• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1070-1080
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• 2002

This study was designed to obtain the information concerning food intake, dietary habits, functional status, health condition and cognitive status of the elderly using public health center in Ulsan area. The subjects of this study consisted 154 elderly persons aged 60~82 years. Interviews were conducted using the health habits and food frequency questionnaires to provide basic information for nutrition education program. We evaluated the current food intake, dietary cholesterol intake (cholesterol index), functional status, cognitive function and blood analysis of the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : Mean age of the subjects was 68.7 $\pm$ 6.7years. The average cognitive status score of the subjects was 7.9 $\pm$ 2.0 (full score was 10.0). Male had a higher cognitive status score than female. There was significant difference between cognitive status score and age, education level, pocket money, physical activity and living condition. The subjects who had a higher cognitive status score ate more fish and meats group and milk and milk products than the subjects had a lower cognitive status score. And hemoglobin level, serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index affected to cognitive status while fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol did not any effect on cognitive status. These results have demonstrated that various socioeconomic variables and food intake pattern and nutritional status affect on cognitive status with aging and suggest that proper nutrition education and adequate nutrient intake in quality and quantity are essential in maintaining cognitive status in later life.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Kwamegi, a traditional Korean food, is made from the flesh of Pacific saury (the fish Cololabis saira semi-dried in a cold wind off the sea, and is well known in Korea as a valuable health food. Recently, several functional materials have been developed for supplementation of Kwamegi. Here, we compared and analyzed the nutrient composition, including overall composition and mineral, vitamin, fatty acid, and amino acid levels, of several commercial Kwamegi samples prepared with addition of functional components (unsupplemented Kwamegi, Kwamegi with chitosan, and Kwamegi overlaid with gold leaf). The levels of moisture (26.4-30.8%), crude protein (29.1-32.7%), and crude ash (1.6-1.9%) did not differ greatly among samples. However, the crude lipid content of Kwamegi overlaid with gold leaf (KOGL, 32.2%) was greater than that of untreated Kwamegi (CK, 24.5%) or of Kwamegi with added chitosan (KAC, 22.9%). The levels of vitamin $B_2$ (1.8-2.0 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (6.6-6.7 mg/100 g) did not differ greatly among Kwamegi samples. However, CK had a higher vitamin A content and a greater vitamin A potency than did KAC or KOGL. The various Kwamegi samples tested contained similar levels of fatty acids and amino acids. In conclusion, no particular differences in nutrient composition were evident when commercial Kwamegi samples supplemented with functional ingredients were tested

