• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 1999

The very definitions of posture and balance have changed, as has our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms, In rehabilitation science, there awe at least two different conceptual theories to describe the neural control of posture and balance : the reflex/hierarchical theory and system theory. A reflex/hierarchical theory suggests the posture and balance result from hierarchically organized reflex responses triggered by independent sensory systems. The systems approach suggests that action emerges from an interaction of the individual with the task and environment. That is to say, the systems approach implies that the ability to control our body's position in space emerges from a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems, collectively referred to as the postural control system. The specific organization of postural systems determined both by the functional task and the environment in which it is being performed, The postural control system is divided into three basic functional components for assessment : 1) musculoskeletal components, 2) motor coordination components, and 3) sensory organization components. It is proposed that a systemic functional understanding of human balance is critical to effective programs for balance rehabilitation. Thus, this article briefly reviews the basic functional components to consider in designing treatment plan and for the benefit of the balance assessment.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-113
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• 1997

Modeling methodology has been widely used for analysis and design of a information system. Specially, under the CALS environments, modeling approach is more important because the enterprise functions are inter-related and information sharing speeds up the business. In this paper, we suggest functional requirements about modeling methodology for CALS by surveying the IDEF0 and ARIS. The former is FIPS 183 and the latter is basic methodology of SAP/R3 which is world-wide ERP system. The proposed functional requirements include all semantics of IDEF0 and adds some features. The first is adding modeling components which are semantic representations. In addition to ICOMs, we add the time and cost component which is required to execute the function. The second is tracing mechanism. When we need some information, we drive the functions related with the information by reverse tracing of the function which produces the information as a output and input. Through the tracing, we find out the bottleneck process or high cost process. This approach guarantees the integrity of data by designating the data ownership. Finally, we suggest the final decomposition level. We call the final decomposed function into unit function which has only one output data. We can combine and reconstruct some of functions such as 'lego block' combination.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.5-22
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• 2018

While the competitiveness of small and medium sized cities has become important for balanced development at the national scale, they have experienced continuous decline in population and employment, particularly those in non-capital regions. In addition, some of small and medium sized cities have been classified into shrinking cities that have declined due to their long-term structural reasons. To address these issues, a regional approach, by which a hub city and its surrounding small and medium sized cities can collaborate has been suggested. Given this background, the purpose of this study is to identify and delineate hub cities and their impact areas by using travel data as a functional network index. This study uses a centrality index to identify the hub cities of small and medium sized cities and Markov-chain model and cluster analysis to delineate regional boundaries. The mean first passage time (MFPT) generated from the Markov-chain model can be interpreted as functional distance of each region. The study suggests a methodological approach delineating the boundaries of regions incorporating functional relationships of hub cities and their impact areas, and provides 59 hub cities and their impact areas. The results also provide policy implications for regional spatial planning that addresses appropriate planning boundaries of regions for enhancing the economic competitiveness of small and medium sized cities and ensuring services for shrinking cities.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2019

Habitat-forming species increase spatial complexity and alter local environmental conditions, often facilitating the assembly of plants and animals. We conducted a trait-based approach to algal assemblages associated with the freshwater bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica. Association with algae leads to the inner bodies of the bryozoans being colored green; this is frequently observed in the large rivers of South Korea. We collected the green-colored gelatinous matrices and phytoplankton from waterbodies of the two main rivers in South Korea. Algal assemblages within the colonies and in the waterbodies were compared using the three diversity indices (richness, diversity, and dominance), and the composition of functional groups (FGs) and morphologically based functional groups (MBFGs) between the colonies within and outside of P. magnifica colonies. The most dominant and common species within the colonies were Oscillatoria kawamurae and Pseudanabaena catenata, both of which were assigned to the same FG (codon S1). Of the algal assemblages within the colonies, the dominance was higher, while the richness and diversity were lower, than those in the waterbodies. There was variation in the compositions of FGs and MBFGs in the waterbodies outside the colonies. Total nitrogen and orthophosphate led to dominance, and were significant factors for the variation in FGs in the waterbodies, whereas there were no such significant factors within the colonies. This trait-based approach to the community structure of associated algae provides the status and habitat gradient of these communities, which are stable, isolated, and consistent with the overgrowth of shade-adapted tychoplanktonic cyanobacteria.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2011

Using fixed point methods, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of homomorphisms in Banach algebras and of derivations on Banach algebras for the following Jensen type functional equation: $$f({\frac{x+y}{2}})+f({\frac{x-y}{2}})=f(x)$$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate the stability of a functional equation f(x+y+z)-f(x+y)-f(y+z)-f(x+z)+f(x)+f(y)+f(z) = 0 by using the fixed point theory in the sense of L. Cadariu and V. Radu.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

A 20 year-old cleft lip and palate patient came for occlusal rehabilitation, but the constricted maxilla and early loss of posterior teeth called for an unusual treatment modalities. Distraction osteogenesis in the edentulous areas followed by artificial bone graft, dental implant along with orthodontic tooth movement were planed. Multidisciplinary treatment enabled both esthetic and functional oral rehabilitation of this patient.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the stability of an additive-cubic-quartic functional equation f(x + 2y) - 4f(x + y) + 6f(x) - 4f(x - y) + f(x - 2y) - 12f(y) - 12f(-y) = 0 by applying the fixed point theory in the sense of L. Cădariu and V. Radu.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.755-758
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• 1998

As the performance of microprocessor improves, the design complexity grows exponentially. Therefor, it is very important to make the bug-free model as early as possible in a design life-cycle. This paper describes the simulation-based functional verification methodology for the RTL level description model. It is performed by multi-stage verification methods using extensive hand-generated self-checking tests supplemented with random tests. This approach is opplied to the functional verification of the GPU processor of Raptor and various bugs are detected.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.269-283
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigate a stability of the functional equation $$\sum^3_{i=0}_3C_i(-1)^{3-i}f(ix+y)=0$$ by using the fixed point theory in the sense of L. C$\breve{a}$dariu and V. Radu.