• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance level of functional independence of the stroke patient. Methods : In order to find out the functional independence of stroke patient, 160 peoples, 80 peoples in a large city and 80 peoples in small-to-medium sized city, were questioned. Result : The results of this study were as follows: 1. Functional independence level due to social factor; The comparison of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in educational level, religion, family member, vocation, and medical fees(P<.05). However, the two groups did not show significant difference in spouse. 2. Functional independence level due to environment factor; The comparison of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in place of residence and residental environment(P<.05). However, each group did not show significant difference. Conclusion : These results suggest that realization of stable housing, educational level, various physical activities, and diversified family members is essential. Also, stable environment and social satisfaction are needed to maintain and improve the health of patient.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to seek for a performance level of functional independence of the long term care elderly people. This study questionnaires 160 elders with 80 in a large city and 80 in small－to－medium sized city in order to find out the functional independence of elderly people. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Functional independence level following health factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in sanitation, drinking and smoking, eating habit, chronic disease, physical activities, and regular physical examination(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in present treatment, regular exercise. 2. Functional independence level following Psychological factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in health evaluation(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in quality of life. In conclusion it is needed that stable housing, much physical activities, and diversified family members should be realized and stable livelihood security recipients to maintain and improve health of the aged and to be socially satisfied.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Functional analysis of air transport mission is conducted to establish the performance requirements of the commercial transport designs. The analysis process begins by making a top-down analysis to the aircraft system level mission functions. Correctly interpreting the top-level performance requirements is the first step in designing and building an aircraft system. Each function and sub-function is allocated and examined to the aircraft level and flight operations phase to optimize the system performance and design requirements, such that these lower-level requirements can be traced back to the top-level requirements they are designed to fulfill. Special attention is given to making sure all interfaces, both internal and external, are addressed. The results are also in good resources of functional hazard assessment involved in certification processes.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment approach, functional test process with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Method : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and book for PNF international course. Result : Suggest of the functional test with functional level and structural level treatment approaching with hypotheses and problem list from the functional test and provide how, what, where for the treatment with the level. Conclusion : Treatment plan and approach has changed from disease to structure function, performance, participation the life, relationship with environment factors of human being. For the treatment approach need the functional test and functional goal.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2007

Hypoglycemic efficacy of natural functional mixture(FM) and level of the diabete related hormones in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (normal, diabetic fed diets with/without FM). Supplement of FM did not affect the body weight and feed intake of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The increase in the weight of liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats was weakened by supplement of FM, whereas the weight of kidney and heart was not affected. Blood glucose level was slightly, and glucose tolerance of post-feeding was significantly improved by functional mixture. The mixture significantly reduced the elevated HbA1C level of diabetic rats by 15%, and it increased the level of insulin and C-peptide in blood and decreased glucagon level. Therefore, we conclude that FM in this study has a potency of prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.655-676
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of teaching on functional thinking, one of the algebraic thinking in sixth grade students level. For this study, we developed functional thinking based-teaching through analyzing mathematical curriculum and preceding research, which consisted of 12 classes, and we investigated the effects of teaching through quantitative and qualitative analysis. In the results of this study, functional thinking based-teaching was statistically proven to be more effective in improving algebraic reasoning skills and lower elements which is an algebraic reasoning as generalized arithmetic and functional thinking, compared to traditional textbook-centered lessons. In addition, the functional thinking based-teaching gave a positive impact on the functional thinking level. Thus functional thinking based-teaching provides guidance on the implications for teaching and learning methods and study of the functional thinking in the future, because of the significant impact on the mathematics learning in six grade students.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.499-504
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• 2013

This study aims to address the effect of interferential current therapy and thereby to provide basic resources to physical therapies for internal medicine by identifying symptoms for functional dyspepsia and serum gastrin level that shows gastric motility. Following results were obtained by performing interferential current therapy to 16 subjects composed of 8 for functional dyspepsia group and 8 for control group for 20 minutes a day, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. In control group, serum gastrin level was significantly( p<.01), lowered after the therapy whereas there was no significant difference observed in all questions from questionnaire for symptoms of functional dyspepsia between before and after the therapy. In functional dyspepsia group, serum gastrin level was significantly(p<.01), lowered after the therapy and there was also significant(p<.01) reduction in every question from questionnaire for symptoms of functional dyspepsia between before and after the therapy. There was more significant decrease in serum gastrin level and reduction in questionnaire for symptoms of functional dyspepsia in the functional dyspepsia group compared to the control group(p<.01). This study confirms the interferential current therapy as an effective therapeutic method for internal diseases including functional dyspepsia since it not only improves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia but also allows the gastric motility close to normal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2011

