• 제목/요약/키워드: Frozen

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흰쥐대구치 치수노출후 치수조직내 CGRP함유 신경섬유의 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구 (AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CGRP CONTAINING NERVE FIBERS AFTER PULP EXPOSURE IN RAT MOLAR)

  • 김은성;박일윤;문주훈
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.372-380
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) containing nerve fivers after pulp exposure in rats. The Spague-Dawley rats weighing about 250 - 300g were used. The animals were devided into normal control group and experimental groups. Experimental animals were sacrified on 2, 4, 7, 10 days after pulp exposure. The maxillary teeth and alveolar bone were removed and immersed in the 4% paraformaldehyde plus 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Serial frozen $50{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut with a cryostat. In the immunohistochemical staining procedure, the rabbit CGRP antibody was used as a primary antibody. The sections were incubated for 48 hours at $4^{\circ}C$, and placed into biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG as a secondary antibody and incubated in ABC (avidin-biotin complex), The sections were visualized by 0.05% 3.3 diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In control group, CGRP containing nerve fibers ran parallel to the long axis of root and reached the coronal pulp. They were distributed on Raschkow plexus under the odontoblastic layer. 2. In 2 day group after pulp exposure, tissue necrosis and acute inflammation occurred and CGRP containing nerve fibers increased. In 4 day group, the necrotic tissue extended to the pulp and CGRP containing nerve fibers were distributed around the inflammation zone. 3. In 7 day group after pulp exposure, pulp necrosis occurred, and in 10 day group, the abscess under the necrotic pulp extended to the root apex area and CGRP containing nerve fibers were not observed in root canals. 4.The sprouting of CGRP nerve fibers was most remarkable at the pulp chamber under injury in 4 day group, and it was found at inflammation zone under the necrotic tissue in 7 day group and the remaining root pulp tissue in 10 day group. As mentioned above, CGRP nerve fibers had a tendency to increase around the inflammatory zone, especially around the acute inflammation tissue, when compared with control group. It is suggested that CGRP nerve fibers maybe related to the control of inflammatory response of pulp tissue.

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구강상피세포의 냉동보관 방법에 따른 세포생존률 비교 (COMPARISON OF VIABILITY OF ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS STORED BY DIFFERENT FREEZING METHODS)

  • 백도영;이승종;정한성;김의성
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.491-499
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구의 목적은 구강상피세포를 배양한후 각기 다른 조건의 냉동 보존법으로 6일간 보존시 각각의 세포의 활성도를 Cell counting, WST-1, Clonogenic capacity의 방법을 이용하여 비교 평가하기 위함이다. 각 실험군당 $1\times10^6$개의 세포를 다음의 방법으로 6일간 냉동 보존한다. Freezing container에 담아 $1^{\circ}C$/min의 냉동속도로 $-70^{\circ}C$까지 냉동 후 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동하여 보관한 일반 냉동 보존군, 세포를 바로 $-196^{\circ}C$의 액화질소에 넣어 냉동한 급속 냉동 보존군, $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min속도로 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 저속 냉동 보존군, 2 Mpa, 3 Mpa의 압력을 가하고 $-0.5^{\circ}C$/min속도로 $4^{\circ}C$에서 $-35^{\circ}C$까지 서서히 냉동시킨 뒤 $-196^{\circ}C$에 냉동한 2 Mpa, 3 Mpa압력 저속 냉동 보존군으로 나누었다. 6일 후 냉동되었던 세포를 급속 해빙하여 각각의 Cell counting, WST-1, Clonogenic capacity 값을 측정하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 2 Mpa혹은 3 Mpa의 압력을 이용한 저속 냉동법이 저속 냉동법 및 급속 냉동법 보다 세포 활성도에 있어 우수한 경향을 나타내었다.

