• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2375-2378
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• 2014

Cancer, like any disease, is a pathologic biological process. Drugs are designed to interfere with the pathologic process and should therefore also be validated using a functional screening method directed at these processes. Screening for cancers at an appropriate time and also evaluating results is also very important. Volumetric measurement helps in better screening and evaluation of tumors. Volumetry is a process of quantification of the tumors by identification (pre-cancerous or target lesion) and measurement. Volumetric image analysis allows an accurate, precise, sensitive, and medically valuable assessment of tumor response. It also helps in identifying possible outcomes such disease progression (PD) or complete response as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2013

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to propose an RD method by developing a neural network (NN)-based estimation approach in order to provide an alternative aspect of response surface methodology (RSM). Methods: A specific modeling procedure for integrating NN principles into response function estimations is identified in order to estimate functional relationships between input factors and output responses. Finally, a comparative study based on simulation is performed as verification purposes. Results: This simulation study demonstrates that the proposed NN-based RD method provides better optimal solutions than RSM. Conclusion: The proposed NN-based RD approach can be a potential alternative method to utilize many RD problems in competitive manufacturing nowadays.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.456-471
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• 2019

최근 들어 환경에 대한 소비자들의 높아진 관심으로 인해 식생활과 지속가능한 소비의 중요성이 부각되고 있어 기능성식품 사용과 환경에 대한 관심의 연관성에 대해 소비자 반응을 파악할 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 식품과 관련된 소비자의 라이프스타일에 따라 시장을 세분화하여 생태친화적 기능성 식품 브랜드인 스피룰리나에 대한 소비자 행동을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 식생활 라이프스타일에 따라 3개의 소비자유형(식생활 고관여형, 식생활 안전추구형, 식생활 편의추구형)으로 분류되었으며, 유형별 기능성 식품의 소비행동은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더 나아가서 기능성식품에 대한 긍정적인 태도와 환경에 대한 관심은 스피룰리나의 구매의도를 증가시켜 실제 구매행동으로 연계되는 것으로 나타났으며, 환경 관여도가 높은 소비자들은 기능성 식품에 대해 좀 더 호의적인 태도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 생태친화적 기능성 식품의 시장 확대를 위해서는 시장을 세분화하여 환경적 관여도가 높은 소비자를 발견하고 표적화한 뒤 친환경 제품 마케팅 전략을 추진함으로써 관련 식품에 대한 소비자 인지도를 높일 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.208-208
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• 1996

In this work we investigated coupling of the m2 and m4 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity in detector neuroblastoma cells was used as an index of generation of nitric oxide (NO) in CHO cells. The agonist carbachol induced marked time and concentration-dependent enhancement of the activity of nNOS at m2 receptors. In sharp contrast, the response in CHO cells transfected with the m4 receptor gene was similar in magnitude to that observed in non-transfected cells, suggesting lack of significant coupling of m4 muscarinic receptors to NO signaling. This novel observation of functional divergence of the two muscarinic receptor subtypes at the level of activation of nNOS is quite intriguing, in light of the currently accepted dogma that they belong to the same functional class. This functional selectivity was not due to differential effects on intracellular Ca$\^$2+/ concentration, since activation of both subtypes of muscarinic receptors produced a comparable, albeit quite small, Ca$\^$2+/ signal. Taken together, our present data strongly suggest that the generally assumed functional equivalence of m2 and m4 muscarinic receptors should be carefully reexamined. These data also suggest the presence of alternate mechanisms of activation of nNOS, which might be operative in the absence of large changes in the concentration of cellular Ca$\^$2+/. The latter mechanisms are expected to be activated by m2, but not m4 muscarinic receptors. Both sets of findings are quits important in regards to refining the functional classification of muscarinic receptor subtypes and the cellular mechanisms of activation of NOS.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Functional stay-green is a beneficial trait that may increase grain yield through the sustained photosynthetic competence during monocarpic senescence in cereal crops. The temporal changes of photosynthesis and related characteristics throughout the grain filling period of a stay-green japonica rice "SNU-SG1" was compared in growth chamber conditions with three high-yielding cultivars(HYVs) and their $F_1$ hybrids with SNU-SG1. SNU-SG1 exhibited a typical characteristic of functional stay-green in terms of chlorophyll degradation and photosynthetic competence during grain filling. According to the photosynthesis-light response curve measured at 10 and 35 d after heading for the flag leaf, SNU-SG1 exhibited higher initial light conversion efficiency and thus higher gross photosynthetic rate at light saturation compared to HYVs. Light saturation point was not different among genotypes, ranging from 1000 to 1500 ${\mu}mol$ photon $m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Net photosynthetic rate at light saturation($P_{max}$) of the upper four leaves in SNU-SG1 was much higher and sustained longer throughout grain-filling than HYVs and $F_1$ hybrids. The sustained high photosynthetic competence of SNU-SG1 during grain filling was ascribed to the longer maintenance of high mesophyll conductance that resulted from not only high chlorophyll content and its delayed degradation but also the slow degeneration of photosystem II(PS II) as judged by chlorophyll fluorescence($F_v/F_m$) of flag leaves. $F_1$ hybrids showed slow degeneration of photosystem II similar to the male parent SNU-SG1 while chlorophyll degradation pattern close to female parents, thus exhibiting a little higher $P_{max}$ than female parents. These results suggest that SNU-SG1 has a typical functional stay-green trait that can be utilized for increasing rice yield potential through the improved dry matter production during grain filling.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 2015

Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1129-1145
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• 2016

