• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2 s.107
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

Based on the Merritt-Cummins system, the Korean immature aquatic and semiaquatic insects were reviewed and categorized into 6 different functional feeding groups (FFG) at the generic levels (257 genera belonging to 96 families, 10 orders),Among 257 genera, the most abundant FFG was the predator type consisting of 122(47%) genera. The second and third major groups were gathering-collectors (33genera, 13%) and shredders (21, 8%), respectively. Next group was occupied by scrapers (20,7%), and followed by filtering-collectors (12,5%) and plant-piercers (6, 2%). In addition, a total of 43 genera in 7 orders were remained as uncategorized groups. Both relative degrees of resistance and resilience of each genus were also analyzed to evaluate the role of each FFG in maintaining community stability. The results elucidated that the gathering-collectors and the scrapers could play a role as a pioneer group and a functional mediator in the community, respectively. The results also indicated that the practical use of relative resistance and resilience degrees could be applied to conduct comprehensive studies in stream ecosystems.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of various levels of mungbean flour (MF) (0-2.4%) on the quality characteristics of pork model sausages (PMS) in experiment 1 and also select the optimum level of MF to enhance the water retention and gelling properties of low-salt PMS (LSPMS) with or without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) in experiment 2. In experiment 1, the addition of MF did not affect pH, chemical compositions (fat and moisture contents), color values, and functional properties (expressible moisture, EM (%) and cooking yield, CY (%)) of PMS. However, the addition of MF increased the chewiness of PMS and hardness if the mungbean flour at the level of more than 1.2% was incorporated. Since the interaction between the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) treatment and MF level was not significant (p>0.05), data were pooled by different factors (MTGase treatment and MF level) in experiment 2. MF improved the water binding ability and textural springiness of LSPMS. On the other hand, MTGase treatment decreased the pH and cooking yield (%) of LSPMS, but increased most textural properties. In conclusion, the addition of MF could enhance the water retention and textural properties of PMS and LSPMS, regardless of MTGase, when it was added to over 1.2%. Based on these results, mungbean protein may interact with MTGase on the low-salt comminuted meat systems. Therefore, further study might be needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction between MTGase and functional components induced from MF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2017

The general characteristics, anti-mutagenicity, and in vitro anti-cancer effects of Chungkukjang, Shuidouchi, and Natto were studied. Representative brands of the three types of soybean-based short-term-fermented foods were chosen and evaluated. Chungkukjang showed the highest amino and ammonia type nitrogen contents, although Natto exhibited lower levels, and Shuidouchi showed the lowest pH and high acidity. Anti-mutagenicity was assessed by the Ames test and in vitro anti-cancer effects were assessed in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Chungkukjang exhibited the highest anti-mutagenicity and anti-cancer effects. Based on these results, Chungkukjang showed the best functional effects, and Shuidouchi showed better functional effects than Natto. Even if such efficacies depend on raw materials and processing methods, our comparison of three types of foods from representative brands shows that Chungkukjang was the best soybean-derived product in terms of overall quality, followed by Shuidouchi and Natto. These results might be due to differences in duration of fermentation, processing method, and quality of raw materials, but further research on the basis of ethnic culture and administration method of each nation should follow.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 2009

The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway conserved from yeast to human plays critical roles in regulation of eukaryotic cell growth. It has been shown that TOR pathway is involved in several cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, nutrient response, autophagy and aging. However, due to the functional diversity of TOR pathway, we do not know yet some key effectors of the pathway. To find unknown effectors of TOR signaling pathway, we took advantage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged collection of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We analyzed protein abundance changes by measuring the GFP fluorescence intensity of 4156 GFP-tagged yeast strains under inhibition of TOR pathway. Our proteomic analysis argues that 83 proteins are decreased whereas 32 proteins are increased by treatment of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of TOR complex 1 (TORC1). We found that, among the 115 proteins that show significant changes in protein abundance under rapamycin treatment, 37 proteins also show expression changes in the mRNA levels by more than 2-fold under the same condition. We suggest that the 115 proteins indentified in this study may be directly or indirectly involved in TOR signaling and can serve as candidates for further investigation of the effectors of TOR pathway.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides have been widely used clinically for many years and were regarded as very safe. However, a few researches on the toxicities of these kinds of agents showed that some ginsenosides may have side-effect on the rats or dogs. So it is extremely necessary to further clarify the potential toxicity of ginsenosides. This study was carried out to investigate long-term toxicity and genotoxicity of 25-methoxydammarane-3, 12, 20-triol ($25-OCH_3-PPD$), a new derivative of ginsenoside, in beagle dogs. Methods: Twenty-four beagle dogs were divided randomly into four treatment groups and repeatedly orally administered with $25-OCH_3-PPD$ capsule at 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day for 91 consecutive days. Ames, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration tests were established to analyze the possible genotoxicity of $25-OCH_3-PPD$. Results: There was no $25-OCH_3-PPD$einduced systemic toxicity in beagle dogs at any doses. The level of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg/day. The result of Ames test showed that there was no significant increase in the number of revertant colonies of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ administrated groups compared to the vehicle control group. There were also no significant differences between $25-OCH_3-PPD$ administrated groups at all dose levels and negative group in the micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration assay. Conclusion: The highest dose level of $25-OCH_3-PPD$ at which no adverse effects were observed was found to be 240 mg/kg per day, and it is not a genotoxic agent either in somatic cells or germs cells. $25-OCH_3-PPD$ is an extremely safe candidate compound for antitumor treatment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy and bedside ergometer exercise on muscle strength, function level, and quality of life of persons in intensive care. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Sixteen patients in the ICU were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n=8) or the bedside cycle ergometer group (n=8). Activities in the ICU exercise group (rolling, sitting at the edge of the bed, transfer from sitting to standing, standing balance training, ambulation) and bedside cycle ergometer group were performed 5 times a week for 30 minutes during the ICU admission period. Medical Research Council (MRC) and Functional Status Scale-Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) parameters were assessed at the time of admission to the ICU, and reevaluation was assessed on the day of ICU discharge. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was assessed at the time of discharge from the ICU. Results: MRC and FSS-ICU were significantly increased before and after intervention in both the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between MRC and FSS-ICU in the comparison of the changes before and after the intervention (p<0.05). SF-36 was compared between groups after intervention and there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Muscle strength and functional levels improved after intervention in both the experimental and control groups. The ICU exercise group was more effective than the bedside cycle ergometer group to improve muscle strength, functional level, and quality of life performance of persons in the ICU.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.632-642
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• 2019

