• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2023

With the development of autonomous driving technology, as the use of software in vehicles increases, the complexity of the system increases and the difficulty of development increases. Developments that meet ISO 26262 must be carried out to reduce the malfunctions that may occur in vehicles where the system is becoming more complex. ISO 26262 for the functional safety of the vehicle industry proposes to consider functional safety from the design stage to all stages of development. Specifically at the software level, the requirements to be complied with during development and the requirements to be complied with during verification are defined. However, it is not clearly expressed about specific design methods or development methods, and it is necessary to supplement development guidelines. The importance of analysis and verification of requirements is increasing due to the development of technology and the increase of system complexity. The vehicle industry must carry out developments that meet functional safety requirements while carrying out various development activities. We propose a process that reflects the perspective of system engineering to meet the smooth application and developmentrequirements of ISO 26262. In addition, the safety analysis/verification FMEA processforthe safety of the proposed ISO 26262 function was conducted based on the FCAS (Forward Collision Avoidance Assist System) function applied to autonomous vehicles and the results were confirmed. In addition, the safety analysis/verification FMEA process for the safety of the proposed ISO 26262 function was conducted based on the FCAS (Forward Collision Avoidance Assist System) function applied to the advanced driver assistance system and the results were confirmed.

• 산업공학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2012

As the number, complexity and interaction of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) systems increase, a growing emphasis has been placed on the concept of functional safety during product development. IEC 61508 provides guidelines and standardized procedures in the development of reliable and dependable E/E/PE systems to assure functional safety. Determining risk classes (i.e., safety integrity levels, SILs) associated to a specific E/E/PE item may be recognized as one of the most crucial activities in the product development per IEC 61508 since SILs are used to specify necessary safety requirements for achieving an acceptable residual risk. This article presents a case study on the assessment of SILs applying failure modes, effects and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) from which failure rates may be derived for each important failure category by combining a standard FMEA with online diagnostic techniques.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

건강기능식품 등 중 수용성 비타민 B군 (비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신, 비타민 $B_6$)의 동시분석 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. HPLC에 의한 수용성 비타민 B군의 분석 방법은 기기분석조건을 확립하고, 국내외 시험법 및 논문을 참고하여 시험 데이터를 분석하였다. 수용성 비타민 B군의 HPLC 분석은 270 nm에서 Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 컬럼을 사용하여 진행되었다. 분석법 검증은 수용성 비타민 B군의 직선성, 정확성, 정량한계, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 직선성은 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 나이아신(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide), 비타민 $B_6$ 모두 $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}m/mL$의 농도범위에서 $R^2=0.999$ 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었다. 회수율을 검토한 결과, 비타민 $B_1$ 100~103%, 비타민 $B_2$ 104~112%, nicotinic acid 82~85%, nicotinamide 121~124%, 비타민 $B_6$ 95~104%의 양호한 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. LOQ는 비타민 $B_1$ $0.04{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_2$ $0.05{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinic acid $0.15{\mu}m/mL$, nicotinamide $0.08{\mu}m/mL$, 비타민 $B_6$ $0.63{\mu}m/mL$ 이었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과, $B_1$ 0.4%, 비타민 $B_2$ 0.4%, nicotinic acid 0.5%, nicotinamide 0.7%, 비타민 $B_6$ 0.4%로 1% 이내로 양호한 재현성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 동시분석법의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 어린이 기호식품 및 건강기능식품의 표시함량 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

The study examined the relationship between workers' safety awareness, safety performance and the components of the intelligent image analysis system in accordance with preventing the workers from safety hazard in dangerous working area. Based on the safety performance model, we include safety knowledge, safety motivation, safety compliance and safety participation, and we also define three additional factors of the intelligent image analysis system such as functional feature, penalty and incentive by using factor analysis. SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) analyses on the data from the total of 73 workers showed that functional feature of intelligent analysis system and incentive were positively related to safety knowledge and safety motivation. And mediation effects of the relationship were verified to safety compliance and safety participation through safety knowledge as well.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.2-3
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• 2015

