• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2016

This study attempted to analyze trends of structural changes in the front middle part of men's underwear and get basic data for the development of men's underwear patterns. In terms of a research method, the structure and pattern of the front middle part of men's underwear were analyzed by referring to the design and description of the drawing, focusing on men's underwear which targeted to isolate penis from scrotum among the 'men's underwear' or 'functional men's underwear'-related patents. According to the study, three topics were obtained as follows: a support attached to the inside of the front middle part; inner cloth attached to the inside of the front middle part; change in the structure of the front middle panel. The aspects by the specific topic targeted to isolate penis from scrotum and prevent the scrotum from adhered to a thigh are as follows: 1) When a support is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following three methods are proposed: Penis isolated from scrotum by a rest which is designed using the band; penis and scrotum rested in the band and in a pocket respectively; protruded rest inside the front middle part of the underwear. 2) When an inner cloth is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following methods are designed: A pocket-type inner cloth is attached; isolation of penis hole from the scrotum pocket using a rectangular separator; U-shaped pocket designed to rest penis and scrotum is attached. 3) Regarding change in the structure of the front middle panel, the integration of penis and scrotum resting parts can be divided into two cases: Securing a space using wrinkles; keeping it voluminous using the vertical line. In this all-in-one penis and scrotum-holding type, in addition, different front panel patterns were applied.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

This paper describes a crashworthy design for the front structure of KHST (Korean High Speed Train) under the SNCF accident scenario (collision against a movable rigid mass of IS tons at 110 km/h). The front structure designed in a new concept shows good behaviours in crashworthy point of view. It collapses in a progressive and well-controlled fashion. To evaluate the design by considering real situations, the power-car is simulated for accidents collided against a dump truck of 15 tons at 110 km/h. The front end structure of it shows a good response on crashworthiness.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2023

In this paper, we analyzed the current path in the O/N/O (Oxide/Nitride/Oxide) structure of 3D NAND Flash memory and in the O/N/F (Oxide/Nitride/Ferroelectric) structure where the blocking oxide is replaced by a ferroelectric. In the O/N/O structure, when V_read is applied, a current path is formed on the backside of the channel due to the E-fields of neighboring cells. In contrast, the O/N/F structure exhibits a current path formed on the front side due to the polarization of the ferroelectric material, causing electrons to move toward the channel front. Additionally, we performed an examination of device characteristics considering channel thickness and channel length. The analysis results showed that the front electron current density in the O/N/F structure increased by 2.8 times compared to the O/N/O structure, and the front electron current density ratio of the O/N/F structure was 17.7% higher. Therefore, the front current path is formed more effectively in the O/N/F structure than in the O/N/O structure.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2007

A new level set based topology optimization employing inner-front creation algorithm is presented. In the conventional level set based topology optimization, the optimum topology strongly depends on the initial level set distribution due to the incapability of inner-front creation during optimization process. In the present work, in this regard, an inner-front creation algorithm is proposed. in which the sizes. shapes. positions, and number of new inner-fronts during the optimization process can be globally and consistently identified by considering both the value of a given criterion for inner-front creation and the occupied volume (area) of material domain. To facilitate the inner-front creation process, the inner-front creation map which corresponds to the discrete valued criterion of inner-front creation is applied to the level set function. In order to regularize the design domain during the optimization process, the edge smoothing is carried out by solving the edge smoothing partial differential equation (PDE). Updating the level set function during the optimization process, in the present work, the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) is employed. As demonstrative examples for the flexibility and usefulness of the proposed method. the level set based topology optimization considering lightweight design of 3D shell structure is carried out.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.973-981
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• 2008