The concentrations of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast from native chickens were compared with those from broiler. Totally 200 male chicks from a commercial native chicken (HH) and three newly bred native chicken strains (2A, 2C, and 2D) were reared for about 2 kg of final live weight up to 12 wk. After slaughtered, antioxidant dipeptides, reducing sugar, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of the breast muscles were analyzed with those from broilers with similar live weight. Mostly native chicken strains had higher contents of carnosine, anserine, and reducing sugar than the broiler. Especially HH implied the highest values of carnosine and anserine, and 2C did the highest of reducing sugar (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents between native chickens and broiler were not significantly different (p>0.05). The contents of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were significantly higher in 2C than those of HH or broiler (p<0.05). Native chicken strains contained lower cholesterol levels than the broiler. Broiler had higher contents of P, Mg, and Na than native chickens (p<0.05), but it had lower content of Cu than HH or 2A. The savory free amino acids including glutamic acid was highest in 2A than the other native chickens and broiler (p<0.05). This study confirms that certain new strains of native chickens be a good source in terms of functional compounds and micronutrients which can be attractive health promoting nutritional quality factors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high pressure to investigate the technical functional properties of the protein solution extracted from an edible insect, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis. High pressure processing was performed at 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa at 35℃. The essential amino acid index of the control was lower (p<0.05) than that of the P. brevitarsis seulensis extract treated with 100 MPa. The SDS-PAGE patterns tended to become faint at approximately 75 kDa and thicker at approximately 37 KDa after high pressure treatment. The protein solubility and pH of the protein tended to increase as the hydrostatic pressure levels increased. The instrument color values (redness and yellowness) of the P. brevitarsis seulensis protein treated with high pressure were lower (p<0.05) than those of the control. The forming capacity of the protein solution with P. brevitarsis seulensis treated with high pressure was higher (p<0.05) than that of the control. In conclusion, we confirmed that the technical functional properties of edible insect proteins extracted under high pressure of 200 MPa are improved. Our results indicate that high pressure can improve the technical functional properties of proteins from edible insects.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.110-121
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• 2022

Leaf functional traits widely have been used to understand the environmental controls of resource utilization strategy of plants along the environmental gradients. By using key leaf functional traits, we quantified the relationships between leaf traits and local climate throughout the distributional range of Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. in eastern and western Georgian mountains (the South Caucasus). Our results revealed, that all traits showed high levels of intraspecific variability across study locations and confirmed a strong phenotypic differentiation of leaf functional variation along the east-west longitudinal gradient in response to the local climate; out of the explored climatic variables, the moisture factors related to precipitation and number of precipitation and dry days for winter and growth seasons were more strongly related to leaf trait variation than the elevation and air temperature. Among studied leaf traits, the leaf specific area (SLA) showed the highest level of variability indicating the different resource utilization strategies of eastern and western-central Rh. caucasicum individuals. High SLA leaves for western-central Caucasian individuals work in relatively resource-rich environments (more humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and could be explained by preferential allocation to photosynthesis and growth, while eastern Caucasian samples work in resource-poor environments (less humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and the retention of captured resources is a higher priority appearing in a low SLA leaves. However, more evidence from a broader study of the species throughout its distribution range by including additional environmental factors and molecular markers are needed for firmer conclusions of intraspecific variability of Rh. caucasicum.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.635-644
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• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed laboratory serum data results before and after patients took herbal medicine to confirm the clinical safety of herbal medicine. In addition, in the event of liver damage, the case was analyzed to confirm the characteristics of liver damage and the possibility of liver damage caused by herbal medicine. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the effects of herbal medicine on liver function in patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia was conducted. The electronic medical records of 128 patients in a single hospital were reviewed. Results: The statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in liver function-related laboratory serum data after taking herbal medicine (p<0.05). In addition, among 128 patients, there were two cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) (1.56%). Conclusion: Taking herbal medicine prescribed by experts does not significantly affect liver function in patients with functional dyspepsia. Rather, the liver levels of the subjects showed a significant decrease after taking herbal medicine. To support these results, further large-scale multicenter prospective studies are necessary.