뇌기능 연결성 문제는 뇌의 신경역학적 현상과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 의미에서 뇌과학에서 주요 연구주제이다. 본 논문에서는 기능적 자기공명영상(fMRI)자료를 뇌활동에 대한 반응 자료의 주요 형태로써 선택하였는데, 이 fMRI자료는 높은 해상도 때문에 뇌과학 연구에서 선호되는 자료 형태이다. 뇌활동에 대한 생리학적 반응을 측정해서 자료로 사용한다는 전제하에서 뇌의 기능적 연결성을 분석하는 방법들을 고찰하였다. 여기서의 전제란 상태공간 및 측정 모형을 다룬다는것을 의미하는데, 여기서 상태공간 모형은 뇌신경역학을 표현한다고 가정한다. 뇌기능 영상자료의 분석은 무엇을 측정하였느냐에 따라서 분석방법과 그 해석이 조금씩 달라진다. 실제 fMRI자료를 고차원 자기회귀모형을 적용해서 분석한 결과를 논문에 포함하였는데, 이 결과를 통해서 서로 다른 도형문제를 푸는데 서로 다른 뇌신경 역학관계가 요구된다는 것을 엿볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.488-502
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• 2020

In this study, the moisture absorption and desorption properties presented by the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards of South Korea were compared using the wood of three tree species (Douglas-fir, Hinoki, Larch) and two types of wood-based materials(Plywood, WML Board^Ⓡ). The national standards for functional building materials present that the amounts of moisture absorption and desorption should be at least 65g/㎡ on average, respectively according to the test method under KS F 2611:2009. Therefore, in this study, the moisture absorption/desorption properties of materials with no treatment (Control), with punching, and with surface stain finishing and the moisture absorption/desorption property improvement effects of the treatments were compared and analyzed. According to the results of this study, it was evaluated that all five types of wood and wood-based materials tested did not satisfy the amount of moisture absorption/desorption of at least 65g/㎡, which is the performance standard for moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials, indicating that untreated wood and wood-based materials cannot be applied as functional finishing materials according to the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards. The surface stain finishing greatly reduced the moisture absorption and desorption rates of the materials, and the amounts of moisture absorbed and desorbed were also shown to decrease by at least two times on average. When the surfaces of the materials were punched with Ø4mm holes at intervals of 20 mm, the moisture absorption/desorption areas increased from 18% to 51%, and this increase was shown to be capable of increasing the amounts of moisture absorbed/desorbed by 29% on average at the minimum, and 81% on average at the maximum. The effects of punching were shown to be identical even in cases where the materials were stain finished. For the application of wood or wood-based materials as eco-friendly, health-friendly, and moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials hereafter, it is judged that new physical and chemical improvement studies should be conducted, and treatment methods should be developed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

Ergonomic methods have been effectively applied to design and evaluation of functional clothing. The goals of the present study are to: (1) develop an ergonomic evaluation system for the systematic analysis of functional clothing and (2) examine the usefulness of the proposed evaluation system by applying to flame-proof clothing. Based on the survey of literature and the brainstorming of experts in clothing design and ergonomics, factors considered for clothing evaluation were selected, classified, and complemented, resulting in an ergonomic clothing evaluation system consisting of four factor categories (clothing construction, user, work and environment, and user response). Using the proposed system, a field survey and a laboratory experiment were conducted for flame-proof clothing to identify its design problems. The field survey to workers found a comprehensive set of problems on the flame-proof clothing design in terms of pattern, textile, and color. The laboratory experiment identified additional design problems using a questionnaire that was developed based on an analysis on the relationship between clothing design components and ergonomic evaluation measures. The present study showed the ergonomic evaluation system and the relationship analysis of clothing design components and ergonomic evaluation measures are of use to identify design problems of functional clothing in a comprehensive and analytic manner.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a community based group exercise intervention on motor functional capacity. To evaluate the immediate(post-treatment) effects after 6-weeks exercise program on the group exercise intervention(PNF and Circuit exercise). Methods : Subjects-Included persons with stroke who were living in the community. Thirty-seven subjects were randomly assigned to the PNF, Circuit exercise and control group participated in a repeated measures design that evaluated the subjects with pre-treatment, post-treatment(6 weeks). Functional ability outcome measures assessed the motor assessment scale(MAS) and EMG. Both treatment groups participated in exercise cJass three times a week for 6 weeks. Group programs focused on balance, functional motor capacity and walking ability. The PNF program was modified PNF pattem and techniques with emphasis on functional tasks when possible, as well as stretching of the more affected limb particularly in the more affected shoulder. The Circuit program with subjects completing practice at a selies of work station as well as participating in walking races and relay with other members of the group. Results : Compared with the control group, the treatment group had larger improvements in the motor function ability after 6 weeks treatment and Post-treatment test scores were more significant than the pre-treatment score. 1. Motor function were assessed by using MAS, sit to stand, walking and upper function were assessed pre-treatment versus post-treatment measures revealed a statically significant(p<.05). There were significant differences between the groups. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had larger improvements. 2. In the treatment groups, demonstrated difference in the electromyographic activation of biceps, triceps, quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles on the paretic side in the response to the reaching arm movement and stepping motion in stance. The difference in muscle activation improvement were not statically significant. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the PNF and Circuit group exercise intervention can improve motor functional ability. This study suggests that the PNF and Circuit exercise programs is appropriate for community-based group exercise principles. It leads to gain and maintain potential function for disabled persons after stroke in the community.