• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2022

In order to develop samultang with reduced side effects, modified samultang using omija was oral administered to rats with ovarian resection, and changes in evaluation indicators of functional efficacy in women's menopause were measured. In weight gain, relative weight of uterus and vagina, blood lipid-related indicators, and changes in blood estradiol, there was no statistically significant improvement effect in modified Samultang compared to the control group. However, the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in intrauterine tissue tended to increase, and the expression of phosphorylated ERK, which is known to be involved in estrogen receptor signaling, showed a significant increase in activation in ERK and AKT. The expression amount of phosphorylation AKT was not significant, but showed an increasing tendency. Even though the test substance was administered in a relatively small dose, it is judged that the test substance modified Samultang has the ability to activate estrogen receptor. In the future, it is expected that it can be used as a useful natural mixture to show the efficacy of samultang with fewer gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

The ultimate research goal of the current study was a development of hydrolyzed whey protein powder (7%-GNANA) manufactured with normal content of sialic acid, a marker compound, that is naturally occurring at 7% concentration in GMP obtained from the milk protein. GMP is a safe food, used worldwide in infant and baby foods, etc. The test substance was prepared using (7% sialic acid containing) GMP as a raw material, and then using alcalase, an enzyme approved as a food additive, after separation of sialic acid with 100% efficiency and 7%-GNANA (containing 7% sialic acid and protein; product name: HELICOBACTROL-7) provided by MEDINUTROL Inc. (Korea). Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was conducted in accordance with GLP Guideline using the test substance specified above. To identify its mutagenic potential against microorganisms, histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2uvrA, were used. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test was performed by dividing the test substances into five different concentration groups (0, 61.7, 185, 556, 1,670, $5,000{\mu}g/plate$). Results of this experiment did not reveal repetitive increase of colony generating values or positive criteria for reverse mutagenicity for any concentration of test substances in any of the five strains, regardless of the presence of a metabolic activation system, and no dose-dependency was identified. In conclusion, the safety of 7%-GNANA test substance was verified by bacterial reverse mutation test conducted before registration of 7%-GNANA as a food additive.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2018

In this study, the research processed with a chemical sensor for measuring trace amount of heavy metal ions which is based on the requirements of the efficient sensing technology as recent equipment is applies molecular system in the chemical sensing section that can precisely recognizing selective target substance and transmit its data to physical signal as a result. In this research is concentrated on realize highly precise by utilizing SPR sensor application of recognition functional sensing membrane. Consequently, according to DTSQ-dye sensing membrane, the resonance angle from low-concentration to the highest concentration $10^{-4}M$ of $Ag^+$ ion is $2.17[^{\circ}]$ and this result indicating 4.3 times larger resonance angle changes compare to the other metal substance. Based on SQ-dye sensing membrane, the difference of resonance angle between low concentration and the highest concentration $10^{-4}M$ of $Cu^{2+}$ ion is $2.3[^{\circ}]$ and this outcome is indicating 4.5 times greater resonance angle change to the other metal substance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.106-114
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• 2014

Folic acid, one of the B group of vitamins, is an essential substance for maintaining the functions of the nervous system, and is also known to decrease the level of homocysteine in plasma. Homocysteine influences the lowering of the cognitive function in humans, and especially in elderly people. In order to determine the strains with a strong capacity to produce folic acid, 190 bacteria were isolated from various kinds of jeotgal and chungkuk-jang. In our test experiment, JA71 was found to contain $9.03{\mu}g/mL$ of folic acid after 24 h of incubation in an MRS broth. This showed that JA71 has the highest folic acid production ability compared to the other lactic acid bacteria that were isolated. JA71 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by the result of API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16s rDNA sequence. JA71 was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of JA71 was $37^{\circ}C$, and the cultures took 12 h to reach pH 4.4. JA71 proved more sensitive to bacitracin when compared with fifteen different antibiotics, and showed most resistance to neomycin and vancomycin. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant of bile juice and acid, and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus with restraint rates of 60.4%, 96.7%, and 76.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that JA71 could be an excellent strain for application to functional products.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2018

Humic substances that can be obtained from coal resources such as leonardite in a bulk scale have been employed as crop stimulators and soil conditioners. The polymeric organics containing a variety of aromatic and aliphatic structures are known to activate plants in a multifunctional way, thus resulting in enhanced germination rate and abiotic stress resistance concomitant with induction of numerous genes and proteins. Although detailed structural-functional relationship of humic substances for plant stimulations has not been deciphered yet, cutting-edge analytical tools have unraveled critical features of humic architectures that could be linked to the action mechanisms of their plant stimulations. In this review article, we introduce key findings of humic structures and related biological functions that boost plant growth and abiotic stress resistance. Oxygen-based functional groups and plant hormone-like structures combined with labile and recalcitrant carbon backbones are believed to be critical moieties to induce plant stimulations. Some proteins such as HIGH-AFFINITY $K^+$ TRANSPORTER 1, phospholipase A2 and $H^+$-ATPase have been also recognized as key players that could be critically involved in humic substance-driven changes in plant physiology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2010

