• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.150-164
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the biodiversity changes and characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the Nakdong River with eight weirs, which was constructed as one of the Four Major River Restoration Projects from May to October 2020. The study also includes the analysis of changes in the major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates for about ten years, from 2010 to 2020. The surveys collected 97 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 83 genera, 52 families, 18 orders, five classes, three phyla, and 128.1 individuals/m². Chironomidae sp. and Tubificidae spp., which are pollutant indicators, dominated throughout the sections. The community analysis result shows the average dominant index and the diversity index of 0.62±0.20 and 1.87±0.63, respectively, and indicated the most stability of the freshwater ecosystem in the upper stream of the Nakdong River. The survey showed dominance by Chironomidae sp. at the center of the Nakdong River weir and the most unstable community in Chilgok and Gangjeong Goryeong weirs. The results of the community stability analysis showed a high distribution of the characteristic group I with high resilience and resistance and small distribution of characteristic group III with low resistance and resilience, indicating a very unstable condition of communities in the Nakdong River weir section. Predators were relatively abundant among the functional feeding groups (FFGs), whereas shredders, gathering-collectors, and filtering-collectors were relatively lower. Among the habitat orientation groups (HOGs), burrowers and climbers were dominant, indicating a wide distribution of groups in ecosystems with low dissolved oxygen. An endangered species level II of Macromia daimoji was found in Sangju and Nakdan weirs. The analysis results for 10 years from 2010 showed that the number of species and populations increased immediately after the dam construction but plummeted in 2016 and are now stabilizing. Chironomidae spp. has been dominant in all sections over the past 10 years, and they are currently maintained at a rate of about 50%. The EPT groups have decreased significantly since 2011, and the Plecoptera and Trichoptera of the group have not yet been restored. The population of Tubificidae spp. showed an increase after construction was completed in 2012 and drastically increased in 2015 and 2020. The species of Cristaria plicata, designated as endangered species level I, has not been observed since 2011 in Hapcheon Changnyeong weir. Moreover, Macromia daimoji was rarely observed in seven weirs until 2015, and it has been confirmed that the current distribution habitat has decreased rapidly.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure of arthropods, including various insect pests and their natural enemies, in walnut orchards. Furthermore, we tried to compare the species richness and community structure of arthropods by three different sampling methods, including beating, funnel trap, and pitfall trap. Arthropods were surveyed in three walnut orchards located at Gimcheon, Buyeo, and Hwaseong in South Korea from May to September, 2016. A total of 408 arthropod species were identified from 4,372 individuals, and 63 species were collected in all study sites. The species richness was the highest in funnel trap, while the abundance was the highest in pitfall trap. The species composition of the insects collected by the beating method was more similar to that of the funnel trap than the pitfall trap. Although the distributions of the economically important pests were different according to the study sites, six species, including Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Gastrolina depressa, Lycorma delicatula, Metcalfa pruinosa, and Pochazia shantungensis, are the potentially important pests in walnut orchards. We also found a variety of predators and parasitoids, which will be important for walnut pest management.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.496-502
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• 2016

This review describes the diversity of Korean fermented foods and their significance as potential sources of probiotic bacteria. Fermented foods consumed in Korea are categorized according to their base material. Fermented foods such as kimchi, meju, doenjang, kangjang, jeotgal, and makgeolli are reported to have significant medicinal properties. These fermented products, which are consumed regularly by local people, are rich sources of beneficial microbes represented by several genera, including Weissella spp., Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Mucor, Penicillium, Scopulariopsis, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Candida, Saccharomyces, and Bacillus, as well as lactic acid bacteria. Fermented foods are now taken beyond the boundaries of their use as mere side dishes and are used significantly as a functional as well as medicinal foods. Fermented foods are a rich source of potential natural substances with antioxidant, anticancer, anticholesteric, antiobesitic, and antiaging properties, so that traditional fermented foods used as food supplements can impart health benefits. Publication of scientific studies on the dietary benefits of various fermented foods and growing consciousness about the potential health benefits of traditional fermented food are reflected in the scores of reports currently available in this field. Food microbiologists now have abundant opportunities to explore Korean traditional fermented foods for the isolation of new bacterial strains and to evaluate the potential applications of these strains through microbiological research.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

