• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.315-319
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• 1996

We have developed a prototype patient monitoring system including module-based bedside units, interbed network, and central stations. A bedside unit consists of a color monitor and a main CPU unit with peripherals including a module controller. It can also include up to 3 module cases and 21 different modules. In addition to the 3-channel recorder module, six different physiological parameters of ECG, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pulse oximetry with plethysmogaph are provided as parameter modules. Modules and a module controller communicate with up to 1Mbps data rate through an intrabed network based on RS-485 and HDLC protocol. Bedside units can display up to 12 channels of waveforms with any related numeric informations simultaneously. At the same time, it communicates with other bedside units and central stations through interbed network based on 10Mbps Ethernet and TCP/IP protocol. Software far bedside units and central stations fully utilizes gaphical user interface techniques and all functions are controlled by a rotate/push button on bedside unit and a mouse on central station. The entire system satisfies the requirements of AAMI and ANSI standards in terms of electrical safety and performances. In order to accommodate more advanced data management capabilities such as 24-hour full disclosure, we are developing a relational database server dedicated to the patient monitoring system. We are also developing a clinical workstation with which physicians can review and examine the data from patients through various kinds of computer networks far diagnosis and report generation. Portable bedside units with LCD display and wired or wireless data communication capability will be developed in the near future. New parameter modules including cardiac output, capnograph, and other gas analysis functions will be added.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2011

Edible flowers are harvested at the full bloom stage and distributed without floral stems, which makes the flower quality deteriorated quickly. Thereby, this study was carried out for selection of effective storage film at room temperature during the distribution of edible flowers. Edible flowers, snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), pot-marigold (Calendula officinalis), sweet violet (Viola odorata), clove pink (Dianthus caryophyllus), wild pansy (Viola tricolor), nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) were used to select the effective storage film at room temperature during the distribution, polyethylene (PE) film (0.03 mm), polypropylene (PP) film (0.03 mm). PP (LF10) film packing was very effective for longer shelf life for sweet violet, clove pink, and wild pansy. But, there were little different for pot-marigold and nasturtium. Wilting at sweet violet, clove pink, and wild pansy, and petal-soft rot and color break at nasturtium were appeared. Browning and rot were appeared to snapdragon.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.354-357
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• 2009

"Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" was selected from a cross between "Kiyomaro", late season European cultivar with highly resistance and "Mansoo", late season Asian cultivar with long storability, large size and low susceptibility to pear scab made in 1997 at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science of Rural Development Administration in Korea. "Kiyomaro", released cross between "Taiheiyo" and "Bartlett" with scab resistance caused by Venturia nashicola in Japan, with no visual symptoms on any leaves was used as scab resistant source after field investigation and artificial inoculation test during 1997~1999. "Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" blooms 1 day earlier than "Mansoo" and 3 days later than "Kiyomaro" in 2008. It is strong in tree vigor and upright-spreading in tree habit. It is classified as highly resistant to pear scab as "Kiyomaro" and "Bartlett", and cross-compatible with parental variety and Korean major pear varieties such as "Niitaka" and "Wonwhang". The average optimum harvest time of "Wonkyo Na-heukseong 2" was approximately 180 days after full bloom and it matured about 20 days shorter than parental varieties. The fruit is spindle in shape and yellowish greenish brown in skin color. Average fruit weight was 484 g and soluble solids content was $13.2^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh had medium to high juice and negligible grit. Its fruit was crisp like Asian pear.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.154-157
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• 2009

Pear has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system and its SI reaction is controlled by a single multi-allelic S-locus. 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' was selected from a cross between 'Wonwhang', early season major pear cultivar with high fruit quality and self-incompatible, and 92-18-79 (${S_4}^{sm}{S_4}^{sm}$) obtained from self cross of 'Osa-nijisseiki' (${S_2S_4}^{sm}$) (SM, stylar-part mutant), self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible 'Nijisseiki' ($S_2S_4$) made in 2001 at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. '92-18-79' was selected as a self-compatible source through field investigation. It bloomed 1 day earlier than 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and similar to 'Wonwhang' in 2008. It is medium in tree vigor and spreading in tree habit. 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' is classified as highly susceptible to pear scab (Venturia nashicola) similar to 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and as resistant to black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) similar to 'Wonwhang'. It had 65.7% fruiting rate by self pollination. The average optimum harvest time of 'Wonkyo Na-jasoojung 2' was 148 days after full bloom and it matured 2 days earlier than 'Osa-Nijisseiki' and 11 days later than 'Wonwhang'. The fruit is roundish oblate in shape and yellowish brown in skin color. Average fruit weight was 445 g and soluble solids content was 13.3 $^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh had abundant juice and negligible grit.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2009