겨울기온 상승에 따른 복숭아 나무 '장호원황도' 품종의 결과지에 대한 동상해위험 공간분석: II. 휴면심도로 표현한 생리적 내동성에 근거한 동해위험지수 (Geospatial Assessment of Frost and Freeze Risk in 'Changhowon Hwangdo' Peach (Prunus persica) Trees as Affected by the Projected Winter Warming in South Korea: II. Freezing Risk Index Based on Dormancy Depth as a Proxy for Physiological Tolerance to Freezing Temperature)

  • 김진희;김수옥;정유란;윤진일;황규홍;김정배;윤익구
    • 한국농림기상학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.213-220
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    • 2009
  • 복숭아 나무 '장호원황도' 품종의 결과지에 대한 월동기간 중 생리적 내한성을 가리키는 지표로서 일별 기온에 의해 계산되는 휴면심도를 설정하였다. 휴면심도 추정모형의 최적모수(기준온도, 저온요구도)를 도출하기 위해 2008-2009 겨울 동안 총 12회에 걸친 실험을 수행한 결과, 내생휴면해제에 필요한 '장호원황도'의 기준온도 $5.7^{\circ}C$와 저온요구도 -108을 얻었다. 1992-2008년 기간 중 수원기상대 일 최고 및 최저기온자료를 이용하여 이 모형에 의해 '장호원황도'의 만개기를 예측하고 기존의 DVS모형과 회귀모형에 의한 예상 만개기와 비교한 결과 이 모형의 예측능력이 우수하였다. 이 모형에 의해 추정된 휴면심도를 선행연구에서 얻은 동해유발온도와 결합하여 동해위험확률을 계산할 수 있는 경험식을 도출하였다. 날짜와 최저기온이 주어지면 이 식에 의해 '장호원황도'의 갈변이나 발아장해 등 동해증상이 나타날 수 있는 확률, 즉 동해위험 지수를 미리 알 수 있으므로 복숭아 재배농가의 동해 경감에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

혈관문합 연습을 위한 보존된 복재정맥의 활용 (Microsurgical Training using Preserved Saphenous Vein)

  • 송제니퍼김;황소민;임광열;정용휘
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.391-395
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Given that the critical nature of the microvascular anastomosis to what is often a long and difficult reconstructive operation, trainees need to have a high level of microsurgical competence before being allowed to perform microsurgery on patients. Some artificial substitutes and dead or live animal models have been used to improve manual dexterity under the operating microscope. Yet, most surgeons are not equipped with such models, so search for easy available and appropriate microsurgical practice model have been an issue. Umbilical artery, placental vessels and gastroepiploic arteries have been previously suggested as a microsurgical training model, which involves other surgical departments. The purpose of this article is to introduce that saphenous vein specimen obtained from varicose vein surgery is useful and has many advantages as training model for the practice of microvascular anastomosis. Methods: The conventional technique using perforation/inversion method with a metallic stripper is widely performed for varicose vein patients. The stripper is inserted through disconnected safeno-femoral junction and retrieved at the knee or the medial side of ankle. The length of saphenous vein specimens removed is about that of one's leg and inversed from inside out. Obtained saphenous vein specimens are re-inversed and cleansed with normal saline, to be readily available for microsurgical practice. Preserved in a squeezed wet saline gauze and refrigerated, frozen or glycerated specimens were investigated into their comparative quality for microsurgical practice. Results: Varicose vein surgery remains one of the common operations performed in the field of plastic surgery. Convenient informed consent regarding the vessel donation can be easily signed. The diameter of the obtained saphenous vein is as variable as 1.5 to 6 mm, which is already stripped, and is in sufficient length corresponding to that of patient's leg. Vessels specimens were available for microsurgical practice within 1 week period when preserved with squeezed wet saline gauze, and the preservation period could be extended monthly by freezing it. Conclusion: Saphenous vein obtained from varicose vein patients provide with variable size of vessel lumen with sufficient length. The practice can be cost effective and does not require microsurgical laboratory. Additionally there is no need of involving other surgical departments in acquiring vessel specimens. Furthermore, simple preservation method of refrigerating for a week or freezing with squeezed wet saline gauze for a month period, allow the saphenous vein obtained after varicose vein surgery as an excellent model for the microsurgical practice.

