• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.385-391
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• 1994

중국으로부터 수입한 68개의 옥수수시료에서 Fusarium진균독소의 오염을 조사하였다. 수입옥수수에서 eoxynivalenol(DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3-ADON) 및 nivalenol(NIV) 등 4가지의 8-ketotrichothecene이 검출되었다. 또한 zearalenone(ZEA), fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$, fumonisin $B_2(FB_2)$ 그리고 fumonisin $B_3(FB_3)$도 검출되었다. DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, ZEA 그리고 $FB_1$이 주요 오염독소였으며, 이들 독소의 평균오염농도는 각각 277, 34, 37, 39, 그리고 123 ng/g이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.953-958
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• 1996

발암성 진균 독소의 하나인 fumonisin을 신속, 간편하게 분석할 수 있는 효소면역측정법 (ELISA)을 개발하고자 하였다. 먼저 Fumonisin $B_1\;(FB_{1})$에 특이적인 항체를 생산하기 위하여 $FB_1$을 keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH)에 공유결합시키고 이를 Freund's adjuvant와 함께 토끼에 3차례 피하주사하여 면역하였다. 높은 항체가와 가장 양호한 경합반응을 보인 항혈청으로부터 항체를 정제하였으며, 이 항체의 fumonisin 유사독소에 대한 교차반응은 fumonisin $B_1,\;B_2$및 $B_3$에 대하여 각각 100%, 69% 및 166%이었다. $FB_1$의 검출을 위하여 확립한 직접법 경합ELISA (cdELISA)로 옥수수에 인위적으로 오염시킨 $FB_1$을 정제없이 ELISA로 분석하는 경우, 75% methanol로 시료의 추출 후 완충액으로 1/100 희석하였을 때 양호한 회수율을 보였다. 이 조건하에서 행한 ELISA의 FB₁분석회수율은 $1-30\;{\mu}g/g$의 오염농도범위에서 평균 67%이었으며, 농도별 회수율의 분산은 3.4%로 분석치가 매우 안정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 fumonisin 분석용 ELISA system은 수입 및 국내산 농산물로부터 이 독소의 정제없이 손쉽게 다량의 시료를 일차로 분석하는 데 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1995

수분활성도를 $0.85{\sim}0.97$로 조절한 벼에서 Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13569의 성장과 Fumonisin $B_{1}(FB_{1})$ 생성량을 조사하였다. 곰팡이이 성장은 Aw 0.97에서 가장 높았다. 곰팡이의 성장 속도와 최대 성장량은 수분활성도가 낮아질수록 점진적으로 감소하는 경향이었다. 곰팡이의 성장은 Aw 0.85에서도 가능한 것으로 나타나 벼에서 F. moniliforme의 성장을 막으려면 이보다 더 낮은 수분활성도의 유지가 필요한 것으로 생각된다. $FB_{1}$의 생성은 Aw 0.93과 0.90에서 흔적 수준의 생성량을 보였으며 그 이하에서는 $FB_{1}$의 생성을 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서 독소의 축적의 방지는 0.90 보다 낮은 Aw에서 가능하다고 생각된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination level of representative mycotoxins that have adverse effects on livestock by using LC-MS/MS method and to utilize the results as basic data for the establishment of quality control system for feed, and to provide information on production and storage. A total of nine mycotoxins, including aflatoxin $B_1$, aflatoxin $B_2$, aflatoxin $G_1$, aflatoxin $G_2$, ochratoxin A, fumonisin $B_1$, fumonisin $B_2$, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) were simultaneously analyzed in LC-MS/MS under ESI positive mode. Fumonisin $B_1$ and fumonisin $B_2$ were detected from 3 cases of 75 forage produced in Incheon area, the detection rate was 4.0%. The detection concentration was 0.01~0.02 mg/kg, which was lower than the domestic recommended limit. Fumonisins were detected in a slightly different manner from the results of mycotoxin studies reported in Korea, which is attributed to the high temperature and dry summer weather of the year. The result of LC-MS/MS method performance of 9 mycotoxins, the recovery of DON was quite low as $41.53{\pm}3.91%$ that is not suitable for simultaneous analysis. This is probably due to that the extract solution used in this study was not suitable for the extraction of DON, along with the characteristics of a very dry forage. For the study of mycotoxins in Incheon area forage for the first time, further investigation is needed for the safe supply of livestock products.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.162.2-163
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• 2003

Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of ceramide synthase in sphingolipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the elevation of free sphingoid bases 1-phosphate (S1P) are related to the fumonisin exposure. Sprague Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 10mg/kg fumonisin B1 (FB1), and kidney, liver, heart, lung, brain and serum were collected for sphingolipid analysis. (omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.367-370
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• 1997

Fumonisin $B_{1}$ ($FB_{1}$) is hepatotoxic in all species, and initiator and promotor for hepatocarcinogenesis produced mainly by Fusarium moniliforme. This fungus is commonly natural contaminant of corn and other grains worldwide, and has been associated with animal and human diseases. In these study, natural occurrence of $FB_{1}$ was surveyed in 30 healthy domestic corn kernels in Chonbuk and Kangwon province, harvested in 1994 and intended for human consumption, and 15 imported American and Chinese samples of each, collected from different ship-loading at Inchon harbor for animal foodstuffs. $FB_{1}$ contents were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fiourescence detector. The data revealed that 2 out of 12 corn kernels from Kangwon province with 1.1 and 0.7 ppm, and 2 out of 18 corns from Chonbuk province with 0.5 and 1.3 ppm, respectively. However, there was no detection of $FB_{1}$ in imported corn samples, even though those were visibly moldy.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2012

Gibberellea fujikuroi (Gf) 종복합체는 최소 15개의 종으로 구성되어 있으며, 대부분 식물에 병을 일으킬 뿐 아니라 푸모니신과 같은 곰팡이독소를 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 벼와 옥수수로부터 분리한 Gf 종복합체 소속 야생형 균주의 푸모니신 생성능을 검정하였다. 이들 분석대상 균주는 모두 푸모니신 생합성에 필수적인 polyketide synthase 유전자 FUM1을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 총 88주의 Gf 종복합체 소속 균주(55 F. fujikuroi, 10 F. verticillioides, 20 F. proliferatum, 2 F. subglutinans, 1 F. concentricum)와 Gf 종복합체의 근연종인 4주의 F. commune를 쌀 배지에 배양한 후 각 균주의 푸모니신 생성 농도를 HPLC 방법으로 측정하였다. 대부분의 F. verticillioides과 F. proliferatum 균주는 기주 식물에 관계없이 푸모니신 $B_1$($0.5-2,686.4{\mu}g/g$)과 $B_2$($0.7-1,497.6{\mu}g/g$)를 다양한 범위 내에서 생성하였다. 반면 모든 F. fujikuroi을 비롯한 다른 Fusarium spp.의 균주로부터는 푸모니신이 검출되지 않았거나 $10{\mu}g/g$ 이하 수준의 미량만 검출되었다. 흥미롭게도 F. proliferatum과 F. fujikuroi의 경우, 옥수수 유래 균주 집단에서 벼 유래 균주 집단에 비해 상대적으로 고농도 푸모니신 생성 균주의 비율이 높았다. 한편, FUM1 유전자를 함유하고 있는 F. commune의 푸모니신 생성능은 본 연구를 통해 처음 보고된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.610-614
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fumonisin contamination in corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan. A total of 233 samples was collected from 8 feed mill factories located in four different regions in Taiwan. The presence of fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) and $B_2$ ($FB_2$) was determined by thin layer chromatograph, while the total fumonisin content was determined using immuno-affinity column cleanup and fluorometer quantitation. Our results showed that 55 samples of swine feeds had the highest percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ (41.8% and 41.8%, respectively), followed by 66 samples of duck feeds (40.9% and 37.8%). However, the percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ was much lower in 43 samples of broiler feeds (23.2% and 13.9%) and 69 samples of corn (17.3% and 10.1%). Corn and duck feeds were found to have a significant higher level of means of total fumonisins ($5.4{\pm}1.5$ and $5.8{\pm}0.6$ ppm, respectively) than swine feeds ($2.9{\pm}0.4$ ppm) and broiler feeds ($3.0{\pm}0.5$ ppm). Comparing fumonisins distribution in different regions, the highest percentage of $FB_1$ incidence (39.2%) was found in the eastern region of Taiwan, and total fumonisins level ($4.5{\pm}0.7$ ppm) was significantly higher than other regions. However, the highest percentage of $FB_2$ incidence (32.0%) was found in the central region of Taiwan. Trimonthly analysis of data showed that both high percentage of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ incidence (39.3% and 37.7%) and total concentration of fumonisin ($5.7{\pm}0.4$ ppm) were found in the period of Jan. to Mar., The incidence and concentration were significantly higher than other trimothly periods. These results indicate that fumonisin B mycotoxins are both widespread and persistent in feed-grade corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2015