Fish patty is a product spotlighted recently in the application area of functional food because its main ingredients are soybean and fish with various functions which make it highly digestible, tasty, rich with protein and calcium, and with low fat. Thus, in order to optimize fish patties, this study analyzed their water content, colors, texture and sensory characteristics according to the addition of soybean powder. As a result, water content and lightness decreased with the increase of the addition of soybean powder while hardness, elasticity, chewiness, and gumminess increased with the increase of the addition of soybean powder. Among sensory characteristics, taste, chewiness and texture were highest in S2, and in general evaluation, S2 received the highest score. Thus, S2 was found the most appropriate addition of soybean powder in making fish patties. Based on the results of this study, if fish patties to which soybean powder is added can be used in hamburgers and other food products for the diversity, functionality, and high quality of processed food products using soybean and fish, people's appreciation of hamburgers will be changed, and this will bring a new turning point to the consumption of hamburgers. Furthermore, it is believed that the development of healthy patty-type soybean powder products may resolve worries about fast food and quality-related and health-related problems in hamburger patties.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

This study starts from the fact that we need residential complex for the purpose of public interests, rather than for profits, and find a new perspective on the concept of public-oriented residential complex in the cities that had slow growth. In this study, we 1) propose a new concept of the residential complex that can vitalize regional communities and maintain the interest of the public : 'functional-mix', 'social-mix', 'spatial-mix', 2) produce a model simulation based on the development principles including development direction, types of development, and design guidelines, ; six development principles(goal, concept, development type, spatial structure, space element, spatial hierarchy), diversity of housing types, facilities that can vitalize and contribute the regional communities 3) propose practical methods that can realize and promote the proposed concept and model simulation. ; need to amend the housing construction Law.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.487-497
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• 2017

South Korea needs reorganization of dispute resolution system due to the frequent occurrence of a case that trade secret or technique are leaked. First, the distributed various laws are established and enforced by enacting and enforcing individual laws. Therefore, the redundancy problems, the collision of individual laws, the decline in diversity, integrity, and connectivity are issues. An independent legal system is needed by Act on the Prevention and Protection of Technology Leakage. Thereby, The support system of technological protection that is sprayed in government departments such as the Small and Medium Business Administration, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Patent Office, the Fair Trade Commission, the Trade Committee, the National Police Agency, and the Spy Agency integrates and unifies institutionally, and it is necessary to advance a policy with functional division. Second, the Patent Tribunal, the Invention Promotion Act, the Industrial Property Right Dispute Mediation Committee by the patent law, the Industrial Technical Dispute Mediation Committee on the Industrial Technology Outflow Prevention and Protection Law and the Medium and Small Firm Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Committee on Small Business Technology Protection Support Law are installed. However, since it established the integrated law on the Act on the Prevention and Protection of Technology Leakage, it is desirable to set the merged operation of establishment on the Technical Dispute Mediation Committee under the Small and Medium Business Administration or the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.941-951
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• 2012

The changes of forest habitats and maeulsoops(village forests) in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea are examined using landscape indices and morphological pattern analysis, and their landscape-ecological implications on conserving biological diversity are presented. We used FRAGSTATS and GUIDOS software, as well as land cover maps(of 1989 and 2006) to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of habitat composition and configuration in surrounding landscapes of 34 representative maeulsoops and Jinan-gun. The results showed decreases in the amount of core habitats and corridors and habitat connectivity at a regional scale since 1989. In addition, multi-scale habitat analysis at a focal scale revealed that the structural and functional connectivity between forest habitats surrounding maeulsoops of the year 2006 was lower than that of the year 1989. In order to reduce forest fragmentation and to enhance the connectivity among habitats, it is necessary to provide the additional habitat corridors as well as preserving existing corridors and surrounding landscapes of maeulsoops. We also suggest that a combination of landscape indices and morphological spatial pattern analysis can provide an effective tool to assess the habitat functions and configuration in a rapidly changing landscape.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.727-734
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• 2013

Makgeolli mashes that were brewed using five different commercial nuruks (fermentation starters) were investigated for changes in physicochemistry, microbial diversity, and biogenic amine (BA) production. Mash A brewed with the nuruk (Gaeryang-nuruk) had the highest level of alcohol concentration and the greatest number of yeast cells, whereas mash E had the greatest number of bacterial cells. Only three biogenic amines were detected in the makgeolli mashes: tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine. Using a PCR-DGGE technique, we observed that mash E had the highest BA production, and had the greatest number of bands on the denaturing gradient gels. We also observed that the numbers of bacterial cells correlated significantly with the putrescine and the total BA content, and that the BA content correlated significantly with the color values (L, a, b). This study shows that the quality of a makgeolli can depend on the type of nuruk. Therefore, we suggest that the quality management of makgeolli should start with the stage of nuruk manufacture.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.