• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.652-657
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• 1987

This paper describes an application of CMOS Gate Array Integrated Cricuits to the implementation of three functional units: A Multiplexer, Time Switch, and Demultiplexer in the Switching Network and Digital Line Concentrator of TDX-1 system, which is a fully digital time division electronic switching system in Korea. The application of CMOS Gate Array Integrated Circuits significantly improves the overall system performance in terms of power consumption, cost, size, reliability, and timing margin, etc.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.206-214
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• 2005

The health function food law has been carried into effect from January 31, 2004 just after the proposal of 'a draft of a proposed law concerning the health function foods for the promotion of a nation health' on November 29, 2000 in Korea. After enforcement of health functional food law, there have been difficult market penetration with overall stagnancy of business activities and the current of health functional food within the country divided two groups. In standardized health functional foods the present condition, nutrition supplementary products (938 items) and red ginseng products (351 items) are prevalent and total 32 products are registered containing lactobacilli (297 items), glucosamine (295 items), ginseng (182 items), yeast(136 items) so on. In 2005, five products (products containing green tea extract, soybean protein, plant sterol, fructooligo sugar and Monascus sp. products are newly notified and raw material or component of total 21 products containing xylitol, teanin extract, sardine peptide are recognized as individual authorized health functional foods. Efficacies of ginseng are studied in many-sided researches but benefits of the ginseng in the health functional food law limited to 3 items (staminaresume, immune enhancement, nourishment robustness). To enlarge functionalities of ginseng it needs raw material and ingredient approval through data application to Korea Food and Drug Administration and this procedure acts as barrier of the functional food development in the ginseng industry. It is necessary to develop the authorized health functional foods for leading health functional food market in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.579-591
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• 2022

Functional data is collected in various fields. It is often necessary to test whether there are differences among groups of functional data. In this case, it is not appropriate to explain using the point-wise ANOVA method, and we should present not the point-wise result but the integrated result. Various studies on functional data analysis of variance have been proposed, and recently implemented those methods in the package fdANOVA of R. In this paper, I first explain ANOVA and multivariate ANOVA, then I will introduce various methods of analysis of variance for univariate and multivariate functional data recently proposed. I also describe how to use the R package fdANOVA. This package is used to test equality of weekly temperatures in Seoul and Busan through univariate functional data ANOVA, and to test equality of multivariate functional data corresponding to handwritten images using multivariate function data ANOVA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2023

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb) toxicity, are increasing in soil and are considered toxic in small amounts. Pb contamination is mainly caused by industrialization - smelting, mining. Agricultural practices - sewage sludge, pests and urban practices - lead paint. It can seriously damage and threaten crop growth. Pb can adversely affect plant growth and development by affecting the photosystem, cell membrane integrity, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)andsuperoxide(O₂.-). NO is produced via enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to scavenge ROS and lipid peroxidation substrates in terms of protecting cells from oxidative damage. Thus, NO improves ion homeostasis and confers resistance to metal stress. Our results here suggest that exogenous NO may aid in better growth under lead stress. These enhancements may be aided by NO's ability in sensing, signaling and stress tolerance in plants under heavy metal stress in combination with lead stress. Our results show that GSNO has a positive effect on soybean seedling growth in response to axillary pressure and that NO supplementation helps to reduce chlorophyll maturation and relative water content in leaves and roots following strong burst under lead stress. GSNO supplementation (200 µM and 100 µM) reduced compaction and approximated oxidative damage of MDA, proline and H₂O₂. Under plant tension, a distorted appearance was found in the relief of oxidative damage by ROS scavenging by GSNO application. In summary, modulation of these NO, PCS and prolongation of metal past reversing GSNO application confirms the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean. In summary, these NO, PCS and metal traditionally sustained rates of reverse GSNO application confirm the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2010

The near-infrared absorbing donor-acceptor chromophores have been investigated by varying the electron donating and accepting molecular moiety. A series of near-infrared absorbing chromophores were offered narrow and intense absorption band in a various organic solvents. The dyes synthesised were, however, strongly bathochromic shift which extended well into the near-infrared region. The functional uses of dyes are vast in number, and it is convenient to classify them in some way. In all cases, it is the $\Pi$-chromophore that plays a major role in the functional application. "Light absorption" is of course the most commonly used property of a dye chromophore, and it can be employed directly, e.g. in light filters and optical data recording, or it can be used to drive further functional processes, e.g. fluorescence, photochromism, photosensitization.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2020

