• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.307-326
• /
• 2004

Statement of problem. The long-term success of implants is the development of a stable direct connection between bone and implant surface, which must be structural and functional. To improve a direct implant fixation to the bone, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials. Among them, altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility and bone deposition. Purpose. This study was to evaluate the cellular behaviors on the surface-modified titanium by morphological observation, cellular proliferation and differentiation. Material and methods. Specimens were divided into five groups, depending on their surface treatment: electropolishing(EP) anoclizing(AN), machining(MA), blasting with hydroxyapatite particle(RBM) and electrical discharge machining(EDM). Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the specimens were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells were investigated. The microtopography of specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Surface roughness was measured by a three-dimensional roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning auger electron microscopy(AES). To evaluate cellular responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from neonatal rat were cultured. The cellular morphology and total protein amounts of osteoblast-like cell were taken as the marker for cellular proliferation, while the expression of alkaline phosphatase was used as the early differentiation marker for osteoblast. In addition, the type I collagen production was determined to be a reliable indicator of bone matrix synthesis. Results. 1. Each prepared specimen showed specific microtopography at SEM examination. The RBM group had a rough and irregular pattern with reticulated appearance. The EDM-treated surface had evident cracks and was heterogeneous consisting of broad sheet or plate with smooth edges and clusters of small grains, deep pores or craters. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, anodized group, machined group, RBM group and EDM group. 3. All groups showed amorphous structures. Especially anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and EDM group had titaniumcarbide(TiC) structure. 4. Cells on electropolished, anodized and machined surfaces developed flattened cell shape and cells on RBM appeared spherical and EDM showed both. After 14 days, the cells cultured from all groups were formed to be confluent and exhibited multilayer proliferation, often overlapped or stratified. 5. Total protein amounts were formed to be quite similar among all the group at 48 hours. At 14 days, the electropolished group and the anodized group induced more total protein amount than the RBM group(P<.05). 6. There was no significant difference among five groups for alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity at 48 hours. The AN group showed significantly higher ALP activity than any other groups at 14 days(P<.05). 7. All the groups showed similar collagen synthesis except the EDM group. The amount of collagen on the electropolished and anodized surfaces were higher than that on the EDM surface(P<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.12
• /
• pp.1815-1819
• /
• 2009

Based on the soft and rigid extents, tissues are mainly divided into two groups in mammals, soft tissues including heart, lung, kidney and brain, and hard tissues including tendon, cartilage, teeth and bone. Among various tissues, bone, a dynamic rigid organ, is continuously remodeled by the opposing functional activity between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone destruction by osteoclasts. Bone protects the soft tissues and provides mineral reservoirs, which can supply the mineral needs of other soft tissues to normally maintain cellular function. While calcification in bone is an important action to fundamentally support the body and protect the soft tissues, calcification in soft tissues, including the heart, aorta, kidney, lung and spleen, results in severe organ damages, eventually causing sudden death. A growing body of evidence indicates that the osteoporotic patient who are aging, post-menopausal, diabetes and chronic kidney disease simultaneously represent a high clinical incidence of soft tissue calcification, illustrating a link between soft tissue calcification and bone decalcification (osteoporosis). This study will review what is currently known about the connection between bone decalcification and soft tissue calcification.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the identity of home economics(HE) education by assessing perceptions of HE teacher, students, and general adults regarding the images and characteristics of HE education. Respondents in this study were 234 HE teachers, 505 students, and 264 general adults. Questionnaires were collected through both online and offline. The image and the characteristics of HE education were the factors of the identity that were also the byproducts of HE education operation of the past and present, and had the characteristics in changing in accordance with the change of time. The current image of HE education was shown to positive recognition as the curriculum helpful to the actual living and future living for the HE teacher, students, and the general adults. For the HE teacher, it had strong emotionally warm image similar to the image of 'home', and it was connected to the curriculum image to be acknowledged as good problem solving teachers in terms of competence and conservative image. However, on the images of the HE curriculum and HE teacher, the HE teachers had the most positive recognition, and on the image of the HE curriculum, the students had the most negative recognition while the image of the HE teacher, the general adults had the most negative recognition. The general adults among the three groups recognized the HE curriculum as the most technical oriented curriculum while the students recognized as interesting curriculum, curriculum contributing on society. In the meantime, for the characteristic of the HE education, the HE teachers recognized that it had weak female curriculum characteristics and strong living functional curriculum characteristics, and the practical curriculum characteristics would be important in the future. Accordingly, the identity of the HE education formulated might be considered as the practical curriculum that was helpful to problem solving in actual living of the family and family members with the connection to the concept of 'home'. However, depending on the definition on implication of practice and issue of actual living, the characteristics and appearance of the HE education had been changed and might interpret as changing according to the above.for the fertility policy and the methods for the estimation of the child cost were suggested based on the results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2016

