• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.153-176
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• 2012

This study gives an account of the state of baby-boomer households in regard to assets and liabilities utilizing the 2006 Household Asset Survey and the 2011 Survey of Household Finances. Using the data gathered from each year, this study examined the proportion of households who had each type of asset and liability, and the amount of them. This study also compared the amount of assets and liabilities of baby-boomer households with those of non baby-boomer households in 2006 and 2011 respectively. Finally, this study examined the amount of change and composition ratio of assets and liabilities of baby-boomer households between 2006 and 2011. Selected financial ratios were also presented for both years. Major findings are as follows. The average asset amount for baby-boomer households was approximately 296 million in 2006 and 392 million in 2011. Of total assets, 78% and 76.5% were real assets in 2006 and 2011 respectively. The average financial assets of 2006 baby-boomer households were approximately 66 thousand and the average amount of debt was 42 thousand. For 2011 baby-boomer households, the average amount of financial assets was 92 thousand and the average amount of debt was 73 thousand. Results from the 2011 survey showed that baby-boomer households had a significantly higher proportion of total assets, total debt, and net worth than non baby-boomer households. The proportion of savings, saving insurance, stocks, and mutual funds were significantly higher for baby-boomer households than non baby-boomer households in 2011. In regard to financial ratios, the emergency fund index and debt burden index were appropriate to the guidelines of asset quality, although the propensity to investment indexes were not.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.778-784
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to figure out the differences of the inflow rates of Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), invested by public fund or public-private partnership (PPP). This paper finds that the average ratio of sewage inflow according to facility capacities (medium and small scale STP) was either nearly below 30% or above 100% in the first year. As the size of STP increased, there was decrease in the accuracy of demand assumption. This was because the operation time when the ratio of sewage inflow was uniform was different according to the size of STP, whereby the time was short when the STP were small. The design average ratio of sewage inflow was 10% larger than the real average ratio; this was considered overdesigned. In the case of a plant built by the PPP scheme, the average ratio of inflow of the STP before an abolition of MRG was larger than after the abolition of MRG. This may be explained by moral hazard from too much reliance on MRG. After the abolition of MRG, the demand risk of PPP was shifted from a PPP project to a conventional project.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.86-98
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• 2011

Venture capital companies and funds play the following roles: to find small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) which face equity gap but possess high-growth potential, to make equity investment in such SMEs, and to intensively support the invested firms' growth in order to gain the maximum profits from the investment via maximization of the firms' values. This work discusses the issue of how such roles of venture capital can be used in a stable manner within individual non-Capital regions of Korea for fostering the start-up and growth of promising SMEs and thereby advancing local/regional economic development. The principal portion of my discussion deals with Regional Venture Capital Fund(RVCF) of UK and its policy implications for the Korean context. Additionally, the work conceptually explores roles of venture capital and local/regional development, and it empirically examines how such venture capital's functions are recently used for the business start-up and growth in the non-Capital regions of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

Objectives : Electroacupuncture is a procedure in which pulses of weak electrical current are sent through acupuncture needles into acupuncture points in the skin. Since the 1970s, electroacupuncture has been widely used for treating various diseases including pain, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases and electroacupuncture research has also been actively conducted in Korea. This study was designed to assess the tendencies and research performances in Korea. Methods : Articles referring to electroacupuncture in Korea were searched in Korean Studies Information Service System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, DBpia, Pubmed and Scopus, and assessed by distribution of document types, published articles, source institutes, journals, and subject categories. Results : Total 677 articles were included in this study. Among them, basic researches were 395, clinical researches were 210, reviews were 68 and others were 4. Kyung Hee university published the most articles, followed by Wonkwang univresity, Daejeon university and Pusan national university in Korean institutes. Journal of Acupuncture Research published the most articles, followed by Korean Journal of Acupuncture, Journal of Korean medicine rehabilitation and Journal of physiology & pathology in Korean medicine among journals. Animals were used in the most articles, followed by human, literatures and protocol in subject categories. The number of articles per year was related to the increase of research fund and the number per institution was related to the number of professors and researchers. Conclusions : In order to carry out better electroacupuncture researches, it is necessary to cultivate electroacupuncture researchers and increase in research funds.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2014

