• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.187-199
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• 2009

The objective of the research is to investigate the causal relationships among functional value, emotional value, social value, perceived sacrifice, satisfaction, loyalty and behavioral intention. All in all, 296 respondents completed a questionnaire themselves in the presence of an interviewer who could be consulted about the response scales and other technical matters. Behavioral intention models were estimated by structural equation modelling using 7 latent constructs. The results demonstrated that the confirmatory factor analysis model provided a good model fit. The unconstrained model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the constraint model. The effects of functional value and social value on satisfaction and behavioral intention were statistically significant. The effects of perceived sacrifice, satisfaction and loyalty on behavioral intention were statistically significant. As expected, satisfaction had a significant effect on loyalty. Functional value had an indirect effect on behavioral intention through satisfaction and loyalty. Moreover, social value had an indirect effect on behavioral intention through satisfaction and loyalty. Replicating and extending this study in other regions and other samples would test the generalizability of the present findings and provide a basis for an external validation of the framework developed in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is designed to grasp how consumers' beliefs about the lunch box attributes such as healthiness, diversity, price, hygiene, and package eco-friendliness affect consumers' perceived value and purchasing behavior. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from 615 respondents composed of men and women aged 20 to 59 who purchased lunch box products and were sampled using the quota sampling method. An online survey was conducted. The data were analyzed using the measurement model and structural equation model assessment with SPSS 24 and SmartPLS 4.0. Results: First, healthiness, diversity, hygiene, and the price had a significant positive effect on the perceived functional value of consumers, but package eco-friendliness did not significantly affect functional value. On the other hand, healthiness, diversity, price, and package eco-friendliness were found to have a positive impact on consumers' perceived emotional value, but hygiene was found to have no significant effect on emotional value. It was found that functional and emotional values significantly positively affected repurchase intention. Conclusions: This study confirmed that consumers' belief in the product attributes of franchise lunch boxes influenced consumers' perceived value, which thus formed the attitude of consumers and showed a relationship that affects repurchase intention. At the end of this paper, the managerial implications for the franchise lunch box brand, the limitations of this study, and future research directions were presented.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2021

This paper explores how the positive effect achieved when consumption value matches brand benefit can increase brand loyalty. Prior research on consumption value mainly focused on perceived value; these studies omit consumers' views of consumption value. Therefore, this study examines the effect of congruence between consumption values (functional, emotional, social, and ethical value) and perceived brand benefits (enabling, enticing, symbolic, and socially responsible benefits) on consumers' brand identification, trust, and loyalty. We find a positive effect on brand identification and brand trust when a consumer's value is similar to a brand benefit, particularly between functional value and enabling benefit, and ethical value and socially responsible benefit. However, congruence between consumption value and perceived brand benefit only had an indirect effect on brand loyalty by mediating brand identification and trust. This study provides a basis for implementing a marketing strategy to build brand assets and increase brand loyalty by providing consumers with the value they want in a diversified market.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.375-393
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• 2023

Rabinowitz action functional is the Lagrange multiplier functional of the negative area functional to a constraint given by the mean value of a Hamiltonian. In this note we show that on a symplectization there is a one-to-one correspondence between gradient flow lines of Rabinowitz action functional and gradient flow lines of the restriction of the negative area functional to the constraint. In the appendix we explain the motivation behind this result. Namely that the restricted functional satisfies Chas-Sullivan additivity for concatenation of loops which the Rabinowitz action functional does in general not do.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.329-332
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• 2000

This paper proposed resource allocation algorithm for the minimum power consumption of functional unit in high level synthesis process as like DSP which is circuit to give many functional unit. In this paper, the proposed method though high level simulation find switching activity in circuit each functional unit exchange for binary sequence length and value bit are logic one value. To used the switching activity find the allocation with minimal power consumption, the proposed method visits all control steps one by one and determines the allocation with minimal power consumption at each control step.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

We investigate the number of solutions for the superlinear elliptic bifurcation problem with Dirichlet boundary condition. We get a theorem which shows the existence of at least $k$ weak solutions for the superlinear elliptic bifurcation problem with boundary value condition. We obtain this result by using the critical point theory induced from invariant linear subspace and the invariant functional.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2022