In this study, we introduce a design of Fuzzy RBFNNs-based digit recognition system using the incremental-PCA in order to recognize the handwritten digits. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely-adopted dimensional reduction algorithm, but it needs high computing overhead for feature extraction in case of using high dimensional images or a large amount of training data. To alleviate such problem, the incremental-PCA is proposed for the computationally efficient processing as well as the incremental learning of high dimensional data in the feature extraction stage. The architecture of Fuzzy Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) consists of three functional modules such as condition, conclusion, and inference part. In the condition part, the input space is partitioned with the use of fuzzy clustering realized by means of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm. Also, it is used instead of gaussian function to consider the characteristic of input data. In the conclusion part, connection weights are used as the extended diverse types in polynomial expression such as constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. Experimental results conducted on the benchmarking MNIST handwritten digit database demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed digit recognition system when compared with other studies.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.4 s.66
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2006

These days, contemporary people's interest in culture is higher than ever, and in response to such a current trend, each country is making efforts to search for its identity in various areas, and conducting research to compare its culture with that of other countries. The culture of a region does not develop independently or spontaneously, but it changes and evolves in connection with neighboring countries or cultures. Thus, in order to understand our own cultural characteristics properly, we need not only to make an in-depth study in our own culture but also to compare it with other cultures and understand their similarities and differences dearly. From old times, Korea, China and Japan have had great influences on one another through active socio cultural exchange and at the same time they have their own unique cultural characteristics. Unfortunately, however, the distinguished identity of Korean culture has not been recognized properly. The present study purposed to classify Korean, Chinese and Japanese traditional furniture from the $14th{\sim}19th$ century by type, and compare their characteristics by type as well as their general formative characteristics. This research is expected to improve our objective understanding of our own culture. Furthermore, it will provide a ground for reinterpreting our culture to distinguish Korean culture from Oriental culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.617-629
• /
• 2020

In the historical and cultural blocks with the most concentrated urban cultural heritage, the development of both side streets is impacted by the development of the main street, which shows a gradual decline. The loss of placeness on both side streets has resulted in more empty houses. Therefore, it is urgent to pay attention and take countermeasures to the empty houses in historical and cultural blocks. In this study, the vacant houses on Zhongshan Road in Hangzhou, China were taken as the object of study to understand the location theory and the six dimensions of Matthew Carmona's urban design. Meanwhile, it further analyzed the evaluative features of the placeness of the vacant houses in the historical and cultural street, to provide direction and basis for the flexible using of other empty houses in Zhongshan Road. Then by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), it obtained the importance scale of each evaluative feature and compared the evaluation results of experts with the analysis results of cases, getting the results as follows: In the flexible application of vacant houses in historical and cultural street, the evaluation result of placeness indicates that this kind of usage should be in order of societal level, perceptional level, functional level, morphological level, visual hierarchy and temporal level; among the evaluative features, security, identity, usability, individuality, aesthetics, connection, diversity, openness, continuity, accessibility, order and history should be considered in turn.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.26
• /
• pp.157-172
• /
• 2012

In order to overcome the limits of domestic image content market, entering the global market is inevitable and expanding our market volume in foreign market as in domestic market is an important factor that determines the future of Korea image content industry. Suggestions and discussions on policy for investments on domestic image content should be carried out to resolve such situation. Specially, the reason why cooperative system of central government and local government is in dire need is because cultural content industry support measures of central government is unsatisfactory and local government is not adequate enough to respond to the global environment because investment resources of small and medium enterprises in cultural content is insufficient. This paper intends to study cases of policy promoted by domestic local government and support cases of foreign countries when domestic image content industry is expanding into the global market, and to search for solutions from integrated functional perspective of central government and local government for international co-production environment. This study suggests the necessity of political connection in terms of central government strengthening assistance policy on dispersed policy of local government who operates 11 cultural industry promotion districts throughout the country. First, this study suggests the possibility of expanded international co-production by central government and local government through investment(fund).

