• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2018

Background: $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap technique is one of the most challenging operations to correct horizontal deficiencies in secondary cleft lip deformity. Since its first introduction, the operative method was dynamically modified from simple variation to complete conceptual change, but conventional $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap has many drawbacks in esthetic and functional aspect. Our purpose was reconstructing the symmetry of Cupid's bow and central vermilion tubercle with minimal sequalae. Methods: From 2008 to 2016, this technique was applied to 16 secondary cleft lip patients who had total or more than 60% of unilateral deficiency of Cupid's bow and central lip or tubercle pouting deficiency. A quadrangular-shaped flap was transferred from vermilion including skin and white line of central or contralateral lower lip. Pedicle division and insetting were made at 9 (unilateral) or 10 (bilateral) days after transfer. Secondary lip revision was done with open rhinoplasty after wound maturation. Results: Overall satisfaction was high with modified technique. Scar was minimally noticeable on both upper and lower lip especially. Balanced Cupid's bow and symmetric vermilion tubercle were made with relatively small size of flap compared to conventional $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap. An accompanying benefit was reduced ectropion of lower lip, which made balanced upper and lower lip protrusion with more favorable profile. Conclusion: A new modified $Abb{\acute{e}}$ flap technique showed great satisfaction. It is worth considering in secondary cleft lip patient who has central lip shortage and asymmetry of upper lip vermilion border line. Our technique is one of the substitutes for correction of horizontal and central lip deficiency with asymmetric Cupid's bow.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2006

Single-electron transistor (SET)-based logic cells and SET/FET hybrid integrated circuits have been fabricated on SOI chips. The input-output voltage transfer characteristic of the SET-based complementary logic cell shows an inverting behavior where the output voltage gain is estimated to be about 1.2 at 4.2K. The SET/FET output driver, consisting of one SET and three FETs, yields a high voltage gain of 13 and power amplification with a wide-range output window for driving next circuit. Finally, the SET/FET literal gate for a multi-valued logic cell, comprising of an SET, an FET and a constant-current load, displays a periodic voltage output of high/low level multiple switching with a swing as high as 200mV. The multiple switching functionality of all the fabricated logic circuits could be enhanced by utilizing a side gate incorporated to each SET component to enable the phase control of Coulomb oscillations, which is one of the unique characteristics of the SET-based logic circuits.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2007

In the late 1970s, the method of quantitative and scientific space structural analysis based on graph theory was introduced to the process of space design, which arranges design and functional elements, as relying heavily on intuition could produce errors due to unverified experiences and prejudices of the designer. As the method of space analysis is complex and hard to express visually and requires repetitive operations, it was discussed theoretically only. However, with the development of computer performance and graphic in recent years, visualization became possible. But the method of visual structural analysis of space is at the level of two dimensions and it is not easy to get accurate data when it is applied to limited three dimensional space such as an interior space. For the visual structural analysis of space, this study presents 4 indices including visibility volume level, pure visibility connection frequency, effective visibility connection frequency, and path visibility connection frequency. This study also presents space division using three dimensional arrangement rather than the existing vector operation method and raytracing algorithm at the lattice constant. Based on this, an analysis tool for the visible regions of three dimensional space that is capable of evaluating at multiple points by using three dimensional game engine and presentation tool that allows the analyzer to interpret the data effectively is made. It is applied to 2 prototype models by displacing Z axis, and the results are compared with UCL Depthmap to verify the validity of data and evaluate its usefulness as a multidimensional, multi-view space analysis tool.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권4호
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• pp.703-709
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• 2012

본 연구는 산불이 저서성대형무척추동물 군집구조에 미치는 영향에 관한 장기생태연구이다. 2000년 4월에 발생한 삼척 지역의 대형 산불지역의 수계를 대상으로 2001년부터 2009년까지 총 9년간 저서성대형무척추동물의 군집변동 양상을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산불 직후인 2001년에는 2문 3강 8목 14과 18종이었으며, 9년 경과 후인 2009년에는 5문 7강 15목 40과 70종이 출현하였다. 산불 발생 후 약 5년간은 파리목의 비율이 월등히 높았으나, 시간이 경과되면서 하상의 미세유기물 증가 등에 의해 하루살이목의 출현 비율이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 산불 후, 해를 거듭할수록 종수는 많아지는 반면, 특정 종의 우점율이 감소하며 개체수의 변동 폭은 좁아지는 경향을 보였다. 산불영향 수계의 저서성대형무척추동물의 9년간 우점도는 전반적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 다양도, 균등도 및 풍부도는 점차 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2003

Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately $1^{\circ}C$ colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Abstract A direct approach was used to retrieve active lipases from Paenibacillus polymyxa genome databases. Twelve putative lipase genes were tested using a typical lipase sequence rule built on the basis of a consensus sequence of a catalytic triad and oxyanion hole. Among them, six genes satisfied the sequence rule and had similarity (about 25%) with known bacterial lipases. To obtain the six lipase proteins, lipase genes were expressed in E. coli cells and lipolytic activities were measured by using tributyrin plate and pnitrophenyl caproate. One of them, contig 160-26, was expressed as a soluble and active form in E. coli cell. After purifying on Ni-NTA column, its detailed biochemical properties were characterized. It had a maximum hydrolytic activity at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7- 8, and was stable up to $40^{\circ}C$ and in the range of pH 5- 8. It most rapidly hydrolyzed pNPC$_6$ among various PNPesters. The other contigs were expressed more or less as soluble forms, although no lipolytic activities were detected. As they have many conserved regions with lipase 160-26 as well as other bacterial lipases throughout their equence, they are suggested as true lipase genes.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.46.1-46.6
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of food intake after different dosages of botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection in the animal model. Additionally, the dimensional and histological change at 14 days after BTX injection was also evaluated. Methods: The comparative study was performed using the BTX injection model in rats (n = 5 for each group). Group 1 was the saline-injected group. Group 2 was the 5-unit BTX-injection group to each masseter muscle. Group 3 was the 10-unit BTX-injection group to each masseter muscle. Food intake rates and body weight were checked daily before and after BTX injection until 10 days. All animals were sacrificed at 14 days after BTX injection, and the specimens underwent hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical staining for myosin type II (MYH2). Results: The recovery of food intake in groups 2 and 3 decreased significantly compared with group 1 from day 2 to day 7 and day 9 after injection (p < 0.05). The BTX-treated masseter muscles were significantly smaller than those in group 1 (p = 0.015). The immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that the expression of MYH2 was significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: BTX injection to the masseter muscle in rats demonstrated short food-intake-rate reduction with recovery until 10 days after injection. The thickness of the masseter muscle and MYH2 expression were significantly changed according to the injected dose of BTX.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a cruciferous vegetable, and its leaves have antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts from radish leaves on hypertension in 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each on the basis of initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were treated with oral administration of radish leaf extract (0, 30, or 90 mg/kg body weight [bw], respectively) for 5 weeks. Six Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls. The amount of the radish leaf extract had no effect on body weight. The SBP of the SHRs showed a decreasing trend with the consumption of the radish leaf extract. In the third week, the SBP of the group fed 90 mg extract/kg bw reduced from 214 mmHg to 166 mmHg and was significantly lower than that of the normotensive and hypertensive controls. The extract did not show a significant effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the serum, kidney, and lung. The extract increased the concentration of NO in serum and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase in red blood cells (RBCs). The serum concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were not significantly different between all groups. However, the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ increased; the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and$K^+$for the normotensive and hypertensive controls were not different. Urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was higher in the normotensive Wistar rats than in the SHRs, while that of $K^+$ was not significantly different. These findings indicate that consumption of radish leaves might have had antihypertensive effects in SHRs by increasing the serum concentration of NO and fecal concentration of $Na^+$ and enhancing antioxidant activities.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2020

Pyropia yezoensis has been used as functional food in East Asia, especially in Korea and Japan, for more than five hundred years. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of polyphenols and proteins-rich extracts from P. yezoensis (PPPs) against 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative cell damage. Among six Korean local strains obtained from Jinhae (JiH), Haenam (HN), Jangheung (JaH), Jindo (JD), Wando (WD), and Sinan (SA) areas, the extracts of P. yezoensis from SA and JD are relatively higher in polyphenols and proteins contents. SA showed the lowest IC₅₀ scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and alkyl radicals and displayed protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AAPH-induced Vero cells. Especially, the PPPs extracts from SA and JD showed protective activities against AAPH-induced apoptosis, as observed by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342. Furthermore, in vivo studies of the SA extract in zebrafish showed significantly reduced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell damage. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the antioxidant bioactivity of PPP in the Korean Peninsula using a zebrafish model. Due to SA and JD both located in the west coast of Korea, we deduced that the chemical content of the different PPP extracts was mildly influenced by their geographic location, and this alga has potential of protective activity against AAPH-induced ROS both in vitro and in vivo.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 합성된 해수 중의 붕소 분리에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 이온교환수지는 글루카아민(glucamine) 작용기가 함유되어 있는 Amberlite IRA 743이며, 해수의 pH, 붕소의 초기농도, 반응온도 등을 변화시켜가면서 회분식 반응기에서 수행하였다. 그 결과, Amberlite IRA 743수지의 붕소흡착에 적합한 pH는 8.5로 나타났으며, 313K에서 최고의 흡착효율을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 흡착속도는 온도의 증가에 따라 빠르게 나타났으며, 반면에 붕소 초기의 농도가 증가하면 감소하였다. 또한, 실험 결과들을 2차 균일반응의 모델에 적용하여 다음의 속도 식을 얻을 수 있었다. $$\frac{X}{1-X}=780[C_0]^{-1.65}t^{1.48}\;exp\;({-\frac{17883}{RT}}\)\;;\;pH8.5$$