Maize is the dominant cereal crop produced in the US. One of the main fungal pathogens of maize is Fusarium verticillioides, the causative agent of ear and stalk rots. Significantly, the fungus produces a group of mycotoxins - fumonisins - on infested kernels, which have been linked to various illnesses in humans and animals. Nonetheless, durable resistance against F. verticillioides in maize is not currently available. In Texas, over 2.1 million acres of maize are vulnerable to fumonisin contamination, but understanding of the distribution of toxigenic F. verticillioides in maize-producing areas is currently lacking. Our goal was to investigate the genetic variability of F. verticillioides in Texas with an emphasis on fumonisin trait and geographical distribution. A total of 164 F. verticillioides cultures were isolated from 65 maize-producing counties. DNA from each isolate was extracted and analyzed by PCR for the presence of FUM1- a key fumonisin biosynthesis gene - and mating type genes. Results showed that all isolates are in fact F. verticillioides capable of producing fumonisins with a 1:1 mating-type gene ratio in the population. To further study the genetic diversity of the population, isolates were analyzed using RAPD fingerprinting. Polymorphic markers were identified and the analysis showed no clear correlation between the RAPD profile of the isolates and their corresponding geographical origin. Our data suggest the toxigenic F. verticillioides population in Texas is widely distributed wherever maize is grown. We also hypothesize that the population is fluid, with active movement and genetic recombination occurring in the field.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2001

We analyzed 88 strains of Gibberella fujikuroi (Analmorph: Fusarium section Liseola) from maize in Korea for mating population, mating type, fumonisin production vegetative compatibility, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns. We found 50 strains that were MATA-2, 22 that were MATA-1, 1 that was MATD-1, and 15 that were not reproducibly fertile with any of the mating type testers. Of the 50 MATA-2, 15 were female fertile, while 10 of the 22 MATA-1 strains were female fertile. A total of 1,138 nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from a total of 88 strains. These strains were grouped into 39 vegetative compatability groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis between nit mutants. A single maize ear could be infected by more than one VCG of F. moniliforme. RAPD analysis measured genetic diversity among 63 strains of F. moniliforme. Several VCGs were distinguished by RAPD fingerprinting patterns. Most strains produced significant levels of fumonisins. However, 6 MATA-2 strains from a single VCG produced higher levels of fumonisin $\textrm{B}_3$ than that of fumonisin $\textrm{B}_1$ or $\textrm{B}_2$. From these data, we concluded that most Korean strains of F. moniliforme associated with maize belonged to mating population A and produced significant levels of fumonisins. Futhermore, RAPD analysis could differentiate strains associated with different VCGs.