• 제목/요약/키워드: Functional-interior

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국내 재난안전교육 컨텐츠 분석 및 개선방안 연구 (A Study on Analysis and Improvement of Contents of Domestic Disaster & Safety Education)

  • 정희수;송창근
    • 융합정보논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.76-82
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    • 2022
  • 최근 국내 자연 및 사회재해가 증가하고 있으며, 코로나19, 싱크홀 등 새로운 재난과 자연재해와 사회재난이 결합된 대규모 재난이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 재난으로 인한 피해를 감소시키고 재난에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 재난상황에 대한 인식과 기능적 대처과정을 숙지해야 하므로 재난안전교육의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 행정안전부는 54개 전문 재난안전교육기관을 통해 재난안전 종사자를 대상의 재난안전교육을 실시하고 있으나 표준재난안전교육과정의 부재로 기관별로 다른 커리큘럼을 운영하고 있으며 기관별 교육내용이 중복되고, 재난안전체험시설도 부족하다. 이는 재난안전요원이 실제 재난현장에 대한 경험이 부족하여 재난에 효과적으로 대응하기 어렵게 만든다는 문제점이 있다. 또한 다른 교육 분야와 달리 재난안전교육 콘텐츠 분야와 인공지능(AI) 등 신기술 간의 연계가 아직 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자연재난을 중심으로 국내 재난안전교육기관 및 내용의 현황과 문제점을 조사 및 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 통일된 재난안전 표준 교육과정 수립, 가상현실 기술 및 인포테인먼드 기술을 활용한 재난안전교육 체험 콘텐츠 제작 및 보급, 모바일 AI 튜터링 서비스 개발 등의 국내 재난안전교육 콘텐츠의 개선방안을 제시하였다.

양자화학계산을 이용한 Si-O 결합길이가 MgSiO3 페로브스카이트의 X-선 Raman 산란 스펙트럼에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 (Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Effect of Si-O Bond Length on X-ray Raman Scattering Features for MgSiO3 Perovskite)

  • 이유수;이성근
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2014
  • 지구시스템 이해에 중요한 지구 내부 맨틀 물질의 거시적인 성질을 이해하기 위해서는 고압상태의 Mg-규산염 결정질 및 비정질 물질에 대한 원자구조와 그에 수반하는 전자구조에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 근래에 in-situ 고압 실험의 어려움을 피하여 고압환경에 존재하는 지구물질의 원자구조와 그 전자구조를 규명하기 위한 방법론으로서 밀도 범함수 이론에 기반을 둔 양자화학계산이 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 FP-LAPW (full-potential linearized augmented plane wave) 방법론을 이용하는 WIEN2k 프로그램을 통하여 25 GPa와 120 GPa의 $MgSiO_3$ 페로브스카이트(Pv)의 전자 오비탈의 PDOS (partial density of states)와 O원자 K-전자껍질 ELNES (energy-loss near-edge structure) 스펙트럼을 계산하였다. 두 압력 조건의 $MgSiO_3$ Pv에 대하여 계산된 전자 오비탈의 PDOS와 O원자 K-전자껍질 ELNES 스펙트럼은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이고 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 $MgSiO_3$ Pv에서 압력 증가에 의한 Si 원자 배위수의 변화가 나타나지 않더라도 Si-O 결합거리, O-O거리, Mg-O거리와 같은 O원자 주변 국소 원자구조의 변화가 O원자 주변 전자구조에 뚜렷한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 $MgSiO_3$ 결정질 및 비정질 물질의 압력에 의한 전자구조 변화의 미시적 기원을 이해하고 더욱 나아가 다양한 지구물질의 압력에 의한 원자구조 변화와 그에 수반되는 전자구조 변화의 관계를 이해하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

전자-정공 효과(Core-Hole Effect) 적용에 따른 SiO2 고압상들의 전자구조 및 O K-edge X-선 Raman 산란 스펙트럼 계산 결과 분석 (Core-hole Effect on Partial Electronic Density of State and O K-edge x-ray Raman Scattering Spectra of High-Pressure SiO2 Phases)

  • 김훈;이유수;이성근
    • 한국광물학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.59-70
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    • 2017
  • $SiO_2$는 지각과 맨틀을 구성하는 풍부한 물질로 고압 상태의 $SiO_2$ 원자구조를 결정짓는 전자구조적 특성에 대한 상세한 이해는 지구 내부의 탄성과 열역학적 성질에 대한 통찰을 제공한다. $SiO_2$처럼 경원소(low-z)로 이루어진 지구 물질의 고압상 전자구조는 in situ 고압 XRS (x-ray Raman scattering) 실험을 통해 연구되어 왔다. 하지만 기존의 고압 실험 방법으로는 물질의 국소 원자구조와 XRS 스펙트럼 간 상관관계를 밝히는데 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하고 더 높은 압력에서 존재하는 $SiO_2$에 대한 XRS 정보를 얻기 위해 밀도 범함수 이론(density functional theory; DFT)에 기반을 둔 제1원리(ab initio) 계산법을 이용한 XRS 스펙트럼 계산 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 비탄성 X-선 산란에 의하여 원자핵 주변 1s 오비탈에 만들어지는 전자-정공(core-hole)은 경원소 물질의 국소 전자구조에 크게 영향을 미치기 때문에 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼 형태를 계산할 때 중요하게 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 온-퍼텐셜 선형보충파(full-potential linearized augmented plane wave; FP-LAPW) 방법론에 기반하는 WIEN2k 프로그램을 사용하여 ${\alpha}-quartz$, ${\alpha}-cristobalite$ 그리고 $CaCl_2$-구조를 갖는 $SiO_2$에 대한 O 원자 전자 오비탈의 부분 상태밀도(partial density of states; PDOS)와 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼을 계산하였다. 또한, $CaCl_2$-구조를 갖는 $SiO_2$의 O 원자 PDOS의 전자-정공 효과의 적용 여부에 따른 차이를 비교하여, 원자핵 부근 전자구조 변화에 따른 PDOS의 피크 세기와 위치 변화가 크게 나타났다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 계산된 각 $SiO_2$ 구조의 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼이 각 $SiO_2$ 구조에서 계산된 O 원자의 $p^*$ 오비탈의 PDOS 결과와 매우 유사한 형태를 갖고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼이 갖는 대부분의 특징적인 피크들이 O 원자의 점유 1s 오비탈에서 $2p^*$ 오비탈로의 전자전이에 기인하기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과는 $SiO_2$에 대한 정확한 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼을 계산하는데 있어 전자-정공 효과를 고려해야 한다는 사실을 보여준다. 또한, 실험적으로는 재현이 어려운 고압 환경에 존재하는 $CaCl_2$-구조를 갖는 $SiO_2$ (~63 GPa)에 대한 O K-edge XRS 스펙트럼 계산을 통해, 제1원리 계산이 고압상 물질의 물성 연구에 이용될 수 있다는 사실을 보여준다.

쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로 (Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers)

  • 박경원;박주영
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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