• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.61-64
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• 1969

By way of paper chromatography, free sugars in pycnial drops of Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow were investigated in regard of their biochemical interrelation with free sugars of Chinese juniper and pear leaf. The free sugar in pycnial drops of Gynnosporangium haraeanum Sydow were identified to only Fructose spot. Free sugars in Chinese juniper leaf were identified to Glucose. Galactose and two unknown spots. Free sugars of another sample in pear leaf were identified to spots of Glucose, Furctose and Galactose. The Arbutin from pear leaf was crystalized and its structure was identified to Glucose and Hydroquinone. The acetone powder of Emulsin was incubated for 1 hour at $40^{\circ}C$ with 0.05 M Arbutin substrate in test tube and purified by general method with the purpose of analysis of its. metabolic products. And the paper chromatographic analysis showed it to be Glucose spot. From the above results, this Fructose in pycinal drops of Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow is presumed to be the exchangeable from free sugars in pear leaf or to be the hydrolyzed of $\beta-glycoside$ (Arbutin)-the metabolic isomerization of Glucose into Fructose by pycnia isomerase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2009

We previously demonstrated that zinc plus arachidonic acid (ZA) treatment lowered blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, genetically diabetic obese (ob/ob) mice, and genetically diabetic, non-obese Goto-Kakizaki rats. However, plasma insulin levels did not increase with ZA treatment, suggesting that ZA lowers blood glucose levels not by stimulating pancreatic insulin secretion. However, it is unclear whether these agents lower blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose output (HGO) or by increasing glucose utilization in peripheral tissues, or both. In order to determine ZA target organ of insulin action, we divided 18 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing ${\sim}130g$ into 3 groups (6 rats per group) and treated them for four weeks with: (1) Control diet (regular rat chow), (2) High fructose (60.0%) diet only, and (3) the same fructose diet plus zinc (10 mg/L) and arachidonic acid (50 mg/L) containing drinking water. After 4 weeks, insulin action was assessed using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. Food intake and body weights were comparable in all three groups of rats throughout the study period. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose uptake, and HGO in the basal state were all the same in these three rat groups. During the clamp study, fructose-treated and fructose+ZA treated rat groups did not exhibit any detectable change on insulin-mediated glucose uptake compared to controls. High fructose feeding impaired insulin mediated suppression of HGO, compared to controls during clamp (4.39 vs. 2.35 mg/kg/min; p<0.05). However, ZA treatment in high fructose-fed rats showed a remarkable increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity compared to high fructose-fed rats, reflected by a complete recovery in suppression of HGO during the clamp (4.39 vs. 2.18 mg/kg/min; p<0.05). This data suggests that ZA increases insulin sensitivity in liver but not glucose utilization of peripheral tissues in high fructose-fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.537-544
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• 2013

This study was performed to establish method of simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in honey and commercial vitamin drinks by GC and GC/MS. Optimum chromatographic separation of trimethylsilyl-oxime (TMSO) derivatives by GC was achieved on a DB-5 column. Calibration curves for fructose, glucose and sucrose TMSO derivatives by GC were linear in the range of 50-5000 ${\mu}g/mL$, and their $r^2$ values were 0.9999, The limit of detection and limit of quantification of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.68, 0.47, and 0.53 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and 2.27, 1.58, and 1.77 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Average recoveries of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 100.5, 101.0, and 99.7%, respectively. When the method was applied to 12 honey samples, the average concentrations of fructose, glucose and sucrose were $42.58{\pm}1.97%$, $27.74{\pm}1.16%$, and $0.79{\pm}0.52%$, respectively. The F/G ratio was $1.53{\pm}0.07$. For fructose and glucose contents, results from the GC analysis were similar to those from the HPLC analysis, but the sucrose content was different for each analysis method. We suggest that the GC method is more suitable than other official analytical methods for simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in honey.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.362-369
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• 1997

Chemometric technique was applied to the sugar composition in five honeys of known botanical or geographical origin following HPLC. Fructose and glucose were predominant carbohydrates in honeys, and small amount of sucrose was also detected in one sample. Sugar contents in honeys samples were compared by the geographical or botanical origin. Fructose/glucose ratio ranged from 0.99 to 1.55 was obtained and these results are in good agreement with the ratio of literature. The plot of principal components analysis(PCA) showed that different honey samples grouped into distinct cluster by the geographical or botanical origin. Increasing the first or second principal component score, higher amount of sugar or less fructose/glucose ratio was observed in PCA plot. Chemometric approach was very useful to provide pattern recognition of sugar profile or quality indices of honey sample and to detect adulteration.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of various honeys originating from different sources, and to identify factors potentially useful for distinguishing the honey sources. The sugar composition, moisture content and total acidity of twenty six honey samples were analyzed. The moisture contents were lowest in honeys from Acacia and were not greatly different with regard to honey sources. Fructose content was highest, followed by glucose, sucrose and maltose in all kinds of honey. Sugar composition did not show any reliable criterion useful for identifying the sources of honey samples. The fructose/glucose ratio did not differ among samples, however the ratios in honeys from Acacia and Chestnut were higher than honey from poly floral sources. The total acidity of honeys ranged 10.30-12.45 meq/kg regard-less of the source, thus acidity is not a useful criterion for identifying the honey source.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1 s.38
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• pp.51-59
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• 1986

