• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.383-399
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• 2018

In the present study, the community distribution, functional feeding groups, and habitat groups of the benthic macroinvertebrates from Gayasan National Park were investigated at eight different sites from 2015 to 2016. The correlation between habitat altitude and each group type was analyzed statistically. Biodiversity indices, including dominance, diversity, richness, and evenness indices, were calculated. The results showed a total of 4,216 individual benthic macroinvertebrates were collected, including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 16 orders, 40 families, and 100 species. Gammarus sobaegensis was dominant with 0.141% dominance, and the subdominant species was Epeorus nipponicus with 0.088% dominance. The EPT group(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Tricoptera) accounted for 71.00% of the total species and 67.69% of the total individuals. The number of scraper species was highest, and the number of gathering collector individuals was highest among functional feeding groups. The individual number of scrapers(r=-0.358, p < 0.05) and gathering collectors(r=-0.343, p < 0.05) decreased with increasing altitude. The numbers of species and individuals of clingers and sprawlers were highest among the habitat groups. The individual number of clingers(r=-0.547, p < 0.01) and burrowers(r=-0.331, p < 0.05) significantly decreased with increasing altitude. The diversity and richness indices were higher in St. 3 than in the other sites. The dominance index was highest in St. 2, and the evenness index was highest in St. 7. We evaluated the biological water quality with several known methods, and concluded that ESB(Ecological score of benthic macrovertebrates community) and GPI(Group polution index) were more suitable than KSI(Korean saprobic index) and BMI (Benthic macrovertebrate index) to assess the biological water quality of Gayasan mountain stream water.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2006

The main objective of this study is to find out the fauna of macroinvertebrate and composition of functional feeding groups about the aquatic insects to microhabitat from the Geum River, Korea. This study is based on investigations of the main channel of Geum River, Korea which is upstream of Daecheong Dam, and carried out in the spring and autumn of 2004. Collections from all the sites were 39,532 individuals, 130 species, 54 families, 16 orders, 7 classes, and 4 phyla of macroinvertebrates. Aquatic insects were composed of 90.76% (118 species) and 98.88% (39,088 individuals) of all the identified species. Among the microhabitats, the riffles were collected 26,293 individuals and 92 species, and the runs were collected 12,329 individuals and 89 species. Finally, the pools were collected 494 individuals and 41 species. In this survey, the proportions of functional feeding groups of aquatic insects were as follows (percent of identified): predators 37.65%, gathering-collectors 23.53%, scrapers 16.47%, filtering-collectors 11.76%, shredders 9.41% and plant-piercers 1.18%. Also, the functional feeding groups were sorted according to microhabitat, in the riffles 30.65% were predators and 29.03% were gathering-collectors; in the run 30.3% were predators, and 28.79% were gathering-collectors; while in the pools 36.67% were predators, and 30.0% were gathering-collectors. In all microhabitats, gathering collectors and predators were predominant, because most of the survey sites are in the midstream. Also, the scrapers were shown more frequently in the riffle (17.74%) and run (18.18 %) than pool (13.13%), the filtering-collectors were shown more frequently in the riffle (14.52%) and the run (12.12%) than the pool (6.67%), and the plant-piercers (3.33%) were found only in pools. But the shredders weren't a difference in the run (10.61%), the pool (10.0%) and the riffle (8.06%), because of the characteristic. Microhabitats (riffle and run) are much alike in composition ratio of functional feeding groups and pool was very lower out of composition ratio in microhabitats. But riffle is very important than run, because most of individual occur in streams. Besides, pool was diverse to composition ratios, considering the number of individuals.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1996

15종의 주요 한약제 부산물을 용량별(1.0%, 3.0%, 7.0%)로 사육용 돼지에 출하하기 30일 및 45일 전부터 투여하여 성인병의 예방과 생테 방어 시스템에 미치는 영향을 한약제 부산물 무첨가의 대조군과 비교.평가하였다. 체중 증가율 한약제 부산물 3.0% 투여군으로 서 45일이 가장 높았고 30일 투여도 상당한 효과가 인정되었지만, 사료 섭취량은 상대적으로 낮았다. 또 한약제 부산물 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 배설물의 악취는 감소한 반면 항생제 투여가 필요없을 정도로 발육상태가 양호하였고, 육질과 맛이 우수하였다. 트리클리세리트의 함량은 3.0% 한약제 부산물 투여군은 거의 같은 효과를 나타내고 있었지만, 총 콜레스테롤의 함량은 3.0% 한약제 투여군의 출하 30일전부터 투여하는 것이 가장 현저히 감소하였다. LDL-콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화지수도 1.0%이상의 한약제 부산물 투여군은 다？이 유의적으로 감소하고 있었다. 말론디알데히니(MDA)와 hydroxyl radical의 생성량도 1.0% 이상의 한약제 부산물 투여군이 거의 같은 경향으로 억제하고 있었다. 생테 방어시스템과 관계괴는 수퍼옥시 디스무타이제(SOD) 활성은 3.0% 한약제부산물 투여군으로서 출하하기 30일전부터 투여하는 것이 가장 효과적으로 증가하였다. 그러나 HDL-콜레스테롤의 함량은 한약제 부산물 투여군에서 출하하기 45일 전부터 투여하는 것만이 효과적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 한약제 부산물을 사료에 3.0%정도 첨가하여 출하하기 30일전부터 투여했을 겨우, 고기의 육질과 맛도 좋고 성인병의 원인 물질을 현저히 감소할 수 있기 때문에 한약제 부산물을 사용한 기능성 돈육의 생산은 매우 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2008

