• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.311-322
• /
• 2010

The common life with modern urban residence, spending more than 80~90% of daily life in indoor environment, makes the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) even higher. Many efforts have made to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), which requires those systematic approaches for field practice. A recent study reported that no general approach cannot be made for IAQ improvement due to the great deal of variety in different indoor environments. Those indoor spaces included in Korean IAQ regulation were classified based on their characteristics and the IAQ guideline was suggested for each group of indoor spaces. Apart from those indoor spaces, the classroom in elementary school has different characteristics. By introducing the systematic approaches, the elementary classroom was surveyed and analyzed to understand its characteristics in due IAQ consideration. Based on the characteristics, there are several IAQ control measures suggested, including ventilation operation, dust mat installation, and white board. $CO_2$ and airborne dust were monitored and analyzed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each control measure to IAQ. It was found that the general level of $CO_2$ concentration was managed under the IAQ guideline by applying the ventilator operation. The ventilation was also effective to the fugitive airborne particulate in elementary classroom environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.05b
• /
• pp.312-313
• /
• 2003

환경부 훈령 제500호 "비산먼지 저감대책 추진에 관한 업무처리 규정(2001.9.4)"에 따르면 "비산먼지"라 함은 일정한 배출구 없이 대기 중에 직접 배출되는 먼지를 말하며, 대기환경보전법에서는 비산먼지 발생사업의 신고 및 발생억제 의무를 규정하고 있다. 미국 국가배출목록(U.S. EPA, 2000)에 의하면 미세먼지(PM10) 배출량의 89%를 비산먼지가 차지하고 있으며 이러한 수치는 비산먼지가 대기질에 미치는 영향도가 어느 정도인지를 예시하고 있다. 한편 우리나라의 경우 현재 미세먼지 배출목록에서 비산먼지 항목이 누락되어 있기 때문에 효율적인 대기질 관리를 위해서는 전국 지역별 비산 먼지 배출 목록의 구축이 시급한 것으로 사료된다. (중략)

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2014

This study carried out an experiment in order to compare thermal characteristics after collecting dust generated in the process of disposing of waste tire, plywood flour in the process of manufacturing plywood, salicylic acid dust in the process of manufacturing functional soap, and dust in the process of manufacturing wheat powder, which has potential fire and explosion hazard. According to the results of experiment, the analysis showed that all samples subject to the experiment were in the condition where heat flux decreased and temperature decreased as the quantity of added talc was increased. This shows that decomposition rate decreased, and hazard decreased. However, in all of samples subject to the experiment, as heating rate increased, endothermic onset temperature moved to the low-temperature part, and the amount of absorbed heat was largely increased. This showed that the decomposition hazard of sample increased as heating rate increased, according to the analysis. Besides, TGA experiment results showed that thermal stability was secured because total weight loss decreased as the amount of talc was increased for all samples subject to the experiment regarding the ratio of weight loss. It is expected that the continuous research and supplementation of dust explosion mechanism in the future will contribute to the establishment of measures for the effective dust explosion prevention.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2012

This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.460-471
• /
• 2011

A port has been regarded as a significant contributor to air pollution in the surrounding areas. Port-related air pollutants are released from not only marine vessels, but also various land-side sources at ports, which include cargo handling equipment, vehicles, locomotives, and fugitive dust sources by port activities such as bulk handling and vehicle movements. However, most studies in Korea have only focused on vessel emissions and there is a lack of information on the emissions from other sources at port. In this study, in order to establish the port-related emission inventory and evaluate the relative contribution of these sources to air emissions from the Port of Incheon, the emissions from land-side sources were estimated and the CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) data for vessel emissions were used. In particular, the detailed information and activity data for the cargo handling equipment source were collected and the emission factors and emissions by equipment types were calculated using U.S. EPA methodologies. Total HC, CO, $NO_x$, $PM_{10}$, and $SO_2$ emissions from port-related sources including the vessel in 2007 were calculated as 229 ton/year, 638 ton/year, 4,861 ton/year, 307 ton/year, and 3,995 ton/year, respectively. It was found that the vessel was the largest contributor to air pollutant emissions from the port, the cargo handling equipment was responsible for about from 8% to 13% of HC, CO, and $NO_x$ emissions and the resuspended road dust contributed about 39% for $PM_{10}$ emissions. The results of this study will be used to establish the management and reduction strategies of air pollution in the port.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 2014