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.702-713
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of constipation, bowel habits and nutrient intakes of college students. The subjects were 353 college students (166 males and 187 females) aged 19 to 29 years in Incheon area. The subjects were asked about bowel habits and dietary intake using questionnaires during march, 2008 and the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) was based on the Rome II criteria. The prevalence of FC in male and female students was 12.7% and 28.9%, respectively. The prevalence of self-reported constipation in male and female students was 12.0% and 36.9%, respectively. Both were higher in female students compared to male students. Among the subjects that have self-reported constipation, proportions of FC were 35.0% in male students and 55.1% in female students. Of subjects that did not self-reported constipation, the proportions of FC were 9.6% in male students and 13.6% in female students. Over 90% of respondents that self-reported constipation in male students, had neither visited a hospital and nor used laxatives or functional foods for constipation relief. Seventy five point three percent of male students, and 40.1% of female students, had a defecation frequency of over 5 times per week (p < 0.001). Ratios intaken under the estimated average requirement (EAR) of Vit A, Vit C, folic acid and Ca were over the 50% regardless of functional constipation. Mean daily consumption of total dietary fiber was 15.0 g/day in male students and 13.5 g/day in female students. According to these results, both functional constipation and self-reported constipation are more frequent in female college students and further studies are required in case-control study and related to psychological factors as well as nutrients to relieve of constipation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vegetative buffer to reduce runoff and soil and nutrient loss at highland agricultural area. The soil of experimental field was classified as Ungyo series (Fine, Humic Hapludults). An area of each field with lysimeter was $50m^2(width\;2.5m{\times}length\;20m)$ and was a gradient of 17%. Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) was cultivated by general management in each field. For establishing vegetative buffer, rye (Secalecereale L.), tall fescue (Festucaarundinacea Schreb) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were planted at the edge of field. Rye buffers were 1m, 2m and 4m wide. Both orchard grass and tall fescue buffers were 2m wide. Vegetative buffers were set up in September 2005 and chinese cabbage was planted in June 2006. Soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss were measured from June to August in 2006. Since the precipitation amount was heavy in July, amounts of runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss were the highest in July during this study period. In comparison with control, vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m reduced runoff by 3%, 1% and 2%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, rye 1m, rye 2m, and rye 4m reduced by 1%, 4% and 13%, respectively. Vegetative buffers of rye 2m, orchard grass 2m and tall fescue 2m showed the reducing of soil loss by 59%, 46% and 28%, respectively. In comparison among width of rye buffer, the highest reducing effect of 88% was observed in 4m treatment. Additionally, vegetative buffer reduced N, P and K losses in runoff and eroded soil which were 10 to 54%, 7 to 24% and 11 to 21%, respectively. In different widths, wider vegetative buffer showed lower loss of N, P and K in runoff and eroded soil. As a result of this study, the vegetative buffer of rye was most effective for reducing runoff and soil loss in comparisons with other plants. In addition, wider range of buffers recommended for reducing runoff and soil loss, if possible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.921-929
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with oil palm frond (leaf) (OPF) with and without oil palm meal (OPM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in goats. Methods: Six female crossbred goats were fed for 28 days of 3 diet treatments; 100% para-grass (T1); 50% para-grass + 50% OPF (T2), and 30% para-grass + 50% OPF + 20% OPM (T3). Body weight, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and urine volume, food intake, dry matter intake and water intake were measured daily. Nutrient digestibility was determined from five consecutive days of last week in each diet. Ruminal fluid, urine and blood were collected at the end for determination of rumen protozoa and volatile fatty acid contents, urinary allantoin excretion, blood cell count and chemistry profiles. Results: Goats fed T2 and T3 showed higher dry matter and nutrients intakes while protein digestibility was suppressed compared with those for T1. Crude fat digestibility declined in T2 but maintained after adding the OPM (T3). High fat intake by giving OPF and OPM corresponded to a higher ruminal acetate/propionate ratio (C2/C3) and serum cholesterol level. An increased urinary allantoin/creatinine ratio was found in T2 and T3 compared with T1, implying an increased number of ruminal microbes. Conclusion: Increased dry matter intake in T2 and T3 suggested that oil palm by-products are partly useful as a replacement for para-grass in goats. Replacement with the by-products increased plasma cholesterol level, which suggested that these products are a useful energy source. Changes in rumen parameters suggested an increased microbial number and activity suitable for acetate production. However, the limited digestibility of protein implies that addition of high protein feeds may be recommended to increase body weight gain of goats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.940-946
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• 2008

In the development of a nutrient enhanced functional food, kimchi was produced by using high $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing lactic acid bacterium as a starter strain. The strain isolated from kimchi was identified by using an API kit and named Lactobacillus sp. OPK 2-59. Kimchi was produced by 3 methods 1) monosodium glutamate (MSG) added (M group); 2) starter added (S group); 3) MSG+starter added (M&S group). The produced kimchi was fermented for 24 hr in an incubator at a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ and stored at $0-1^{\circ}C$ to examine its characteristics. The M&S group exhibited a sharper increase in acidity and a steeper fall in pH as well as a higher number of lactobacilli. The M&S group kimchi had 18 mg/100 g (fresh weight, f.w.) of GABA, whereas the M and S group each had 6 mg/100 g (f.w.) GABA. According to functional evaluation, the M&S group kimchi, which has higher GABA, was not significantly different in taste, color, texture, or smell, but the M&S group was generally superior. In summary, using Lactobacillus sp. OPK 2-59 and MSG, a high quality kimchi with increased GABA content can be produced as a functional food.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.168-180
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• 2016