In order to elucidate the antioxidant potential of non-edible parts of oriental melon, antioxidant activities and total phenolic compound contents of six samples including peel, placenta, stem leaf, flesh and seed were determined. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using in vitro DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and SOD assay. Among non-edible parts of oriental melon, stalk showed the highest antioxidant activity and its antioxidant potential increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The contents of total phenolic compound were also higher than other parts. The relationship between antioxidant activities and the contents of total phenolic compound were analyzed and showed higher correlation coefficients between ABTS radical scavenging activity and contents of total phenolic compound. The above results suggest that the stalk of oriental melon may have potential as a good source for functional material.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.542-548
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• 2005

In recent years, propolis has attracted much attention as an useful substance in medicine and functional food, even if it is known as a natural remedy in folk medicine since ancient times. propolis was registered as natural food since 1995 on Korean Food Act by Korean Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The present study demonstrated the optimization of isolation of crude propolis by ethanol, and tumoricidal effect of pro polis. The optimal concentration of ethanol to separate a high quantity of propolis was $60\%$. The cytotoxic effect of ethanol extracted propolis against various cancer cell lines including murine lymphoma (Sarcoma-180), murine T-lymphoma (YAC-1), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), human gastric carcinoma (KATOIII) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) was observed using SRB and MIT assay. In order to investigate the curative activity by oral administration of propolis on tumor, ICR mice was subcutaneously implanted Sarcoma 180. In 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg propolis administered group, development of implanted tumors was inhibited by $40.9\%\;and\;67.9\%$ at 16th day, respectively. In the same dose of propolis administered group, development of implanted tumors was inhibited more strongly with dose dependent manner. Therefore, these data suggested propolis may show tumoricidal effects. In conclusion, these results indicate that propolis, one of the few natural remedies, can be used as functional food with tumoricidal effects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Hyperpolarization of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine is considered to be produced by the release of an unidentified chemical substance, an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Several chemicals have been proposed as the candidate for EDHF. However, none of them fulfil completely the nature and property of EDHF. Ultrastructural observation with electron microscope reveals that in some arteries, gap junctions are formed between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In small arterioles, injection of gap junction permeable dyes into an endothelial cell results in a distribution of the dye to surrounding cells including smooth muscle cells. These observations allow the speculation that myoendothelial gap junctions may have a functional significance. Simultaneous measurement of the electrical responses in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells using the double patch clamp method demonstrates that these two cell types are indeed electrically coupled, indicating that they behave as a functional syncytium. The EDHF-induced hyperpolarization is produced by an activation of $Ca^{2+}-sensitive\;K^+-channels$ that are inhibited by charybdotoxin and apamin. Agonists that release EDHF increase $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in endothelial cells but not in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of gap junctions with chemical agents abolishes the agonist-induced hyperpolarization in smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells. All these observations can be explained if EDHF is an electrotonic signal propagating from endothelium to smooth muscle cells through gap junctions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

As various populations are rapidly becoming an aging society worldwide and interest in health issues has increased, demand for functional foods including herbal products has increased markedly to maintain a healthy state which has led to safety issues about their intake as an inevitable result. The objective of this study was to identify the safety profile of a Korean red ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract mixture (KGC-03-PS) which is a valuable ingredient that can be used as a functional food. In the present study, the subacute oral toxicity and bacterial reverse mutagenicity of KGC-03-PS were evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were administered KGC-03-PS orally for 28 days by gavage. Daily KGC-03-PS dose concentrations were 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. Bacterial reverse mutation test with KGC-03-PS dose levels ranging from 312.5 to $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ was carried out by OECD test guideline No. 471. Five bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2) were tested in the presence or absence of metabolic activation by plate incorporation method. There were no toxicological effects related with test substance in the clinical evaluation of subacute oral toxicity test including clinical signs, body weight, and food consumption. Moreover, no toxicological changes related to KGC-03-PS were observed in the hematological and serum biochemical characteristics as well as in the pathological examinations, which included organ weight measurements and in the gross- or histopathological findings. KGC-03-PS did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies in all bacterial strains of the bacterial reverse mutation test. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of KGC-03-PS is greater than 2,000 mg/kg bw/day, and KGC-03-PS did not induce genotoxicity related to bacterial reverse mutations under the conditions used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.258-268
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• 2019

The extracts of AS contain in alloxanthin, halocynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin and 13 kinds of carotenoids. The aim of the study was to assess the anti-oxidant activity and cell viability of AS. The anti-oxidant activity was determined by using DPPH radical inhibition activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The results of cell viability assay showed that the extracts from AS were cytotoxic at concentrations above $5.0mg/m{\ell}$. This study was designed to examine inflammation induced by LPS, protection effect by UVB and the toxicity of Ascidian shell extract(ASE) as a functional cosmetic ingredient. Evaluation of embryo toxicity resulted in embryo coagulation and mortality when treated at 5.0, 10.0, $20.0mg/m{\ell}$. At the lowest concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, hatchability resulted in 100.0 % rate. The results of arrhythmia measurement in larvae showed similarity to the evaluation of embryo toxicity. This result demonstrated that toxicity is present at concentrations greater than $5.0mg/m{\ell}$. The protective effect of ASE on LPS and UVB-induced in the zebrafish was investigated. Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated by the exposure of zebrafish to LPS, UVB-radiation were significantly decreased after treatment with ASE at $0.1mg/m{\ell}$. As a result, ASE similarly reduced UVB-induced ROS generation and cell death in live zebrafsih. Therefore, it is suggested that ASE has anti-Inflammatory effects and can possibly be used as a functional substance for skin protection in the future.