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2008

Benthic macro invertebrate communities were collected at six different sampling sites in the Musucheon stream in Korea from July 2006 to July 2007, and ecological exergy values were calculated based on five different functional feeding groups (collector-gatherer, collector-filterer, predator, scrapper, and shredder) of benthic macro invertebrates. Each sampling site was categorized to three stream types (perennial, intermittent and drought) based on the water flow condition. Exergy values were low at all study sites right after a heavy rain and relatively higher in the perennial stream type than in the intermittent or the drought stream type. Self-Organizing Map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural network, was implemented to pattern spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological exergy of the study sites. SOM classified samples into four clusters. The classification reflected the effects of floods and droughts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and was mainly related with the stream types of the sampling sites. Exergy values of each functional feeding group also responded differently according to the different stream types. Finally, the results showed that exergy is an effective ecological indicator, and patterning changes of exergy using SOM is an effective way to evaluate target ecosystems.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2008

Functional feeding groups (FFGs) of benthic macroinvertebrates are guilds of invertebrate taxa that obtain food in similar ways, regardless of their taxonomic affinities. They can represent a heterogeneous assemblage of benthic fauna and may indicate disturbances of their habitats. The proportion of different groups can change in response to disturbances that affect the food base of the system, thereby offering a means of assessing disruption of ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used benthic macroinvertebrate communities collected at 650 sites of 23 different water types in the province of Overijssel, The Netherlands. Physical and chemical environmental factors were measured at each sampling site. Each taxon was assigned to its corresponding FFG based on its food resources. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) using a backpropagation algorithm, a supervised artificial neural network, was applied to evaluate the influence of environmental variables to the FFGs of benthic macroinvertebrates through a sensitivity analysis. In the evaluation of input variables, the sensitivity analysis with partial derivatives demonstrates the relative importance of influential environmental variables on the FFG, showing that different variables influence the FFG in various ways. Collector-filterers and shredders were mainly influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ and width of the streams, and scrapers were influenced mostly with $Ca^{2+}$ and depth, and predators were by depth and pH. $Ca^{2+}$ and depth displayed relatively high influence on all four FFGs, while some variables such as pH, %gravel, %silt, and %bank affected specific groups. This approach can help to characterize community structure and to ecologically assess target ecosystems.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권2호통권107호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

Merritt-Cummins의 체계에 기초하여 한국에 정리 ${\cdot}$ 보고된 수서곤충류(10목 96과 257속)를 6개 섭식기능군 유형의 분석과 검증을 실시하였다. 총 257개 속 가운데포식자인 섭식기능군이 122개 (47%)속으로 가장 많았으며, 두 번째와 세 번째로 높은 점유율을 나타낸 섭식기능군은 gathering-collectors(33개 속, 13%)와 shredders(21개 속,8%)로 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 Scrapers가 20개 (7%) 속으로 나타났으며, filtering-collectors (12개 속,5%)와 plant-piercers(6개 속, 2%)의 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 7개 목의 총 43개 속에 해당하는 분류군은 섭식기능군이 밝혀지지 않았다. 생물군집의 안정성을 유지하는데 있어 섭식기능군의 기능을 규명하기 위하여 속 수준에서의 상대적 저항력과 회복력이 분석되었다. 그 결과 섭식기능군 gathering-collectors와 scrapers는 군집 내에서 각각 개척자와 기능적 중간자로서의 역할을 수행하고 있음이 규명되었다. 상대적 저항력과 회복력의 등급화의 실질적은 적용은 하천생태계에 대한 포괄적인 연구의 수행에 높은 응용성을 지니는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were collected from six different sites in the Dobong Stream in Seoul, Korea to investigate spatial and temporal changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities in response to natural disturbances such as floods and droughts. We collected samples monthly or semimonthly with a Surber net ($30cm{\times}30cm$), and measured environmental factors, including stream temperature, discharge, width, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH at each sampling site. Benthic macro invertebrates were strongly affected by floods as well as droughts. In addition, benthic macroinvertebrate communities displayed different responses to the onset of the rainy season in summer 2006 and 2007, apparently due to differences in the intensity and amount of precipitation. Chironomids were particularly sensitive to heavy rain. Floods and droughts also affected the proportions of functional feeding groups during the survey period: the proportion of scrapers was high right after heavy rains, while the proportion of predators tended to increase in intermittent-type streams as the riffle zone decreased. Finally, although species richness and abundance were strongly influenced by heavy rain, they recovered to background levels for within one month, and varied consistently among stream types, indicating habitat stability.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1079-1088
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• 2020

The Shinbulsan wetland, located in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea, was designated as a conservation area in 2004. The area was monitored from 2015 to 2019 to investigate the community characteristics and changes of benthic macroinvertebrates. Between 2015 and 2016, several insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Hemiptera were identified, but their numbers decreased significantly in 2017 and 2018 following the loss and recovery of the moor owing to drought. During this period, there were relatively more insects of the order Diptera. Within this order, three functional feeding groups, gathering-collectors, plant-piercers, and predators were investigated. Predator species were the most abundant (83.3%), whereas gathering-collectors accounted for the largest proportion of individual insects (50.5%). Between 2015 and 2016, when the moors were stable, groups I and III had the highest community stability. After 2017, when the moors had dried up, group III effectively disappeared because of its lower relative resistance and resilience, and only taxa belonging to group I remained. The results of this study indicate that benthic macroinvertebrates that adapt early during moor formation inhabit the Shinbulsan wetland.