• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2015

Curcuma longa L. (CL), a traditional medicinal plant, is well known as a functional food ingredient. The major component of CL is a curcumin of anthocyanin family that has multi-functions such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. In this study, fermented milk containing CL was prepared using a mixed strain culture (Bifidobacterium bifidus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus), and its physicochemical properties were characterized. In addition, inflammatory cytokine-modulating effects of the fermented milk were also investigated. As regards the properties of fermented milk, the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk containing CL was found to be remarkably more rapid than control. During fermentation, caseins and whey proteins were observed to be partially hydrolyzed, and lactic acid and acetic acid were produced in larger amounts than in the control. The sensory score of fermented milk containing CL was lower than control, owing to its bitter taste and strong flavor. RAW 264.7 cells treated with CL fermented milk supernatant showed no cytotoxicity. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly produced by fermented milk with CL, compared to control. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased relative to the control. Results from the present study suggested that CL could be used as a natural immunomodulating ingredient for making yogurts, beverages, and other products.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.884-892
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the increase of S-allylcysteine content, a biomarker of black garlic, during its aging period, as well as the serum lipid-lowering effects of black garlic extract in high fat diet fed rats. The highest content of S-allylcysteine was observed on the 15th day of the aging period. Sensory evaluation was also estimated to be extremely good on the 15th day of the aging period. High fat diet rats with induced hyperlipidemia were fed diets containing black garlic extract of low, medium, and high doses for 6 weeks. No significant difference in body weight gain and food efficiency was observed between normal, placebo and black garlic fed groups. Liver weight was significantly higher in black garlic fed groups than in the normal group. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in low, medium, and high dose groups than in the normal group. Also, HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher and LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in black garlic diet fed groups than in the normal group. Hepatic levels including total lipid and cholesterol were especially decreased in the black garlic diet fed group than in the placebo group. These results suggest that black garlic intake reduces the levels of serum and hepatic cholesterol in high fat diet fed rats. In conclusion, black garlic has a potential to be used as a functional health food ingredient with beneficial effects on lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.8
• /
• pp.1004-1009
• /
• 2013

The biochemical compositions and nutritive values of six species of seaweeds were analyzed to determine their applicability in functional foods or ingredients. The biochemical compositions (moisture, ash, protein, lipid, and dietary fiber) and fatty acid contents were determined for the following seaweed extracts: Phaeophyceae (Laminaria japonica, Hizikia fusiformis, and Undaria pinnatifida), Rhodophyceae (Porphyra tenera and Gracilaria verrucosa), and Chlorophyceae (Ulva lactuca). The moisture content (% dry weight) ranged from 11.47% to 13.94%, ash from 19.15% to 26.50%, protein from 5.08% to 15.44%, lipid from 2.75% to 4.43%, and dietary fiber from 36.84% to 52.98%. C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18: 1n-3, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, C20:4n-6, and C20:5n-3 represented the predominant proportions of fatty acids. Interestingly, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) was either not found or only detected in trace amounts in the analyzed seaweeds. The levels of n-3 fatty acid were higher than other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the n-6/n-3 ratio was very low. These results indicate that seaweed inhabiting Korean coastal areas will be beneficial to human health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.352-357
• /
• 2013

This study estimates the classification criteria which distinguishes the types of omega-3 health functional foods, fish oils and fish oil usages through $^{13}C$-NMR spectra and fatty acids contents analysis. The major fatty acids of omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, $C_{20:5}$) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) are being analyzed. 10 ethyl ester (EE) forms and 10 triglyceride (TG) forms are the most common types of fish oils for 20 omega-3 products. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis generally shows the matching EPA and DHA contents of the products listed on the notation. But EE form contents of EPA and DHA are higher and are more varied than the TG form. Most of the samples of EPA/DHA ratio show different content ratios of indicated on the products when comparing with standards. The $^{13}C$-NMR analysis of EPA and DHA on sn-1,3 and sn-2 carbonyl peak position with fish oil triglycerides display whether the reconstituted triglycerides (rTG) are being confirmed or not. As a result of the 9 TG form, the 10 TG products showed similar values: EPA sn-1, 3; 13.46~15.66, sn-2; 3.00~4.52, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.43~4.40, sn-2; 3.84~6.36. But one product showed lower contents (EPA: sn-1, 3; 5.88, sn-2; 2.86, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.29, sn-2; 5.95) of EPA, thus it can be considered a different type of oil and only matched six products according to the label. This study is intended to provide basic materials which identify the status for the types and quality of omega-3 fish oil products according to fatty acids profiles and the $^{13}C$-NMR spectrum confirmed the location specificity of EPA and DHA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2012

It is very important for early diagnosis and therapy with ischamic cerebral infarction patients. This study was to know the ischemic penumbra lesion which compared CT-perfusion and diffusion weighted MRI(DWMRI) with acute cerebral infarction patients. 12 acute cerebral infarction patients had performed perfusion CT and performed DWMRI. Perfusion images including cerebral blood volume(CBV), cerebral blood flow(CBF), time to peak(TTP) and mean transit time(MTT) maps obtained the values with defect lesion and contralateral normal cerebral hemisphere and DWMRI was measured by signal intensity and compared of lesion size between each perfusion map. All perfusion CT maps showed the perfusion defect lesions in all patients. There were remarkable TTP and MTT delay in perfusion defect lesions. The lesions on CBF map was the most closely correlated with the lesions on DWMRI. The size of perfusion defect lesions on TTP and MTT map was larger than that of lesions on DWMRI, suggesting that MTT map can evaluate the ischemic penumbra. Perfusion CT maps make it possible to evaluate not only ischemic core and ischemic penumbra, but also hemodynamic status in the perfusion defect area. These results demonstrate that perfusion CT can be useful to the diagnosis and treatment in the patients with acute cerebral ischemic infarction.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2015