The uncertainty assessment is important to improve the reliability of emission inventory data. The DARS (Data Attribute Rating System) have recommended as the uncertainty assessment technic of emission inventory by U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EIIP (Emission Inventory Improvement Program). The DARS score is based on the perceived quality of the emission factor and activity data. Scores are assigned to four attributes; measurement/method, source specificity, spatial congruity and temporal congruity. The resulting emission factor and activity rate scores are combined to arrive at an overall confidence rating for the inventory. So DARS is believed to be a useful tool and may provide more information about inventories than the usual qualitative grading procedures (e.g. A through E). In this study, the uncertainty assessment for 2009 CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) emission inventory is conducted by DARS. According to the result of this uncertainty assessment, the uncertainty for fugitive dust emission data is higher than other sources, the uncertainty of emission factor for surface coating is the highest value, and the uncertainty of activity data for motor cycle is the highest value. Also it is analysed that the improvement of uncertainty for activity data is as much important as the improvement for emission factor to upgrade the reliability of CAPSS emission inventory.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2011

Causing by green house gas emission, global warming is being accelerated significantly. This global warming cause world climate to change quiet different than before and we call this phenomenon is Climate Change. Environmental Impact Assessment being implemented in Korea is to prevent predicted environmental impacts from deteriorating within the domestic information and situation. As the climate change is getting severe, new meteorological records can be occurred which is exceeded existing statistical data. According to KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) data, maximum value of precipitation and temperature in many regions changed with new data within last decade. And these events accompanied with landslides and flooding, and these also affected on water quality in rivers and lakes. According to impacts by climate change, disasters and accidents from heavy rain are the most apprehensive parts. And water pollution caused by overflowed non-point sources during heavy rain fall, fugitive dust caused by long-term drought, and sea level rise and Tsunami may affect on seaside industrial complex should be worth consideration. In this review, necessity of mutual consideration with influences of climate change was considered adding on existing guideline.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.108-121
• /
• 2008

On January 1, 2005, the Korean Ministry of Environment put into operation a comprehensive program, so called 'Blue Sky 21' project, for the improvement of air quality in greater Seoul metropolitan area. This program was legally based on the 'Special Act on Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement' for Greater Seoul area, which was established in 2003, and should be updated every 10 years. The principal objective of this program is to improve the air quality in Seoul and surrounding area by 2014 to the levels of air quality in Tokyo and Paris, with particular emphases on reducing the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and $PM_{10}$. Any regulation of the emission of toxic air pollutants in general, and $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ in particular, should be based on human exposure levels and consequential health effects. In this article, the contents and feasibility of the special program were critically evaluated with respect to the reduction of health risks. Important issues for improving not only air quality but public health are discussed, and future requirements for the success of the special program are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.649-660
• /
• 2015

Data obtained from the Calpuff inverse modeling estimate the emission amount of pollutants, and enable to establish the aim for reduction through the comparison of various cases. This study pursued to accumulate the fundamental data by the Calpuff inverse modeling for five areas in the vicinity of Donghae harbor, which focused on reduction of atmospheric fine dust. As a result of evaluation of the allowed emission amount for local sites, site-D required the most reduction, $4.95{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}S$, based on the atmospheric guideline, $50{\mu}g/m^3$. The theoretical mitigation could decrease the average concentration of PM10 to $42.6{\mu}g/m^3$ for the study field (Donghae waste water treatment plant). Modeling only for site-A emission showed the potential concentration around the residential area of Donghae harbor, $40{\sim}50{\mu}g/m^3$. However, it will rise over $50{\mu}g/m^3$ with the addition of background level. Therefore no more emission would be allowed. Site-B including commercial area and unpaved field required the reduction of $0.11{\mu}g/m^2{\cdot}S$ due to vehicles and fugitive dust. Site-C and E did not emit additional pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.322-331
• /
• 2007

In this study, we have analyzed $PM_{10}$ concentration measured at Incheon Regional Air Monitoring Network (10 stations) and meteorological data at Incheon Weather Station to investigate factors (i.e. wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, major meteorological phenomenon, and sea-land breezes existence) influencing $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon during 2005. Statistical differences among meteorological factors were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test. The main conditions causing high $PM_{10}$ concentration are summarized below; 1. When westerly wind prevailed (however, $PM_{10}$ decreased when winds were blowing from the east or north). 2. When the winds were calm, owing to accumulation of nearby emissions under stagnant conditions, or when the wind speed is in excess of 6 m/s, which shows the effect of fugitive dust produced by wind erosion. 3. Under the condition of high relative humidity and poor diffusion based on meteorological phenomenon such as fog, mist, and haze. 4. When the Sea-Land breezes existed, which occurred 70 days in Incheon during 2005 and contributed significantly to high $PM_{10}$ concentration in the coastal urban area. In conclusion, we have found that the meteorological factors have influence on $PM_{10}$ concentration in Incheon.