Background: Due to lack of regular and systematic evaluation tool, Korea's tobacco control policy has not been examined its overall process of implementation including efficiency and adequacy of the policies. This study developed policy monitoring and evaluation model to assess policy implementation and effectiveness of tobacco control in Korea. Methods: Based on World Health Organization operational manual for assessment, MPOWER (monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect from tobacco smoke, offer help to quit tobacco use, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising promotion and sponsorship, and raise taxes on tobacco) related policies were reviewed by rating policy efforts, programme management, people (human resources and their development), provision of organization, provision of fund and partnerships (range, 0 to 5). Results: As a result of the experts' assessment, overall Korean tobacco control policies scored 2.61 points, which is poor. In relation to each 'MPOWER' policies, 'W' scored the highest points (2.93), followed by 'O' (2.91), 'M' (2.87), 'P' (2.86), and 'E' (2.23). 'R' scored the lowest points of 1.87, meaning government efforts in tobacco price policy is insufficient. Conclusion: This study concludes that Korean tobacco control policy should strengthen tax and price measures, while programme infrastructure, people, and funds for policy enforcement should be secured. Furthermore, rather than focusing on one specific measure, a balanced approach reflecting various aspects of tobacco controls should be considered in order to decrease smoking rates and prevent smoking initiation.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

Electronic Commerce has already existed for over 20 years. The Bolero project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures, Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services. TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of credit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. Paperless, payment-guaranteed international trade transactions - which eliminate the traditional letters of credit with electronic certifications - are widely considered the most difficult B2B transactions to conduct.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.135-148
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• 2020

Even after successful technology development, there are many cases where commercialization fails due to difficulties in financing in the early stages of commercialization. The purpose of this study is to give practical implications to technology-based founders. At the beginning of commercialization, 7 companies that succeeded in procuring different types of external funds were selected to conduct case analysis. The results are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the excellence of technology is the most important. Second, it was confirmed that they were majors in the relevant technology field or have worked in related fields, and concluded that greater synergy effect can be created by adding the founder's business will and active attitude. Third, even if the company's internal capabilities were insufficient, it was possible to succeed in financing by identifying and utilizing external financial information. Fourth, it is necessary to utilize a linked financial system that receives both loans and investments. Fifth, systematic IR (Investor Relation) should be continued.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.409-418
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• 2018

This study aims to find improvements to problems including investigation public affairs for the activities of artists focusing on the Korean Artists Welfare Foundation since established in 2012. Hence, Gilbert and Terrell's analytical framework for social policy is used with these public affairs in terms of allocation, benefit, service delivery system and finance for this research and pointed at issue. As a result of analysis, the identification of artist is vague for the allocation and the benefit and delivery are not effective in actual practice. In addition to this, the source of fund should become independent financially not to depend on the public funding. Therefore, the follow-up research is necessary that the system of verification for the artists to benefit from the public supports with fair and effective opportunities and developments to secures the funds prospectively.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

Venture debt is a prominent funding tool to promote scale-up of ventures. In the growth stage, venture firms that need large-scale funding can accelerate their growth by leveraging venture debt without diluting their shares, while venture capitals can quickly recollect their investments by accelerating the growth of the ventures they invest. By supplying venture debt, banks can diversify their asset primarily concentrated on loans, and improve the return on assets. As in the case of Silicon Valley Bank, a leading venture lender, closer cooperation between the two agents is essential to supply venture debt. One is the venture capital, an equity capital supplier, and the other is the bank, a debt capital supplier. To this end, we propose "credit risk sharing venture loans" and "venture loan pooling". The former encourages banks' participation in the venture debt market where the manager of Korean Fund of Funds, KVIC and policy guarantee schemes such as KODIT and KIBO screen or partially absorbe the risks inherent in venture loans. The latter reduces the burden of banking on individual venture loans through securitization.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.197-218
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• 2012

Technological competitiveness of SMEs is an important factor of the country's industrial competitiveness. And technological competitiveness of SMEs in South Korea has been a long-term congestion. Through the study, we analyzed the correlation between SMEs technical support policy and technological competitiveness. As a result, the technological competitiveness of SMEs is positively related to R&D policy of funding, taxation and infrastructure. And on the other hand, R&D support policy positively effected the technological competitiveness of subcontractors, 5~49 people of small enterprises and innovation SMEs. We suggest that technology fund should be increased by expanding policy funds, investments and loans. Also, allocation of strategic R&D resources and supportive researching staffs are needed to strengthen high-growth innovative SMEs.