Recently, change of Western pattern diet and lifestyle is caused by various metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. These diseases need to take medicine regularly. Also, many people take health functional food, various vitamins and nutritional supplements in order to maintain a healthy life. But, there was no study about affects taking medicines against bacteria with gastrointestinal relevance. This study was performed by antibacterial activity test to evaluate the influence of a long time or commonly used medication. As a result, medicines of Vitamins & Minerals or Central nervous system show antibacterial activity against beneficial enteric bacteria and harmful enteric bacteria. Dexibuprofen of the Anti-inflammatory Drugs that acts on the central nervous system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and harmful enteric bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Also, fenofibric acid of the antilipemic agents that acts on the Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei). Vitamins & Minerals appeared antibacterial activity against most intestinal bacteria. Vitamin B-Complex/with C and vitamin C were especially high with beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Bifidobacterium infantis) and harmful enteric bacteria (E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. flexneri, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus). Therefore, these results indicate that variously taking medicines have generally antibacterial activity against harmful enteric bacteria strains and beneficial enteric bacteria strains.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 2005

In the corpus luteum, TNF$\alpha$ is known to induce functional and structural luteolysis. In addition, it acts as luteotropic agent during the initial and early stage of luteal development. In spite of its importance in corpus luteal development, there is still different opinions for the source cells of TNF$\alpha$ in the corpus luteum. One is the macrophages only, and the other is macrophages are the main source and endothelial cells are the minor source. In this experiment, using the porcine corpora lutea of pregnancy and ovulatory stages, hematoxylin-eosin stain, macrophage and TNF$\alpha$ immunohistochemistry were carried to reveal the sources of TNF$\alpha$. As a result, MAC 387-positive macrophages were present in all the stages of corpora lutea. In the mature corpora lutea of nonpregnant stages, the sites of MAC 387-positive macrophages and those of TNF$\alpha$- positive macrophages were coincided, and the sites of endothelial cells and those of TNF$\alpha$-positive endothelial cells were nearly coincided. But, in the mature CL of pregnant stage, mid- and advanced luteolytic stages of both nonpregnant and pregnant stages, the sites of MAC 387-positive macrophages and those of TNF$\alpha$-positive macrophages were coincided, but not in the endothelial cells. Accordingly, it can be concluded that macrophages are the main source of TNF$\alpha$ in the corpus luteum and endothelial cells are the minor source in the mature and mid-lytic stages, but, in the advanced luteolytic stage, macrophages are the only source of TNF$\alpha$.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.430-439
• /
• 2020

This study focused on analyzing solid brown cosmetic residues that were excavated from the tomb of the Hwahyeop princess. The cosmetics had been buried in 1752 in Cheonghwa Baekja (small porcelain jars) within a Huigwakham (a stone box sealed with lime). A literature search and chemical analyses of the relics were conducted at the National Palace Museum of Korea. Based on the results of these analyses, raw materials and manufacturing methods for reproduction of the cosmetic were selected and then cream-form cosmetics were prepared. Aging tests using heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and CO₂ were carried out to emulate the deterioration of the excavated cosmetics. Further chemical analyses and functionality tests were performed to evaluate changes from the tests and the effect as a cosmetic. As heat aging progressed, among the reproduced cosmetics, the one which has a high proposition of oil showed a color difference value of 32; the oxidation of oils involved chemical changes in O-H and C=C groups. As the cosmetic cream deteriorated under UV aging, the pH value became acidic. The result of the functional coverage test of the reproduced cosmetic cream was lower than the standard coverage ratio of modern cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.318-332
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral modification of obese adults who underwent nutritional and physical activity education. Twenty obese females, aged 20-60 years old, with BMIs (Body Mass Index) >30 or body fat (%) >40 were subjected to this study. Methods: The physical activity education program consisted of doing exercise in a gymnasium together or home exercise. Dietary attitudes and dietary intakes were assessed using weight control, physical activity, and eating habits. The nutrition-exercise educational period was 12 weeks. Results: After the study period, there was significant improvement in physical activity and eating habits score. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, and niacin. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels showed a tendency to decrease, but there was no significant difference. BMI, fat mass, abdominal circumference, and visceral fat levels were significantly reduced while muscle mass significantly increased. Conclusions: This study suggests that behavioral modification by nutrition and physical activity education with feedback has positive effects on dietary intake and anthropometric biomarkers in obese adults. Therefore, lifestyle interventions of this kind could be recommended as a method for obesity management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.488-494
• /
• 2013

The anti-diabetic effect of green tea fermented by cheonggukjang was evaluated using KK-$A^y$ mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Over a 90 day testing period, food and water intake decreased significantly in the group fed fermented green tea (FGT) and a group fed commercially available health functional food (PC), when compared with a diabetic control group (DC). The blood glucose levels of FGT mice were lower than in DC mice throughout the test period and were similar to the levels in PC after 60 days. Levels of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and insulin resistance were lower in mice of the FGT group than in mice of the DC group. DNA microarray analysis showed that administration of FGT increased the abundance of 12 mRNA transcripts related to diabetes. Whereas FGT increased hexokinase transcripts related to glycolysis more than 37 fold, levels of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1) and Cacna1e (calcium channel) transcripts increased more than 1.8 fold.