The effect of metabolic substrate fructose on the force of contraction of isolated rat atria depressed with lidocaine was determined. Fructose produced dose-dependent increase in the force of contraction of isolated atria depressed by substrate-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium. The maximally effective concentration of fructose was 30 mM. The isolated atria, suspended in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium aerated with 95% $O_2-5%CO_2$at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.4, were depressed 50% by approximately 2.34 mg/100 ml of lidocaine. Addition of 30 mM fructose to these depressed atria resulted in a marked increase in the contractile force similar to that with pyruvate and acetate. Fructose had no significant effect, however, on atria exposed to low-calcium medium. The results are consistent with a previous report suggesting blockade by lidocaine of the uptake or utilization of glucose in the glycolytic pathway, and further pinpoint the blockade as an early step in the glycolytic sequence prior to the phospho-fructokinase step.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

Chemical composition and microscopic observation of white powder developed in the surface of dried persimmon which produced in several region in Korea were studied. Sugar content in flesh of dried persimmon was $56{\sim}59%$ and composed of glucose and fructose. White powder developed in the surface of dried persimmon was composed of sugar 84.6%, moisture 12.5% and insoluble matter 2.7%, respectively. The major sugar of white powder was glucose with 83.3% and fructose was 16.7%. With scanning electron microscopic obsevation, white powder was seen the shape like a plate, flower, needle and horn, and it was similiar to the shape of recrystalized glucose after hydration. White powder in surface of dried persimmon was seemed that glucose and fructose in flesh were migrated with moisture to drying surface during drying process and glucose was crystalized in the surface of dried persimmon.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1991

Continuous and simultaneous production of gluconic acid and sorbitol from glucose and fructose was carried out by using glucose-fructose oxidoreductase and glucanolactonase of Zymomonas mobilis. In order to utilize the enzymes without purification, Zymomonas mobilis was permeabilized with toluene. Optimum conditions for permeabilization and reaction kinetics of permeabilized Zymomonas mobilis were studied. In batch operation with the permeabilized cells immobilized in alginate beads, about 90% conversion was obtained within 35 h reaction. Continuous production of gluconic acid and sorbitol using the immobilized permeabilized cells was carried out. Optimum conditions for continuous operation with the imn~obilized cells were; pH 6.2 and temperature $40^{\circ}C$. Maximum productivities for gluconic acid and sorbitol were about 14.5 g/l/h and 14.8 g/l/h respectively at the dilution rate of 0.075 $h^{-1}$ when 300 g/l each of substrates was fed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.675-683
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• 2016

One osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. This selected strain, named SK-ENNY, was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial D1/D2 large-subunit domains of the 26S ribosomal RNA. SK-ENNY was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (HFGS) from sucrose-containing biomass. Conversion rates to HFGS from 310-610 g/l of pure sucrose and from 75-310 g/l of sugar beet molasses were 73.5-94.1% and 76.2-91.1%, respectively. In the syrups produced, fructose yields were 89.4-100% and 96.5-100% and glucose yields were 57.6-82.5% and 55.3-79.5% of the theoretical values for pure sucrose and molasses sugars, respectively. This is the first report of employing M. guilliermondii for production of HFGS from sucrose-containing biomass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1997

Nonvolatile polyhydroxyalkylpyrazines(PHAPs) are known to degrade volatile pyrazine compounds having positive aroma and sensory attributes during cigarette smoking. In this paper, the content of PHAPs in burley tobacco leaves toasted to different levels as temperature and time study were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and was also investigated effects of added sugars, sucrose, glucose or fructose, on the generation of PHAPs during toasting. The addition of glucose or fructose as casing sauce in burley tobacco leaves resulted in significant increases, especially 2,6-deoxyfructosaBine from glucose added leaves and 2,5-deoxyfructosazint from fructose added leaves, in generation of PHAPs during toasting, while control and sucrose added leaves did not observed in generation of PHAPS. Formation rates of PHAPs in glucose or fructose added tobacco leaves, but not sucrose, showed a strong dependence on both toasting temperature and time.