Oleoresin Rosemary와 Sage에 의한 기계발골계육의 산패억제 효과 (Effect of Oleoresin Rosemary and Sage on the Retardation of Oxidative Rancidity in Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat(MDCM))

  • 이성기;조규석;박구부;하정기;이상진;정선부
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 1993
  • 육계의 목과 등뼈 등 복합부위에서 압출하여 얻은 기계발골계육에 천연 oleoresin rosemary와 sage를 지방함량 기준으로 각각 0.1%, 이들을 혼합하여 각각 0.05% 만큼 첨가하여 $3^{\circ}C$와 -$25^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 산패억제 효과를 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 기계발골계육의 수분, 단백질, 지방 및 회분은 각각 66.3%, 17.6%, 15.0%, 1.10%이었으며 혼입되어 있는 뼈는 원형 및 칼날 모양의 크고 작은 조각들로 관찰됐다. 2. 기계발골계육을 3$^{\circ}C$에 저장할 때 무첨가인 경우 2일 이후부터 산패가 진행되어 6일 이후에는 급속히 증가하였다. 0.1% oleoresin rosemary나 0.1% sage를 첨가한 구는 저장기간 중에 거의 산패가 억제되었으며 rosemary보다 sage가 항산화력이 더 강하였다. 또 현저한 차이는 없었지만 sage나 rosemary를 혼합하여 첨가하는 구가 sage 단독으로 첨가한 구보다도 강한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 3. 기계발골계육을 $-25^{\circ}C$에 저장할 때도 oleoresin 향신료 첨가에 의해 현저한 산패 억제 효과가 있었다. 무첨가구에서는 50일 이상 저장시 급격히 산패가 증가하는데 비해 oleoresin 향신료 첨가구는 저장 100일까지도 산패가 지연되었다.

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동결 생쥐 난자에서의 calcium 전류 (Calcium current on cryopreservation in mouse oocytes)

  • 강다원;김은심;최창용;박재용;한재희;홍성근
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2002
  • Cryopreservation is commonly used for an efficient utilization of semen, oocytes and embryos but has disadvantage in the survival, development of the post-thawed eggs. The high risk in the survival, development of eggs after thawing is thought to be caused by inappropriate internal regulation of $Ca^{2+}$ and/or formation of intracellular ice crystals. In this experiment, we tested whether the $Ca^{2+}$ current (iCa), a decisive factor to $Ca^{2+}$ entry, was altered in post-thawed oocytes by using whole cell voltage clamp technique. The quality and survival rates of the oocytes derived from both fresh and frozen groups were examined by morphology and FDA-test. Vitrified oocytes (VOs) were incubated for 4 hr after thawing and then donated to this experiment. Ethyleneglycol-ficoll-galactose (EFG) was used as a cryoprotectant for vitrification. The membrane potential was held at -80 mV and step depolarizations of 250 ms were applied from -50 mV to 50 mV in 10 mV increments. The survival rates showed a higher in VOs vitrified with EFG containing $Ca^{2+}$ than in VOs vitrified with EFG under the $Ca^{2+}$-free condition (82.0% vs 14%). In group with/without $Ca^{2+}$, the survival rates were significantly (P<0.01) difference. In the fresh metaphase II oocytes (FOs), current-voltage (I-V) relationship showed that iCa began to activate at -40 mV and reached its maximum at -10 mV. With same voltage pulses, inward currents were elicited in VOs. I-V relationships observed in VOs were similar to those in FOs. Time constants of activation and inactivation of the inward current shown in VOs were not different to those in FOs. This accordance in I-V relations and time constants in FOs with those in VOs indicates that the inward currents in FOs are unaltered by vitrification and thawing. Therefore, vitrification with EFG does not play as a factor to deteriorate $Ca^{2+}$ entry across the membrane of the oocytes.