In recent years, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on the yield loss of soybean crop caused by Riptortus clavatus, a serious pest of legumes. The objective of this study were to examine crop damage caused by various population densities of R. clavatus and determine the association of unique growth and seed characteristics with crop damage rate in conventional soybean fields. Major growth responses to R. clavatus were examined. The cultivars that were not as seriously damaged by R. clavatus were Pungsannamulkong, Sobaegknamulkong, Duyoukong, and Sinpaldal 2, but Myeongjunamulkong, Mallikong, and Hwangkeumkong were significantly (P<0.05) damaged. The rate of seed damage caused by R. clavatus was 8.2% in a group of brown colored pubescence, while the rate was 13.0% in a group of the gray colored. Crop damage by R. clavatus clearly more reduced in cultivars with dark hilum colors including dark brown, brown, and grayish brown than those with yellow hilum colors. Concerning pod colors, crop damage was less significant in cultivars with dark brown pod color than with the light brown. Cultivars with short pod length (4.0-4.5 cm) at full seed (R6) stage showed lower seed damage rates by R. clavatus than those with long pod length (>5.6 cm). Therefore, characteristics of hilum, pod, pubescence colors, and pod length were significantly related and linked to the cultivar resistance to R. clavatus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Recently, the need for a method to cultivate 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin has been increasing. However, there is limited information available as this is a new Satsuma mandarin cultivar, which was bred by the RDA in 2004. Many farmers who cultivate this cultivar follow the cultivation method similar to that used for 'Miyagawa' Satsuma mandarin, and suffer low production of optimum-sized fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to find out the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit for the stable production of high quality 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits in a non-heated plastic film house. Seven-year-old 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin trees were used in the study. Before the treatment, the leaf-to-fruit ratio ranged from 5.7 to 17.9. The treatments included 10, 20, 30, and 40 leaves per fruit. The fruits were removed if over fruiting was observed at day 60 after full bloom. We investigated the fruit size and quality on the day of harvest. Flowering and fruiting patterns in each treatment were recorded for the following year. In the experiments, the flower-to-leaf ratio was 1.12 to 1.74. As the leaf-to-fruit ratio decreased, the fruit size and weight also decreased. Contrarily, the higher the ratio of leaf-to-fruit, the higher fruit size and weight were. It was noted that the ratio of 20:1 was ideal to produce the M grade optimum-sized Satsuma mandarin fruits on the day of harvest. However, higher ratio might result in fruits weighting above 100 g. There was no difference among the treatments in terms of fruit quality, such as total soluble solid contents, titratable acid, and color. In the subsequent years, flowering and fruiting in the treatments were lowered when the leaf number per fruit was 10, but they were improved when the leaf number per fruit was above 20. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit was found to be 20:1 for flowering and fruiting of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin. It is important that optimum ratio of leaf-to-fruit is set as a standard to produce good grade and quality of 'Haryejosaeng' Satsuma mandarin fruits.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2021

The effect of night temperature was investigated on mango (Mangifera indica cv. Irwin) for setting appropriate night temperature and managing mango cultivation in a greenhouse. Different night temperatures (10, 15, and 20℃) were treated from budding to fruit development in mango trees. As night temperature increased, the initiation of flowering, full blooming, fruiting, and fruit development tended to be accelerated. There were no significant differences in the growth of shoots flushed after the fruit harvest among trees treated with different night temperatures. The lengths of the flower stalk were the shortest at 10℃ of night temperature; however, there were no significant differences between 15℃ and 20℃ of the night temperature. The length, diameter, and weight of mango fruits were higher at 15℃ and 20℃ than 10℃. Soluble solid contents and acidities showed no difference; the firmness and skin color were better as the night temperature increased. Accordingly, setting the minimum night temperatures to 15℃ or 20℃ can increase the number of fruits and produce high-quality fruits when cultivating mango in the greenhouse. Even the minimum night temperature to 15℃ can reduce heating costs in the greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.421-430
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• 2022

Crop load management in apple trees is important for achieving optimum productivity and crop value. Hence, we investigated the influence of different crop loads on the fruit quality, mineral content, and yield of the 'RubyS' apple variety. After 4 weeks of full bloom, the crop load was adjusted by hand thinning to different (5, 10, and 15 fruits·cm^-2) trunk cross-sectional areas (TCSA), representing low, medium, and high crop loads. The low crop load increased the fruit size and weight, the development of the red-blushed area, and the peel color a^* at harvest; however, it reduced the total number of fruits·tree^-1 and yield compared with that of the other crop loads. The medium crop load improved the fruit weight, flesh firmness, and soluble solids content and reduced the fruits·tree^-1 but did not affect the fruit size and yield. However, there were no significant differences in the titratable acidity and starch index among the crop loads. The fruit mineral content (phosphorus and potassium) was higher in the low and medium crop loads compared to the high crop load. However, the nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium contents in the fruits were not affected by the crop loads. Overall, this study suggests that a low crop load improves the fruit size and weight, but its effect on the quality and fruit mineral content is similar to that of a medium crop load. Therefore, the optimum crop load level for the 'RubyS' apple trees was approximately 10 fruits·cm^-2 TCSA.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of GA₃ solution dipping treatment after 1 days full bloom on spike growth and fruit quality at harvest of 'Campbell Early' grapevine. The fruit cluster growth(weight, length, width) and fruit stalk(diameter, length) at harvest were increased significantly by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 solution dipping treatment compared to control and another concentration. The berry growth (berry No, weight, length, diameter) at harvest showed no difference by treatment GA₃ concentration different. Spike weight was increased by GA₃ 5, 10, 20, mg·L^-1 treatment compared to control, but no difference GA₃ 40 mg·L^-1 treatment. The degree of compact berry, bloom, skin color and SSC at harvest by GA₃ solution dipping treatment were not significantly different from those of control. but increased seedlessness induction by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 treatment. The occurrence percent of berry cracking by GA₃ 5, 10, 20, 40 mg·L^-1 treatment significantly decreased. The bitter rot of berry harvest showed no difference by treatment GA₃ concentration different. Total spike length was increased by GA₃ 5, 10 mg·L^-1 treatment compared to control and GA₃ 20, 40 mg·L^-1 treatment. The spike length of 1st from 15th to position increased by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 treatment.