• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Free Radical Scavening and inflammatory of the methanol extracts, which were prepared from 6 difffrent bran of rice, were evaluated to investigate bioactive substances. Among them, the extract of C3GHibyeo and Heugjinjubyeo showed strong DPPH scavening activities (73.25% and 50.38% at 0.4 mg/ml, respectively). The extract of C3GHibyeo and Heugjinjubyeo showed strong thrombin inhibition activities (258.76% and 243.52% inhibition at 5 mg/ml, respectively). The result of antibacterial activity by Zone assay showed that C3GHi rice extract $(250{\mu}g\;and\;500{\mu}g)$ inhibited attachment of Helicobactor pylori on the ATCC48504 and COO1 cell line. But no effect on the SEO cell line. Cytotoxicity of blackish purple rice extract on the H. pylori doesn't showed. These result support a functional superiority of rice-base livelihood, and suggest that the development of healthy food using functional ingredients of rice is possible.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-250 in 'herbal incense' also called 'spice' were first introduced in many countries. Numerous synthetic cannabinoids with similar chemical structures emerged simultaneously and suddenly. Currently there are not sufficient data on their adverse effects including neurotoxicity. There are only anecdotal reports that suggest their toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation of various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). In functional observation battery (FOB) test, animals treated with 5 mg/kg of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed traction and tremor. Their locomotor activities and rotarod retention time were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. However, no significant change was observed in learning or memory function. In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated with the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed distorted nuclei and nucleus membranes in the core shell of nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially in the core shell part of nucleus accumbens. To confirm our findings, further studies are needed in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.416-424
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• 2013

In the course of a study for the development of functional foods utilizing Woosul (Achyranthis radix), the components and various biological activities of Korean Woosul (AJN: Achyranthes japonica Nakai) and Chinese Woosul (ABB: Achyranthes bidentata Blume) were compared. Woosul in Korea, including AJN and ABB, are regulated and part of the Korean Pharmacopoeia. From AJN and ABB, ethanol extracts and their subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared and their in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities were evaluated. Although AJN and ABB have no clear distinction in terms of usage in Korea, our results suggest that AJN has higher quantities of lipid-soluble components and lower amounts of water-soluble sugars than does ABB. ABB also appears to possess greater amounts of flavonoid and polyphenol substances than AJN. Analyses of biological activities showed that the fractions of AJN were more active as antibacterial agents, and possessed more pronounced ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities than those of the ABB fractions. However, the antioxidant activities of the ABB fractions, as determined by DPPH anion-, ABTS cation-, nitrite-scavenging activity and reducing power, were higher than those of the AJN fractions. Our results suggest that the components and bioactivity of the extracts and subsequent fractions of AJN and ABB are different. Therefore, usage of either AJN or ABB should be carefully considered, as regards their individual properties, when the active fractions of Woosul are employed in the development of functional foods or novel plant-derived medicines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2017

Seoritae with green cotyledons refers to Korean native black beans harvested when the frost falls because the maturity is late. It is one of the beans preferred by consumers because of its softness and high sugar content. Because of late maturity, if the agricultural work is delayed by weather or agricultural schedule in green cotyledon black soybean (Seoritae), it affects seriously harvest and yield of soybeans. The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal seeding period on June 30, July 10 and July 20 in Cheongju and Jecheon area in Korea to produce stable soybean yield. The yields of green cotyledon black soybean as seeding date in Cheongju area are as follows: Seolitae (Yeoncheon), Seoltae (Goesan) and Seoritae (Gogseong), which increased by 23%, 56%, 23% and 40%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th. As soybean sowing is delayed, the quality of soybean seeds has decreased due to the increase of immature seeds and fungal damaged seeds. The contents of anthocyanin in Cheongju area a functional substance of soybeans, was high on July 20 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon), on July 10 for Seoritae (Goesan). The yields of Heukcheong and Seolitae (Yeoncheon) in Jecheon area were increased by 5% and 17%, respectively, compare to July 10th to June 30th, while Seolite (Goesan) and Seolite (Gogseong) were high in yields on June 30th. Similarly in Cheongju area, as the sowing period is delayed, the number of immature and mold damaged seeds in Jecheon area increased. The contents of anthocyanin in Jecheon area was high on July 10 for Heukcheong, on June 30 for Seolitae (Yeoncheon) and Seolitae (Goesan). From the above results, Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Cheongju area increased 30% in sowing on July 10 and increased 2% in sowing on July 20 compared to June 30. And Sowing marginal date of green cotyledon black soybeans (Seolitae) in Jecheon area increased 2% in July 10 compared to June 30, and the yield decreased rapidly on July 20. We have identified the seeding time limit of green cotyledon black bean in Chungbuk province. It will be possible to provide a variety of crop selection after double cropping of farmers. And by knowing the yield and seed quality of soybean according to sowing date, farmers will observe appropriate sowing period of soybeans for high quality. From the viewpoint of consumers, functional substances of Seoritae will meet the desire for health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the oxidative stability and sensory evaluation for the pine needle extracted oils, we prepared the pine needle extracted oils by the autoclave method with soybean and/or olive oils. The lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring the formation of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS). In addition, the secondary reaction products of lipid oxidation were measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. A weight changing was decreased in oils added pine needle during storage periods. The formation of TBARS was the lowest in olive pine needle oils after 14 days storage, whereas it was the highest in soybean oil. The levels of fluorescent products in extracted oils added pine needle were also decreased in organic layers. According to the sensory evaluation, the scores of fragrance, taste and overall preference in savored laver using an pine needle extracted oils were no significant differences. Overall results suggest that the pine needle extracted oils can be developed to functional oil resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2005