Various researches on the effects of fertilization levels on functional metabolites in crop have been conducted. This review summarizes the previous studies on the relation between fertilization supply and accumulation of metabolites (phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and glucosinolates) which function as antioxidants in crop. The accumulation of phenolic compounds is related to the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in phenylpropanoid pathway. Most of the previous studies discuss that low nitrogen (N) supply activates PAL, thereby increasing the synthesis of phenolics. Similarly, high N supply leads to a decrease in ascorbic acid because of the shading effect derived from the accelerated vegetative growth under high N level. Unlike the phenolics and ascorbic acid, carotenoids are accumulated with increasing N supply. In this regard, the previous studies explain that N is a main element closely associated with formation of key enzyme for the synthesis of carotenoids. Glucosinolates are generally increased under decreasing N supply and increasing S supply. Although the previous studies show similar trends about the accumulation of metabolites by nutrient level, they also suggest that many other factors including crop types, cultivars, cultural environment (water, temperature, light, etc.) influence the accumulation of functional metabolites in crop.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Many countries divide infant formula into special nutrient food and they are in control of thorn very carefully. CODEX prescribes that the components which can be added to infant formula must be exist in the breast milk and the additives must be scientifically proved to be safe. Therefore infant formula manufacturers make efforts to develop infant formula to be similar to human milk based on research of human and bovine milk components. Domestic infant formulas are rich with functional components in comparison with foreign formulas ; such as immunity, anti-allergy, growth factor, developments of brain and digestion organs etc. At this point, progress of bioscience technology and introduction of various new technologies lead micro components in human and bovine milk to be separated and purified. Therefore many functional components are commercialized and infant formula companies use these. Various functional components are added to infant formula ; DHA and arachidonic acid as brain growth components, nucleotide and lactoferrin as immunity increment and oligosaccharides fur digestion. And new infant formula is being developed by using bone growth factor and dehydration components f3r atopy and allergy decrement.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2016

Purpose: To provide the public with nutritional information on consumption types of garlic, we evaluated the influence of heat treatment method on the nutritional contents of different species of garlic. Methods: We determined the content of general components, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids in each species of garlic produced in Seosan and Goheung by heating with blanching or microwave roasting. Results: The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the species in particular, as well as method of heat treatment and interaction, had an influence on nutritional content. The moisture and crude fat content was higher in Southern type garlic than in Northern type garlic, while crude proteins, crude ash, and dietary fibers were more abundant in Northern type garlic than in Southern type garlic. With regard to the total mineral content, K, P, Mg, and Ca were the main components in Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids showed high levels in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic, with more abundant linoleic acid. Overall, Northern type garlic showed a higher content of minerals and fatty acids, while more vitamin B was present in Southern type garlic. In addition, the results indicated that the content of general components (dietary fiber excluded) was increased in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic upon heat treatment. Blanching resulted in increased mineral and fatty acid content in Southern type garlic and decreased content in Northern type garlic, indicative of species differences; conversely, microwave roasting contributed to an increase in the content in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Conclusion: The nutritional content of garlic is more dependent on species than the cooking method, and grilling is associated with less nutrient loss than blanching.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

In order to produce functional chitin oligosaccharides, a chitinolytic bacterium was newly screened from the viscera of Korean bony fishes, and identified as Bacillus sp. LJ-25. For the production of chitinolytic enzymes, $1.0\%$ nutrient broth and $0.3\%$ colloidal chitin were used as nitrogen and carbon source, respectively. The optimal temperature, initial pH and concentration of NaCl for the enzyme production by Bacillus sp. LJ-25 were $30^{\circ}C$ 6.5-7.0 and $1.0\%$, respectively. The enzyme activity of Bacillus sp. LJ-25 increased until the incubation time of 168 hr, followed by a decrease in activity.