In this study, in contrast with cases in which Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) tip-induced reactions were instigated by the tunneling electrons, the local electric field, or the mechanical force between a tip and a surface, we found that the tungsten oxide (WO3) covered tungsten (W) tip of a STM acted as a chemical catalyst for the S-H dissociative adsorption of phenylthiol and 1-octanethiol onto a Ge(100) surface. By varying the distance between the tip and the surface, the degree of the tip-catalyzed adsorption could be controlled. We have found that the thiol head-group is the critical functional group for this catalysis and the catalytic material is the WO3 layer of the tip. After removing the WO3 layer by field emission treatment, the catalytic activity of the tip has been lost. 3-mercapto isobutyric acid is a chiral bi-functional molecule which has two functional groups, carboxylic acid group and thiol group, at each end. 3-Mercapto Isobutyric Acid adsorbs at Ge(100) surface only through carboxylic acid group at room temperature and this adsorption was enhanced by the tunneling electrons between a STM tip and the surface. Using this enhancement, it is possible to make thiol group-terminated surface where we desire. On the other hand, surprisingly, the WO3 covered W tip of STM was found to act as a chemical catalyst to catalyze the adsorption of 3-mercapto isobutyric acid through thiol group at Ge(100) surface. Using this catalysis, it is possible to make carboxylic acid group-terminated surface where we want. This functional group-selective adsorption of bi-functional molecule using the catalysis may be used in positive lithographic methods to produce semiconductor substrate which is terminated by desired functional groups.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Background: Neck pain is a major health problem in developed countries and has a lifetime prevalence of 50%. Major problems include a reduced cervical range of motion, muscle stiffness, dysfunction, postural changes, and decrease in psychosocial level. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying the upper trapezius inhibition dynamic taping to patients with chronic neck pain on their neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 patients with neck pain participated in this study and were randomly assigned to a Dynamic Taping group (n = 20) or Sham Taping group (n = 20). In both groups, basic intervention cervical pain control therapy and shoulder stabilization exercise program were performed. In addition, dynamic taping and sham taping were applied to participants in the Dynamic Taping and Sham Taping groups to inhibit the trapezius muscle, respectively. All interventions were performed three times a week and a total of 12 times for 4 weeks, and the participants' neck pain, functional impairment level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck postural before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the functional level and neck posture (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition dynamic taping of the upper trapezius muscle suppression is an effective method with clinical significance in reducing pain in individuals with chronic neck pain and improving the functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2006

This study investigated the satisfaction level of aged patients over sixty five years old or over who were treated in a dental hospital or clinic in the metropolitan area. The difference in satisfaction level by general characteristics of aged patients and characteristics related to the treatment as well as the correlation of satisfaction level by each factors with the overall satisfaction level of the treatment were analyzed, resulting as follows. 1. Satisfaction level of dentures by each factors resulted as following. Average general satisfaction level marked $3.47{\pm}0.74$, average functional satisfaction level marked $2.66{\pm}0.83$, and aesthetic satisfaction level marked $3.78{\pm}0.65$. 2. There were no significant difference in general and functional satisfaction level by each factors from the population statistic of the participants. Aesthetic satisfaction level differed by the educational background(p=0.01). 3. There were no significant difference in general and aesthetic satisfaction level by the oral health condition as well as the treatment quality. Functional satisfaction level differed by the oral health condition(p=0.01). 4. The correlation of satisfaction level by each factors with the overall satisfaction level of the treatment differed as follows. In case each factors were satisfactory, the overall result of the treatment marked satisfactory as well. However, in case each factors were dissatisfactory, the overall result of the treatment marked dissatisfactory showing difference with the above result(p=0.000). 5. Each factor showed statistically positive correlation. Functional satisfaction level and general satisfaction level showed the highest correlation(r=0.677).