Recently, chitosan has increased attention in commercial applications in the food industry in terms of its biocompatibility and nontoxicity. In particular, chitosan has been used as a good hosting material for producing nanoparticles due to its unique property of ionic gelation. Chitosan has disadvantages such as low solubility at physiological pH, causing the metabolism of core material in the intestine and gastric juice. To overcome these limitations, various chitosan derivatives such as carboxylated, thiolated, and acylated chitosan have been studied. This review focuses on the changes in the physicochemical properties of chitosan nanoparticles with the introduction of hydrophobic groups, the application of functional nanocapsules as coatings, and their applicability in the food sector. The physicochemical modification of chitosan is expected to be an attractive research field for the development of chitosan applications for food as well as for improving bioavailability in functional food.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.388-411
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• 2003

The purpose of this study has been conducted to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of the patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and find differences about spasticity effects among each group. The objects of this study covered 24 patients with hemiplgia who are either in the oo hospital in Daegu or under treatment from home to hospital. The objects fall into three groups which are a group of neurological development treatment, a group of functional stimulus treatment and a group of neurological development treatment and functional stimulus treatment. The result of this study were as follows : 1) The neurological development treatment has been found to reduce the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity has been shown to be statistically meaningful ,and gradually over the period of between 4 weeks and 8 weeks(P <.05). 2) The functional electric stimulus treatment has been shown to reduce the lower limb's spasticity of patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke of apoplexy and compared to before-treatment, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks, even at the time of 8 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity have shown statistical meaningness. (P <.05) 3) When neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment was applied at the same time, the lower limbs' spasticity of patients with hemiplegia was reduced meaningfully(P <.05). Compared to before-treatment at the time of 4 weeks, the MAS value of spasticity was statistically meaningful and compared to 4 weeks at the time of 8 weeks the MAS value of spasticity was also statistically meaningful(P <.05) 4) In the case of time-based MAS value of each group, functional electric stimulus treatment reduced the spasticity more meaningfully than neurological development treatment, and the group of same application of functional electric stimulus treatment and neurological development treatment showed better statistical meaningness than functional electric stimulus treatment alone(P <.05) and finally the group of same application of neurological development treatment and functional electric stimulus treatment showed more meaningful difference than neurological development treatment alone(P <.05)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.764-775
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• 2020

Lifespans are increasing and many consumers are interested in health issues in these busy modern days, developing functional clothing that can be worn everyday is one of the competitive solutions in the oversaturated clothing market. When developing a new item with a fresh idea, it is important to look into prior art beforehand to avoid unnecessary intellectual property right-related disputes. This study investigates Korean domestic patents and utility models about functional clothing in terms of human body performance and health promotion in order to suggest essential data to relevant developers. We selected 324 patents and utility models and made an analysis according to the year, functions, applied technologies, frequency of claims, target wearers and item types. We found problems in current functional clothing patent application trends and suggested new aspects when developing innovative functional clothing items. Data was limited to Korean domestic patents; however, this study is still meaningful giving references to technology roadmaps and encouraging new intellectual property development.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2165-2182
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• 2017

Let G be a group and $\mathbb{C}$ the field of complex numbers. Suppose ${\sigma}:G{\rightarrow}G$ is an endomorphism satisfying ${{\sigma}}({{\sigma}}(x))=x$ for all x in G. In this paper, we first determine the central solution, f : G or $G{\times}G{\rightarrow}\mathbb{C}$, of the functional equation $f(xy)+f({\sigma}(y)x)=2f(x)+2f(y)$ for all $x,y{\in}G$, which is a variant of the quadratic functional equation. Using the central solution of this functional equation, we determine the general solution of the functional equation f(pr, qs) + f(sp, rq) = 2f(p, q) + 2f(r, s) for all $p,q,r,s{\in}G$, which is a variant of the equation f(pr, qs) + f(ps, qr) = 2f(p, q) + 2f(r, s) studied by Chung, Kannappan, Ng and Sahoo in [3] (see also [16]). Finally, we determine the solutions of this equation on the free groups generated by one element, the cyclic groups of order m, the symmetric groups of order m, and the dihedral groups of order 2m for $m{\geq}2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of a specific functional shoe in terms of the range of motion (ROM) of ankle and foot joints during walking when compared to a standardized shoe. METHODS: Kinematic ROM data pertaining to ankle, tarsometatarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were collected from twenty-six healthy individuals during walking using a ten-camera motion analysis system. Kinematic ROM of each joint in three planes was obtained over ten walking trials consisting of two different shoe conditions. Visual3D motion analysis was finally used to coordinate the kinematic data. All kinematic ROM data were interpolated using a cubic spline algorithm and low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 6 Hz for smoothing. RESULTS: The overall ROM of the ankle joint in the sagittal and coronal planes when wearing the specific functional shoe was significantly decreased in both ankles during walking when compared to wearing a standard shoe (p<.05). Significantly more flexibility was observed when wearing the specific functional shoe in the tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints compared to a standard shoe (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Although clinical application of the specific functional shoe has shown clear positive effects on knee and ankle moments, the results of this study provide important background information regarding the kinematic mechanisms of these effects.