• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fuel cut

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CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY OF SOIL-BENTONITE CUT-OFF WALL FOR IN-SITU GEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTAINMENT

  • Inui, Toru;Takai, Atsushi;Katsumi, Takeshi;Kamon, Masashi;Araki, Susumu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2010.09c
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2010
  • A construction technique to install the soil-bentonite (SB) cut-off wall for in-situ geoenvironmental containment by employing the trench cutting and re-mixing deep wall method is first presented in this paper. The laboratory test results on the hydraulic barrier performance of SB in relation to the chemical compatibility are then discussed. Hydraulic conductivity tests using flexible-wall permeameters as well as swell tests were conducted for SB specimens exposed to various types and concentrations of chemicals (calcium chloride, heavy fuel oil, ethanol, and/or seawater) in the permeant and/or in the pore water of original soil. For the SB specimens in which the pore water of original soil did not contain such chemicals and thus the sufficient bentonite hydration occurred, k values were not significantly increased even when permeated with the relatively aggressive chemical solutions such as 1.0 mol/L $CaCl_2$ or 50%-concentration ethanol solution. In contrast, the SB specimens containing $CaCl_2$ in the pore water had the higher k values. The excellent linear correlation between log k and swelling pressure implies that the swelling pressure can be a good indicator for the hydraulic barrier performance of the SB.

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The Utilization of Naturally Grown Hardwood Timber Trees and Shrubs in Korea (자연생(自然生) 활엽수(闊葉樹)의 경제적(經濟的) 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shim, Chong-Supp;Lee, Phil-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.196-196
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    • 1982
  • There is a heavy stocked wood volume in the forest of Kang-Won Province compared with the other forests of Korean Provinces. It mainly, however, consists of non-productive and inferior hardwoods and shrubs which grows naturally. -This naturally grown hardwood forest should be cut and reforested with more economical confierous and diciduous tree species by artificial and natural regeneration under the positive government support. This study was carried out to survey the reasonable and economical utilization measures on harvesting wood products when existing hardwood forest should be cut primarily. This is the rust report on the resources and the classification of tree species by the uses of wood growing in the hardwood forest of Kang-Won Province. According to the investigation, 321 hardwood species are growing in this forest, and 141 species of them are extremely not suitable for wood production. The usable species as fuel wood was 180, and these are able to classify into the 22 groups by the uses of wood.

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PV System with Battery Storage using Peak-cut Algorithm (피크컷 알고리즘을 적용한 에너지 저장장치를 갖는 태양광 시스템)

  • Lim, Jong-Ung;Han, D.H;Kim, S.Y;Ban, C.H;Choi, C.M;Choe, Gyu-Ha
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2012.11a
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    • pp.135-136
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    • 2012
  • Renewable energy is getting more important due to its alternative usage of fossil fuel. This paper discusses the system using Peak-cut alagorithm of solar power which takes great proportion in renewable energy. It also proves the validity of this system by simulation and experiment.

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Operation Modes of a Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle (동력 분기 하이브리드 전기 자동차의 운행 모드 시뮬레이션)

  • Ahn Kuk-Hyun;Cho Sung-Tae;Lim Won-Sik;Park Yeong-Il;Lee Jang-Moo
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.2 no.2 s.6
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2006
  • The power split hybrid powertrain is considered to be one of the most prospective configuration for the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Toyota Prius, representing this type of vehicle, showed outstanding performances in fuel efficiency, emission reduction and acceleration. The excellence is largely due to the fact that it utilizes almost all operation modes of HEV. Those modes include ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) driving, idle stop, fuel cut-off, power assist, active charging, regenerative braking and so forth. In this paper, a few of the mode operations were simulated using AVL Cruise. Also, control logics to operate the powertrain in each mode were developed. The states of powertrain components were displayed and analyzed. By controlling the three components (engine, motor and generator), it was possible to run the powertrain in several hybrid operation modes.

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Optimal Generation Asset Arbitrage In Electricity Markets

  • Shahidehpour Mohammad;Li Tao;Choi Jaeseok
    • KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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    • v.5A no.4
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    • pp.311-321
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    • 2005
  • A competitive generating company (GENCO) could maximize its payoff by optimizing its generation assets. This paper considers the GENCO's arbitrage problem using price-based unit commitment (PBUC). The GENCO could consider arbitrage opportunities in purchases from qualifying facilities (QFs) as well as simultaneous trades with spots markets for energy, ancillary services, emission, and fuel. Given forecasted hourly market prices for each market, the GENCO's generating asset arbitrage problem is formulated as a mixed integer program (MIP) and solved by a branch-and-cut algorithm. A GENCO with 54 thermal and 12 combined-cycle units is considered for analyzing the proposed formulation. The proposed case studies illustrate the significance of simultaneous arbitrage by applying PBUC to multi-commodity markets.

