• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

The volatile aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum K. were separated by hydro distillation extraction (HDE) method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of C. zawadskii var. latilobum K. flower essential oil (FEO) was 0.12% (w/w) and the color was light green. Fifty-five volatile chemical components, which make up 88.38% of the total aroma composition, were tentatively characterized. C. zawadskii var. latilobum K. FEOs contained 27 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 7 ketones, 4 esters, 1 aldehyde, 1 amine, and 3 miscellaneous components. The major functional groups were terpene alcohol and ketone. Borneol (12.96), (${\pm}$)-7-epi-amiteol (12.60), and camphor (10.54%) were the predominant volatiles. These compounds can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to their active bio-functional properties.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1999

Milk is a first food for as long as the mammalian race has existed. A characteristic unique to mammal is their ability to secrete milk as a source of nutrients and immunological protection for their young. From a nutitrional viewpoint, milk has heen described as nature's most perfect food, owing mainly to its biological role as the only source of nutrition for the infant mammal. Milk is estimated to contain more than 100,000 molecular species, However, the average contents of milk can be simplified to 3.4% fat, 3.1% protein (80% casein protein and 20% whey protein), 4.5% lactose, and 0.7% ash. Chemically, milk is a very complex fluid rich in nutrients, antibodies, growth factors, antimicrobial components etc. This report will discuss functional properties of milk components, such as lactoferrin, opoid peptide, CPP, cGMP and sialic acid etc.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an other-wise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1641-1644
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• 2004

Several [2]- and [3]rotaxanes bearing some functional groups on their wheel components and spacers with different lengths between two ammonium centers on their dumbbell components were prepared in good yields from dibenzo-24-crown-8-ether derivatives and dumbbell-shaped bis(sec-ammonium salt)s having a centrally located disulfide linkage, by utilizing the reversible thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. The shuttling behaviors of the [2]rotaxanes were investigated by $^1H$ NMR by use of the spin polarization transfer-selective inversion recovery technique. It was found that the change in spacer length in the axle resulted in a drastic change in shuttling rate of the [2]rotaxanes, although the introduction of the functional groups to the wheels did not affect the shuttling behavior at all.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.86
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• pp.867-872
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• 2007

The aging is related to numerous changes in our body system which declines functional ability. The functional ability in advanced age can be evaluated by the 4 components of fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and body composition). The understanding and knowledge of changing 4 components of fitness and the role of exercise on the process of aging is of paramount importance. Despite exercise and physical activity have been shown to delay the process of aging, the exercise guidelines and recommendations for old adults are not well published. This review is to presents the age-related changes in each component of fitness and to present current guidelines and recommendations for exercise in older adults.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.123-129
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• 2010

This study aimed at analyzing the trend of carbon dioxide emission for direct and indirect areas by using inter industry relations table between 2000, 2003 and 2005 in the key building materials and components. Results of this study are as follows; First, the material and components for this study was selected in 20 industries of products such as sand, gravel, cement, concrete articles, rebar, and steel bar. Second, among the 20 selected key building materials, the group with the highest carbon-dioxide emission was shown in ready-mixed concrete, concrete articles, and primary aluminum goods. Third, as a result of analyzing the changes to the units of carbon dioxide emission according to passage of time, the number of items which is changed in such as sustained increase or decrease over time was insignificant in carbon-emission change trend.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.358-373
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• 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction is a critical bottleneck for the development of efficient electrochemical hydrogen production because of its sluggish reaction. Among various catalysts, transition metal-based layered double hydroxide has drawn significant attention due to their excellent catalytic properties and cost-effectiveness. This paper begins with basic crystal structures, and then conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism of layered double hydroxide. Strategies for enhancing catalytic properties based on adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice oxygen mechanism that could surpass theoretical limit of adsorbate evolution mechanism are discussed. This paper ends with a brief discussion on the challenges and future directions of layered double hydroxide-based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

A unique biophysical membrane which surrounds the milk fat globules is called the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Various researches were studied about origin, composition, structure and bioactive components of MFGM. Bioactive protein components of MFGM play an important beneficiary function such as defense mechanism in new born. Among the bioactive lipid components from MFGM phospholipids showed health enhancing functions. The phospholipids also help in the production of certain dairy product from deterioration. MFGM phospholipids also showed antioxidant activity in some dairy products such as butter and ghee produced from milk of buffalo. Based on the beneficial effects, researchers developed MFGM as functional ingredients in various food products. This current review focuses on health enhancing function of MFGM and its components in various dairy products.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.415-433
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• 1991

Seasonal variation in size and number of floral structures was examined in two massachusetts populations of chelidonium major, a self-compatible herb. All floral charcters except for anther number per flower declind significantly during a 3 week period. However, temporal patterns were not identical among characters or between popolations. The result indicate that floral characters varied in conjunction with flower diameter,but that the pattern of changes in floral characters in response to environments may not be easy to predict. Principal components analysis was conducted to environments may not be easy to predict. principal compenents analysis was conducted tl identify the functional relationship among floral male function, and female function, respectively, perhaps reflecting the functional distinction of floral characters. Based on this pattern, the relative allocation to sexual structures within flowers was examined: male allocation was relatively greater than female allocation eary or in the middle of flowering season, depending upon populations. Temporalvariation in relative allocation within flowers was not independent of seed tield components:; different combinations of the size and number of floral characters were correlated with different seed yield components, for example, either seed size or number per fruit, during a season. in particular, allocations to attractive and male structures were highly correlated with mean seed weight only earlier in the season. These result provide some evidence that flowering phenolgy is an important comportant to be considered in the study of sexual allocation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.286-294
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• 2010

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome(CRPS) is a chronic neruopathic pain syndrome, most frequently encountered after trauma, nerve injury, fracture, cerebral vascular accident(CVA), spinal injury, and surgery to a limb, and affected by diverse factors such as disease process, intervention method, and other biopsychosocial components. Occupational therapy as a multidisciplinary treatment approach may be potentially useful when simultaneously targeting such biological, psychological, and social components. Biological treatment can focus on increasing functional use of extremity for promoting independence. Psychological intervention can include relaxation/biofeedback training and cognitive-behavioral treatments, and social approach can focus on recreational therapy and vocational rehabilitation. Occupational therapy will encourage functional restoration, pain management, and regaining of psychological components with collaboration between different disciplines.