. This review will help researcher to systematically understand and to develop Korean medical device as globally competitive device.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.614-615
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• 2009

For the high reflectance under the ambient light condition, a highly efficient diffractive reflector has been proposed, based on a micro grating structure.[1] This reflector was designed to show highly concentrated distribution of the reflected light to the normal direction of the reflector under specific incident conditions of the light. In order to apply a diffractive reflector to a reflective liquid crystal display, the coupling between the viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal (LC) cell and the reflective distribution of the reflector should be considered. Under the optimum configuration confirmed through the analysis of the coupling between a LC cell and a reflector, a reflective vertical alignment (VA) cell with a diffractive reflector shows contrast ratio and brightness much higher than that with a conventional bumpy reflector.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.389-399
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the effects of fundamental nursing practice education using flipped learning on self confidence performance, academic achievement and critical thinking. The subjects of this study were 38 experimental groups and 36 control groups, who were in the second year of the department of nursing at D university, and Flip learning was applied to the experimental group for four weeks, while the existing teaching methods were applied to the control group. As a result, the academic achievement of vital signs in the experimental group after the experiment with flip learning was significantly higher than the control group (t=2.921, p=.005), but other variables were not significant. In addition, the critical thinking of the experimental group was significantly increased after the experiment than before (t=2.277 p=.029). However, it was not significant in the control group. In the future, various studies using flip learning in nursing are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 1997

Anatomic and physiological changes of the larynx with advancing age result in morphologic changes of the vocal fold and reduced control of the phonatory mechanism in elderly individuals and are reflected in increased unstability of fundamental frequency (Fo). The purpose of this study is to increase current understanding of acoustic and stroboscopic characteristics of normal elderly persons voices. First, phonated /a/ vowel productions by 40 normal adults (20 to 40 years, 20 men and 20 women) and 40 normal elderly persons (60 to 80 years,20 men and 20 women) were analyzed, using CSL (model 4300B) acoustic analysis software, to obtain acoustic measures related to fundamental frequency stability nd vocal resonance characteristics. Second, stroboscopic images of the vocal fold behavior in all subjects were analyzed by experienced specialists. In the men, fundamental frequency variation (vFe) (p＜0.01), jitter. (p＜0.05), and shimmer (p＜0.05) for the older group were significantly higher than the value for the adult group. In the stroboscopic findings, edema of vocal fold had a significant finding in aged men (15%). In the women, vFo (p＜0.05), jitter (p＜0.05), and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) (p＜0.05) for the older group were significantly higher than the value for e adult group and first formant frequency (F1) (p＜0.01) and second formant frequency (F2) (p＜0.01) for. the older group were significantly lower than the value for the adult group. In the stroboscopic findings, vocal fold atrophy had a significant finding in aged women (25%). Frequency stability, as reflected by vFo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR, decreases with advancing age in men and women and spectral analysis of phonated /a/ vowel productions reveals the lowering of the frequency of F1 and second F2 with advancing age, especially in aged women. Change in the mass of vocal folds, due to atrophy or edema, is considered to be the greatest factor in these acoustic changes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.38-49
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• 2018

The nursing education with evidence-based practice(EBP) should set a differentiated education strategy according to the level of the learner, so that the students experience it step by step and it leads them to be skilled. The purpose of this study was to integrate and operate the EBP in the fundamental nursing classes of the second grade students and to verify the effectiveness on improvement of EBP basic competency of them. A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 108 students in the second year of nursing at the two universities. The experimental group participated in the class for 8 weeks and 24 hours during the 15-weeks, second semester 2016 and the control group participated in general fundamental nursing class. Data were collected proactivity in problem solving, future use of EBP, and critical thinking disposition instrument and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program with Chi-square test, independent t-test. The experimental group had a significant increase in proactivity in problem solving and future use of EBP compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in critical thinking disposition between the two groups. Findings indicate that the fundamental nursing class used EBP was an effective lesson to improve proactivity in problem solving and future use of EBP, which is the EBP basic competency for the lower grader. Long-term efforts are needed to improve the EBP competence and critical thinking of nursing students by curriculum appropriate to grade-based goals of EBP.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2023

This study examines the fundamental frequency(f0) distribution of 2,740 Korean speakers in a dialogue speech corpus. Praat and R were used for the collection and analysis of acoustical f0 data after removing extreme values considering the interquartile f0 range of the intonational phrases produced by each individual speaker. Results showed that the average f0 value of all speakers was 185 Hz and the median value was 187 Hz. The f0 data showed a positively skewed distribution of 0.11, and the kurtosis was -0.09, which is close to the normal distribution. The pitch values of daily conversations varied in the range of 238 Hz. Further examination of the male and female groups showed distinct median f0 values: 114 Hz for males and 199 Hz for females. A t-test between the two groups yielded a significant difference. The skewness representing the distribution shape was 1.24 for the male group and 0.58 for the female group. The kurtosis was 5.21 and 3.88 for the male and female groups, and the male group values appeared leptokurtic. A regression analysis between the median f0 and age yielded a slope of 0.15 for the male group and -0.586 for the female group, which indicated a divergent relationship. In conclusion, a normative f0 distribution of different Korean age and sex groups can be examined in the conversational speech corpus recorded by a massive number of participants. However, more rigorous data might be required to define a relation between age and f0 values.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.521-538
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• 2024

In this paper, using the notion of the imprecise set, the idea of an imprecise group is introduced including some examples. The two key rules of classical set theory are obeyed by this extended version of fuzzy sets, which the existing complement definition of a fuzzy set failed to do. With the support from general group theory, the paper also provides some fundamental properties of an imprecise group here. Additionally, it includes a few characteristics of imprecise subgroups, and abelian imprecise group.