Objectives: Using algometer, measure the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the epigastric pain(心下痞硬) and calculate the cut-off value, and this can serve as the basis for prognostic diagnosis of functional dyspepsia so we would like to evaluate its diagnostic value. Methods: We investigated 353 patients with functional dyspepsia symptoms who admitted Gangnam Weedahm Oriental Hospital from February 1, 2021 to February 27, 2021. At the time of the patient's visit, an oriental medical doctor measured the pressure at the first pain point on the Algometer of (CV14), twice each, at 1minute intervals. The ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve and the optimal cut-off value derived through the diagnosis of the (CV14) PPT value for epigastric pain(心下痞硬) and the gold standard of oriental medical doctor, it was evaluated through. Results: In 353 patients, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.909 (p=0). In addition, the optimal cutting value was 10.05 (kg/cm2), which was statistically significant. Additionally, the sensitivity of the Algometer's PPT measurement was 0.704 and the specificity was 0.884. As a result, if the PPT value of the Algometer exceeds 10.05 (kg/cm²) in terms of the optimal cutting value, it can be seen that epigastric pain(心下痞硬) is lost. Conclusion: Algometer's PPT value measurement can be a reliable test method for quantification of epigastric pain(心下痞硬) diagnosis and can be useful as an objective indicator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 2010

This study details the history and characteristics of consumption values, text style analyses, and appeal types expressed in magazine commercials from 1955 to 2008. This study analyzes the level of the social structure of commercial expression for each period. Consumption values based on the categories of consumption values by Sheth (1991) were classified through a total commercials analysis. Analyses on closing types of sentences, types of sentences, and rhetorical figures were executed focusing on headline text and text style. Appealing types were composed of rational, emotional, and ethical appeals. For analysis, the crosstab analysis and chi-square test of SPSS are used. The results are as follow. Seven values were constructed, functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, epistemic value, fashionable value, and indistinct value. The ratio of emotional value was the highest and functional value, epistemic value conditional value, fashionable value, social value, and indistinct value followed. The emotional value social value, conditional value, fashionable value, and epistemic value that focused on the emotion of consumers increased, while the functional value decreased. Sentences that use narrative styles, hyperboles, and metaphors that increased the interest of readers were dominantly used in the headline texts. For sentence expression, a declarative sentence in a sentence type, exciting curiosity in the expression method where hyperbole and figures of speech in rhetorical expressions are used most often. Emotional appeal was used almost twice more than the reasonable appeal for appeal types of the total commercial. The lower level of reasonable appeal is information that provides the product function. Interest and expression (such as pleasure and achievement) were used most often for emotional appeal. These results show that the most important issue is the emotional value in consumption in understanding the consumer. Marketing managers should also be aware of the functional value as well as an emotional value.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2012

This study analyzed the differences in value perception and purchasing intention for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class and investigated what influences people's value perception for natural cosmetics had on their purchasing intention. Total 450 questionnaires were distributed to adults of over 20s to 50s for the period from Dec. 1, 2011 to Dec. 14 and 410 questionnaires were used as analysis data. As for collected data, the statistical package SPSS 18.0 Version was used for factor analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Scheffe-test, correlations analysis and multiple regression analysis. LOHAS class was divided into three groups (higher, middle and lower) based on LOHAS index. Through factor analysis, the value perception for natural cosmetics were divided into three factors (social value, emotional and functional value perception). The results of this study were obtained as below. First, in case of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class, it was demonstrated that the higher LOHAS classes they were, the higher value perception for natural cosmetics (social, emotional and functional value perception) they had. Second, in case of the effects of the value perception for natural cosmetics by LOHAS class on their purchasing intention (intention to use and recommendation of usage), it was found that their value perception influenced their purchasing intention. Social value perception and functional value perception, especially social value perception largely affected the purchasing intention of all LOHAS classes, while emotional value perception didn't affected the purchasing intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.3 s.168
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• pp.162-169
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• 2005

The functional external fixator system fur bone deformity near joints in legs using the worm gear was developed for curing the difference angles in fracture bone and the lengthening bar for curing the difference length in fracture bone. Both experiments and FE analysis were performed to compare the elastic stiffness in several loading modes and to improve the functional external fixator system for the bone deformity. The FE model using the compressive and bending FE analysis was applied to the FE analysis due to the angle differences. The results show that the compressive stiffness value in experiment was 175.43N/mm; the bending stiffness value in experiment was 259.74N/mm; compressive stiffness value in FEM was 188.67N/mm; bending stiffness value in FEA was 285.71N/mm. The errors between experiments and FEA were less than 10%. The maximum stress (157MPa) to the angle of clamp was lower than the yield stress (176.4MPa) of SUS316L. The stiffnesses in both axial compressive and bending of the new fixator are about 2 times higher than other products except EBI (2003).