체외수정란 이식시 수태율에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 (Factors affecting pregnancy rates following transfer of bovine embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro)

  • 김성기;노상호;이은송;이병천;황우석
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.919-927
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    • 1996
  • In the last few years, methods for in vitro culture of early embryo stages from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro using suitable cell culture systems have been established. But the factors affecting pregnancy rates following transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro were not evaluated enough. So this study was performed to investigate the effects of quality and stage of embryos, parity and Corpus Luteum quality of recipients on pregnancy rates following non-surgical transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Oocytes aspirated from small antral follicles of ovaries obtained at a local slaughter house were matured, fertilized with frozen-thawed semen and co-cultured for 6-7 days by utilizing co-culture system with bovine oviduct epithelial cell in vitro. After co-culture, embryos were transfered to recipients on day 7 (estrus=day 0). Recipients were monitored by ultrasonic scanning method or observation for estrus and rectal palpation after 50 days from transfer. The results of this study are follows. 1. Of the 70 recipients, 70%(49 of 70) had not showed estrus sign between day 0 and day 50, but 22.9%(16 of 70) was diagnosed not pregnant. Therefore the overall pregnancy rate of this study was 47.1%(33 of 70). 2. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with excellent(66.7%) and good(54.5%) embryos were higher than that of recipients transfered with fair embryos(15.8%) (p<0.05). 3. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with morula, compacted morula, blastocyst and expanded blastocysts were 46.2, 55.0, 62.5 and 50.0%, respectively. 4. The pregnancy rates of recipients transfered to heifer and cow were 54.5 and 55.2%, respectively. 5. The pregnancy rates of recipients with CL score I, II(66.7, 63.6%) were higher than those of recipients with CL score III (10%), (p<0.05). Success of transfer of embryos produced in vitro depends on many variables. The important factors identified in this study were the quality of embryos and the CL score of recipient animals after non-surgical transfer of embryos matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro.

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하도(河圖)와 러셀 역설 (Hado and Russell's Paradox)

  • 김병수
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.583-590
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    • 2007
  • The significance of Han medicine (韓醫學), the Korean traditional medicine, that has lasted throughout the past couple millenniums relies upon Han Philosophy distinguished by its uniqueness. In brief, the specificity of Han medicine is characterized by unity of spirit and body, part and whole. According to this theory, when curing a frozen shoulder, it is usually cured by acupuncturing the area around the part that aches, but also doing so on the area that is totally different from the aching part such as the opposite part of the body. In fact, this can be pursued only through aspects that enable one to realize the unity of part and whole, and a ground for this possibility bases upon the crux of Eastern Philosophy, I-ching(역), such as theory of Five Elements (음양오행) and Three Pillars(삼재). In Western set theory, the issues of Class(부류) and elements(요원), whole and part were independently discussed in the area of mereology, and the question of part and whole was encountered with aporia and paradox since Greek ancient philosophy. At the turn of this century, many philosophers endeavored to pursue academic inquiry to resolve this paradox, especially by Russell and Whitehead through ${\ll}$Principia Mathematica${\gg}$ at the beginning of this century. in the process, there came out a phrase 'Russell's Paradox'. Russell himself proposed a typological resolution as an answer to the inquiry. However, 'Russell's Paradox' still remains as an aporia even till present days. During medieval period, this inquiry was even considered as 'insolubia'. Throughout this paper, 1 attempt to provide an analytic aspect on 'Russell's Paradox' from an unique thinking method and perspective of Han medicine that embodies the concept of 'unity of part and whole'. To do so, 1 suggest a physiological model in the first place depicted by diagrams of Circle 원, Quadrangle 방, Triangle 각(CQT) that portray the logic of Hado or Hotu 하도 which is 'the pattern from the river Ho'. That is to suggest that CQT원방각 of Hado can De a logical foundation that explains the notions of spirit (정신,뇌), internal organs(장부), and meridian system which functions as a solution to the question of 'Russell's Paradox'. There are precedent academic works examining the issue from philosophical aspect such as Sangil Kim's ${\ulcorner}$Han medicine과 러셀역설 해의${\lrcorner}$ Han Medicine and Resolution of Russell's Paradox(2005), and this analysis will further attempt to critically examine such works from a perspective of Han medicine.