Antithrombosis and antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts, which were prepared from 51 different brands of rice, were evaluated to investigate bioactive-substances. Among them, the extract of sample No. 2, 25, 40 and 41 showed strong thrombin inhibition activities ($401\~764\%$ inhibition at 5 mg/mL), and the extract of sample No. 5, 9, 23, 36, 44 and 48 showed strong DPPH scavenging activities ($40.8\~64.1\%$ at 0.4 mg/mL), respectively. The average contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol with 50 brands of rice were 51.89 mg/kg and 195.23 mg/kg, respectively. However, the activities were not linked with the contents of flavonoid and polyphenol. By the treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, the activities of the selected rices were severely decreased. Maximal remaining activities of antithrombosis and antioxidant were $208\%$ of No. 40 and $23.2\%$ of No. 48, respectively. These results support a functional superiority of rice-based livelihood, and suggest that the development of healthy food using functional ingredients of rice is possible.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.620-625
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• 2011

This is a part of the study on the food materials that are effective for diabetes treatment and for use in the development of functional bread products. In this study, various commercially available Oriental medicines with the intestinal absorption enzyme called ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, which is known to be effective for diabetes treatment, were explored. According to the research results on the water and methanol in 200 kinds of Oriental medicines, which were separated by layer to investigate the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, Astragalus membranaceus (70.9%) in the water layer and Pericaeta communissima (72.9%) in the MeOH layer showed a strong inhibitory effect of over 70%. Myristica fragrans (69%), Morus alba (66.9%), Schisandra chinensis (65%), Panax notoginsens (63.9%), Anthriscus sylvestris (62.9%), Asparagus cochinchinensis (62.1%), Erycibe obtusifolia (60.9%), Polygonum cuspidatum (60.7%), Atractylodes lancea (60.2%), and Perilla frutescens (60.2%) in the water layer, and Codonopsis pilosula (67.8%), Prunus persica batsch (67.6%), Sinomenium acutum (63.5%), and Malvae semen (61.6%) in the MeOH layer, showed a more than 60% inhibitory effect. Thirty one species, including Polygonatum sibiricum (59.8%), Medicata fementata (59.7%), Alisma canaliculatum (59.5%), Coix lacryma-jobi (59.2%), Asiasarum sieboldi (59.0%), and Bupleurum falcatum (53.0%), in the water layer, and 10 species [Quisqualis indica (58.8%), Lycium chinense (58.3%), Trichosanthes kirilowii (58.0%), Thuja orientalis (55.9%), Bombyx mori (55.6%), Gallus domesticus (55.4%), Aralia continentalis (55.3%), Cibotium barometz (52.7%), Euphorbia pekinensis (52.7%), and Dolichos lablab (52.5%)] in the MeOHlayer, showed a more than 50% inhibitory effect. Therefore, such materials are expected to be the basic materials that will be used for the development of functional materials for diabetes treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2011

The nutritional components and antioxidative activities of jujube fruit and leaf were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. The nitrogen-free extract contents of the fruit and leaf were 71.92% and 41.51%, respectively. The mineral components of the fruit and leaf were rich in Ca (72.14 and 3,252.09 mg/100 g), K (899.82 and 1,708.12 mg/100 g), and P (172.11 and 286.28 mg/100 g), respectively. The major free sugars of the fruit were glucose (13.01 %) and fructose (7.35%); and of the leaf, sucrose (3.94%) and fructose (0.75%). The ascorbic acid contents were higher in fruit (135.73 mg/100 g) than in the leaf (100.43 mg/100 g). The analysis of the component amino acid showed a relatively high ratio of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and essential amino acids of leucine, but a low methionine and cystine content. The ABTS and FRAP assays indicated that the butanol fraction of the leaf was a more potent radical scavenger and reducing agent than the other five solvent fractions. The butanol fraction of the leaf also presented inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this study verified that the butanol fraction of the leaf has strong antioxidative activities that are correlated with its high level of phenolics, particularly rutin and quercitrin. These phenolics of jujube leaf can be utilized as effective and safe functional food substances, i.e., natural antioxidants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2021

To utilize Malus pruniforia Borkh. as a functional material, cold-water (CW), hot-water (HW), and 70% ethanol (EtOH) extracts were prepared, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were compared. The antioxidant activity of the HW extract evaluated by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activity was significantly effective. The total polyphenol content of the HW extract was also higher by 15.5±0.7 mg GAE/g extract compared to other extracts. The EtOH extract showed significantly decreased TNF-α (39.8%), IL-6 (65.5%), and NO (34.9%) levels in RAW 264.7 cells compared to the LPS-induced control group. The levels of IL-6 (21.1%) and IL-8 (19.3%) were significantly decreased by treatment of EtOH extract in HaCaT keratinocytes induced with TNF-α and IFN-γ. The UHPLC-MS results indicated that the EtOH extract might have chlorogenic acid and phlorizin as the major compounds. This was validated using HPLC-DAD, which showed that the EtOH extract had higher levels of chlorogenic acid and phlorizin (1,185±58 and 470±10 ㎍/g extract, respectively). In conclusion, the present study suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of the EtOH extract was more effective than the CW and HW extracts, and chlorogenic acid and phlorizin could be used as indicator compounds and functional substances.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2019

Ion-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration were used to extract anserine from salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The salmon anserine showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in the range of 7.30% to 31.05% in a dose-dependent manner. This reducing power of salmon anserine also increased as the concentration increased. Metal chelate activity, superoxide dismutase - like activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay showed similar results. The anserine also suppressed the increment of the peroxide value and linoleic acid during storage periods. These results suggest that salmon anserine might be useful as a natural antioxidant in various foodstuffs.