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2014

Cullin4-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) is a family of multi-subunit E3 ligases. To investigate the possible involvement of CRL4 in heat stress response, we screened T-DNA insertion mutants of putative CRL4 substrate receptors that exhibited altered patterns in response to heat stress. One of the mutants exhibited heat stress tolerance and was named heat stress tolerant DWD1 (htd1). Introduction of HTD1 gene into htd1-1 led to recovery of heat sensitivity to the wild type level, confirming that the decrease of HTD1 transcripts resulted in heat tolerance. Therefore, HTD1 plays a negative role in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Additionally, HTD1 directly interacted with DDB1a in yeast two-hybrid assays and associated with DDB1b in vivo, supporting that it could be a part of a CRL4 complex. Various heat-inducible genes such as HSP14.7, HSP21, At2g03020 and WRKY28 were hyper-induced in htd1-1, indicating that HTD1 could function as a negative regulator for the expression of such genes and that these genes might contribute to thermotolerance of htd1-1, at least in part. HTD1 was associated with HSP90-1, a crucial regulator of thermotolerance, in vivo, even though the decrease of HTD1 did not affect the accumulation pattern of HSP90-1 in Arabidopsis. These findings indicate that a negative role of HTD1 in thermotolerance might be achieved through its association with HSP90-1, possibly by disturbing the action of HSP90-1, not by the degradation of HSP90-1. This study will serve as an important step toward understanding of the functional connection between CRL4-mediated processes and plant heat stress signaling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.749-754
• /
• 2011

In this study, we propose the design of optimized pRBFNNs-based face recognition system using two-dimensional Image and ASM algorithm. usually the existing 2 dimensional face recognition methods have the effects of the scale change of the image, position variation or the backgrounds of an image. In this paper, the face region information obtained from the detected face region is used for the compensation of these defects. In this paper, we use a CCD camera to obtain a picture frame directly. By using histogram equalization method, we can partially enhance the distorted image influenced by natural as well as artificial illumination. AdaBoost algorithm is used for the detection of face image between face and non-face image area. We can butt up personal profile by extracting the both face contour and shape using ASM(Active Shape Model) and then reduce dimension of image data using PCA. The proposed pRBFNNs consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with Fuzzy C-Means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of RBFNNs is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic. The essential design parameters (including learning rate, momentum coefficient and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of Differential Evolution. The proposed pRBFNNs are applied to real-time face image database and then demonstrated from viewpoint of the output performance and recognition rate.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2011

The benefits of implant supported overdenture are readily apparent for the fully edentulous patients and have been well documented, however, there is deficiency of the studies regarding the combination of implants with removable partial dentures for partially edentulous patients. The purpose of this article is to review the literature concerning implants with removable partial dentures and evaluate the evidence for this clinical approach. Through many clinical case reports and studies we have searched from a broad variety of journals, we present the six considerations needed to contemplate respecting implants with removable partial denture in partially edentulous patients. First, the connection between abutment tooth and removable partial denture has to be rigid and the link between implant and removable partial denture should be hinged. Second, a mesial rest acts better in the point of force distribution for distal extension removable partial denture and splinting between implants is also a favorable choice. Third, T bar has an advantage for implants which are used as abutments in distal extension removable partial denture. Forth, as we all known functional impression is better way to reproduce movement for distal extension removable partial denture. Fifth, indirect retainer and guiding plane on the proximal surfaces of terminal abutment teeth are important in preventing denture base lifting. Sixth, implants in conjunction with removable partial denture is superior in the esthetic and phonetic as well as cost-effective point of view. We also suggest that which place we should install implants for force distribution and which diameter and length of implants should be used. in this review article, we recommend to locate the implant near of the abutment tooth for esthetics or near of first molar position for good stress distribution. The diameter and length of implant also influence to stress distribution. When we compare to conservative partial denture, patients go for removable partial denture using implants due to convenience, better support and retention according to several studies. But it is true that we need to study more on this subject and collect long term follow up cases before we discuss on it. So it is enough to bring this subject into the surface of prosthetic treatment by this article.