Solar Energy Utilization in a Greenhouse Bulk Curing and Drying System. (II) (Greenhouse Bulk 건조기에 의한 태양열이용에 관한 연구 (제2보))

  • 이철환;변주섭
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 1983
  • The greenhouse bulk curing and drying system utilization of the direct solar energy was tested to evaluate that how much fuel could be saved for curing flue-cured tobacco at the Dae Gu Experiment Station (North latitude : $35^{\circ}$49'), in 1979-1982. The air temperature and total radiation were 19.0 to 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and 1311.0 to 1412.7 cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$/day during the 4 replicated curing test, respectively. The greenhouse bulk curing and drying system was able to cut fuel consumption by 32% compared with the conventional bulk curing barn. We could obtain almost same utilization efficiency of solar energy in 1982 compare with normal year, mainly increasing the heat receiving area.

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Characteristics of Fabricated MEA(Membrane Electrode Assembly) on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Made by the Screen Printing Method (스크린 프린팅법을 이용하여 제조된 고분자 전해질 연료전지에서 MEA(조합 막 전극)의 특성)

  • 임재욱;최대규;류호진
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 2003
  • The effect of fabrication method of catalytic layer on electrode performance has been investigated. Brush, spray gun and screen printer were used as fabrication tool and catalytic layers were formed by several methods in screen printing. Direct screen printing on polymer membrane, screen printing on carbon paper, and their combined method were applied. In the electrode fabricated by the screen printing method, Pt loading of Pt/C catalysts could be cut down to 50%, compared with results by the brushing and spraying methods. The best result of electrode was obtained as 0.6 V, at 1 A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ when catalytic layer was formed by the combined way.

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Factors Affecting on Electrochemical Performances for Zn/Air Fuel Cell (Zn/Air Fuel Cell의 전기화학적 성능에 미치는 인자연구)

  • Lee, Chang-Woo;Eom, Seung-Wook;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Moon, Seong-In;Yun, Mun-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2005.07b
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    • pp.1717-1718
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    • 2005
  • Zn/Air 전지는 방전하는 동안에 최종 방전 cut-off 전압에 이르기까지 평탄한 voltage profile의 전기화학적 특성을 보여준다. Air cathode 전극의 경우, 전극의 porosity에 따라 특성변화에 큰 영향을 가지는 것으로 보이며 이의 비교연구를 위해 사용되어지는 활성탄의 종류를 달리함으로써 이러한 인자의 영향을 이해하고자 하였다. 이러한 인자연구는 discharge voltage, specific capacity, 및 energy 등의 연구결과를 바탕으로 고찰되어졌으며 결과적으로 공기 유로를 통한 산소의 원활한 공급 여부가 주요 원인인 것으로 여겨진다.

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Operation Modes of a Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle (동력 분기 하이브리드 전기 자동차의 운행 모드 시뮬레이션)

  • Ahn, Kuk-Hyun;Cho, Sung-Tae;Lim, Won-Sik;Park, Yeong-Il;Lee, Jang-Moo
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.547-550
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    • 2006
  • The power split hybrid power train is considered to be one of the most prospective configuration for the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Toyota Prius, representing this type of vehicle, showed outstanding performances in fuel efficiency, emission reduction and acceleration. The excellence is largely due to the fact that it utilizes almost all operation modes of HEV. Those modes include ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) driving, idle stop, fuel cut-off, power assist, active charging, regenerative braking and so forth. In this paper, a few of the mode operations were simulated using AVL Cruise. Also, control logics to operate the powertrain in each mode were developed. The states of powertrain components were displayed and analyzed. By controlling the three components (engine, motor and generator), it was possible to run the powertrain in several hybrid operation modes.

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New Fracture Toughness Test Method of Zircaloy-4 Nuclear Fuel Cladding (Zircaloy-4 핵연료 피복관의 신파괴인성 시험법)

  • Oh, Dong-Joon;Ahn, Sang-Bok;Hong, Kwon-Pyo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.823-832
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    • 2003
  • To define the causes of cladding degradation which can take place during the operation of nuclear power plants, it is required to develop the new fracture toughness test of spent fuel cladding. The fracture toughness of Zircaloy-4 cladding was estimated using the recently developed KAERI embedded Charpy (KEC) specimen. Axially notched KEC specimens cut directly from unirradiated fuel claddings, were tested in a way similar to the standard toughness test method of a Single Edge Bending (SEB) specimen. The results of KEC fracture toughness test at room temperatures were discussed and compared with those of the previous other studies. In conclusions, even though the KEC fracture toughness test of nuclear fuel claddings was easier and more reliable than those developed earlier, the results from the cladding fracture tests were not the material characteristics but the specific fracture parameters which were deeply related to the specification of claddings. In addition, the phenomenon of a thickness yielding was not observed from the fracture surface. It was closely related to the fact that the plane strain condition of the KEC specimen was changed to the plane stress condition during crack advancing. It was also supported by the fractographic evidence that the formation of ductile dimples at the crack initiation became the similar appearance such as a quasi-cleavage after the sufficient crack advancing.