넙치 혈청의 보존 조건이 ELISA 결과에 미치는 영향 (Effect of storage conditions of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus serum on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

  • 김위식;장민석;김종오;김두운;정성주;김석렬;박명애;오명주
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 넙치 혈청의 보존 조건이 ELISA 결과에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 항 BSA 넙치 혈청을 이용해 보존 온도, 보존 기간 및 해동 횟수에 따른 ELISA값을 비교하였다. 넙치 혈청을 보존 온도 (-80, -20, 4 및 20${^{\circ}C}$) 및 기간 (1, 30, 69 및 124일)에 따른 ELISA OD 값을 비교한 결과, 모든 시료에서 뚜렷한 OD값의 차이는 확인되지 않았다. -80℃ 및 -20${^{\circ}C}$에 보존된 혈청을 사용하여 해동횟수 (1, 5, 10회)에 따른 ELISA OD값을 비교한 결과, 해동을 반복한 혈청 및 미동결 혈청의 OD값은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 넙치 혈청은 -80, -20, 4 및 20${^{\circ}C}$에서 124일간 보존하거나 혈청을 10회 반복 해동하여도 ELISA 결과에 영향을 끼치지 않는 것이 확인되었다.

단백분해효소와 배양방법의 종류에 따른 비피더스균의 생육특성 및 soy yogurt의 품질특성 (Growth Characteristics of Bifidobacteria and Quality Characteristics of Soy Yogurt Prepared with Different Proteolytic Enzymes and Starter Culture)

  • 이정은;이숙영
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.603-610
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구는 분리대두단백을 세 종류의 단백분해효소로 처리하여 가수분해시킨 후 B. bifidum으로 단독배양하거나 B. bifidum과 L. acidophilus 또는 B. bifidum과 L. bulgaricus로 혼합배양하여 soy yogurt를 제조한 다음 비피더스균의 생육 특성 및 시료의 품질특성을 측정하였다. Soy yogurt에서 혼합배양의 경우 단독배양보다 pH는 더 낮았으나 산도는 더 높았으며 생균수는 더 많았다. 유기산의 함량은 혼합배양의 경우 lactic acid의 함량이 매우 많았으나 단독배양시에는 acetic acid와 succinic acid의 함량이 많았다. 또한 유리아미노산의 함량은 효소처리군의 경우 단독배양시에 혼합배양보다 많았으며 A. oryzae로부터 추출한 단백분해효소처리군에서 그 함량이 월등히 많았으나 ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ 처리군에서는 그 함량이 가장 적었다. 이는 효소처리군 중에서 ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ 처리군의 가수분해도는 가장 높았으나 그 가수분해물의 비피더스균 생육촉진 효과가 가장 적어서 유기산 및 유리아미노산의 함량이 가장 낮았고 pH가 가장 높았으며 산도는 가장 낮았고 생균수는 가장 적었다. 효소처리한 soy yogurt의 점도와 보수력은 비효소처리군보다 더 낮았으며, 특히${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ 처리군의 점도와 보수력은 다른 효소처리군에 비해 더 높았다. 휘발성 향기성분 중 acetaldehyde, ethanol, diacetyl 및 butyl alcohol의 함량은 발효에 의해 증가되었다. 품질이 향상된 frozen soy yogurt를 개발하기 위한 중간단계로써 단백분해효소와 배양방법을 달리하여 soy yogurt를 제조하였으며, 본 연구결과를 전반적으로 종합하여 볼 때 분리대두단백을 단백분해효소로 처리하고 비피더스균에 젖산균들을 혼합배양하므로써 lactic acid 생성 및 비피더스균의 생육을 촉진시켰다.

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