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2020

Probiotics are actively being studied for their efficacious anticancer, anticholesterol, and antidiabetic properties. As novel probiotic strains are being developed continuously, new strain-specific safety issues may be reported. Therefore, a procedure for the safety evaluation of probiotic strains is needed. In this study, we investigated the current status of domestic and foreign guidelines for the evaluation of safety of probiotics and suggested a general probiotic safety evaluation process. In other countries, the guidelines for probiotic evaluation are provided and managed separately. However, in Korea, general guidelines are provided regarding the use of functional ingredients, and specific guidelines for the use of probiotics are lacking. A review step based on the characteristics of the probiotics has been introduced in the procedure for safety evaluation of probiotics. Additionally, it has been suggested that the safety evaluation process should consider the results of the functional and genomic analysis for strain identification. Moreover, the factors to be evaluated are presented separately for the notified and non-notified strains. The suggested evaluation procedure may ensure the safety of probiotics, thereby promoting enhanced utilization of probiotics as functional products.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2016

안전과 관련된 CNS/ATM 시스템의 개발은 안전 평가 활동을 필요로 한다. 안전 평가에는 기능 위험 평가를 포함하며, 이는 시스템의 위험한 상황을 감소시키기 위한 시스템 안전 요구사항을 도출하는데 영향을 끼친다. 본 논문은 A-SMGCS에 대한 기능 위험 평가에 대한 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 관련연구인 Eurocontrol과 EMMA에서 수행한 연구를 분석하였으며 Eurocontrol 및 EMMA의 기능 위험 평가 체계를 통합하였다. FHA(functional hazard assessment) 범위뿐만 아니라 FHA를 위한 여러 가정 사항들을 인천국제공항에 대해서 정의하였다. 29개의 위험원이 식별되었고, 각각에 대해 심각도가 평가되었다. 그리고 위험원에 대한 노출빈도와 안전 목적이 이벤트 트리 분석 방법을 사용하여 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과와 EMMA의 결과에 대한 차이를 분석하였으며 또한 본 연구에서의 평가 결과에 대해서도 검토 하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous researches have studied the association between sugar intake and obesity of children in many countries. This study was undertaken to investigate the association between beverage intake and obesity of children by reviewing a database for total sugar contents established in all foods and presented in a nutrition survey by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of 1,520 children aged 6-11 years in the 6th KNHANES (2013-2015) were analyzed for this study. A database for total sugar intake comprises the total sugar contents of all foods included in the results of a nutrition survey using the 24-hour recall method of 6th KNHANES. Beverages were categorized into carbonated beverages, fruit & vegetable drinks, other drinks, tea, and coffee. RESULTS: The average daily beverage intake of all children was 131.75 g/day, and the average daily total sugar intake in beverages was 13.76 g/day. Carbonated beverages had the highest intake rate (58.85 g/day) and also ranked highest for sugar intake (6.36 g/day). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds ratio for obesity in children with beverage intake of ${\geq}200mL/day$ significantly increased by 1.83 times (95% CI, 1.11-3.00) as compared to children with beverage intake of < 200 mL/day. Also, a significant increase was observed in the odds ratio for obesity in total children (2.41 times; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33) and boys (3.15 times; 95% CI, 1.53-6.49) with carbonated beverage intake of ${\geq}200mL/day$ when compared with children who consumed < 200 mL/day. CONCLUSION: A positive association is observed between beverage intake and obesity in Korean children. In particular, an intake of carbonated beverages has a positive correlation with childhood obesity in boys. This study can therefore be used as scientific evidence for reducing sugar, and for the continuous management and research on beverages.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze labeling improvements and evaluate willingness to pay for health functional foods with a focus on the caution for intake. For this study, we conducted a survey on health functional food intake behavior, confirmation and improvements of cautions for intake. We assessed the willingness to pay for improvement of the caution for intake. Consumers anticipate improved immune function, and fatigue improvement after consumption of health functional foods. They mainly checked the function components related to efficacy and effectiveness, ingredients and their contents, ingestion amount and method, expiry date and best mode of storage, product name, and cautions associated with ingestion of health functional foods. They has been difficulties in obtaining sufficient caution information for intake from the current labeling method. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the labeling of caution for intake. The analysis indicated that about 5.14% of the respondents were willing to pay more if new labeling was introduces. However, there is still controversy over their safety, which is damaging to the consumers. Therefore, by providing consumers with accurate and detailed information on cautions for intake, it can contribute to securing safety and improving the quality of health functional foods.