This document presents the JES(Joint Element Structure) method that has been adopted for the firs time in our country for the construction of the structure crossing under the railroad without open excavation. Front Jacking Method, Tubular Roof Construction Method, New Tubular Roof Method and Joint Element Structure Method are commonly used for the construction of structures crossing under the railroad. JES Method, frequently used in Japan recently, is a new method to construct the structures crossing under the railroad in a safe manner and in a relatively short period of time by utilizing the steel elements with the joints through which the load in the vertical angle to the axial direction is transferred to the next element. The elements are tied to each other through the joints to form the permanent walls of a Rahmen structure under the road without open excavation and without limitation to the length in a convenient way. Through the case study in the project of a Subway Box Culvert Improvement for the Gyeonguiseon Railroad in front of Yonsei University using the JES Method, the cost and period of construction in various types of soil is investigated compared to the Front Jacking Method. Furthermore, by analyzing the results of instrumentation measurements carried out throughout the construction, comparison between the actual displacement in the ground and the predicted displacement in the design is made to provide the considerations to be counted for the design. In conclusion, comparison in the field of economic feasibility, constructability and safety between the JES Method and Front Jacking Method, which is most frequently adopted in our country at present, is made to present the JES Method as a new alternative for the non-open excavation construction method for the structures crossing under the railway.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2017

Purpose: Clarify the cause of the noise by the front wheel strut insulator, which is located in close proximity to the driver's seat. Methods: The improvement mechanism was confirmed through failure analysis and reproduction test of the joint generation mechanism. In addition, the main factors were analyzed through principal test. Results: This paper describes the mechanism of occurrence of noise due to deterioration and hardness increase of rubber, deformation on severe road surface, foreign matter and water inflow in cold weather. Conclusion: We found that the insulator and body deformation can be minimized without increasing the thickness of the body and the insulator and reinforcing the body by dispersing the input load by applying load distribution structure instead of the local forming structure of the insulator in the insulator robust structure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.894-897
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• 2003

Recently, the rapid growth of mobile radio system has led to an increasing demand of low-cost high performance communication IC's. In this paper, we have designed RF front end for wireless LAN receiver employ zero-IF architecture. A low-noise amplifier (LNA) and double-balanced mixer is included in a front end. The zero-IF architecture is easy to integrate and good for low power consumption, so that is coincided to requirement of wireless LAN. But the zero-IF architecture has a serious problem of large offset. Image-reject mixer is a good structure to solve offset problem. Using offset compensation circuit is good structure, too. The front end is implemented in 0.25 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The front end has a noise figure of 5.6 dB, a power consumption of 16 mW and total gain of 22 dB.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-85
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• 1999

A study on the larval fish assemblage around the front area was conducted in the Korea Strait in August, 1993. The front was found in the shelf break located in $35{\sim}36^{\circ}N$. A total of 125 species were found in the study area. Of these Engraulis japonicus was the most dominant species comprising 84.3% of the total fish larvae collected and followed by Maurolicus muelleri accounting for 7.7%. Gobiidae, Callionymidae and Pomacentridae showed higher frequency of occurrence. These five species can be divided into three groups. First group was comprised in the larval fish species such as E. japonicus and Callionymidae which were found in the whole study area. The second group was comprised of Gobiidae and Pomacentridae which were found in the warm area located in the southern part of the front area. The other species was M. muelleri found in the cold area located in the northern part of the front area including the front area. The assemblage, geological distribution and body length composition of the fish larvae in the Korea Strait would be mainly determined by the spawning ecology of the fishes, and the geological distribution and structure of the front which is formed in the ocean boundary between the Tsushima Current and the East Sea Cold Water.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2267-2272
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• 2009

The six-port direct conversion receiver front-end that is comprised of a carrier recovery and a phase shifter, which gets the same structure with six-port phase correlator using the multi-layer coupled line, was designed and fabricated in this paper. The six-port element that is comprised of the power divider and the hybrid coupler is designed by multi-layer coupled line structure. The multi-coupled structure is utilized as the basic structure in receiver phase correlator, carrier recovery circuit and phase shifter. The receiver front-end with the same multi-layer coupled line structure for the receiver elements shows the simple structure and no difficulty in integration. The fabricated multi-layer coupled six-port receiver front-end re-generates the carrier signal with a constant phase and demodulates the PSK transmission signal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The goal of crashworthiness is an optimized vehicle structure that can absorb the crash energy by controlled vehicle deformations while maintaining adequate space so that the residual crash energy can be managed by the restraint systems to minimize crash loads transfer to the vehicle occupants. Front side assembly is one of the most important energy absorbing components in relating to the crashworthiness design of vehicle. The structure and shape of the front side assemblies are different depending on auto-makers and size of vehicles. Thus, it is not easy to grab an insight on designer's intention when you glance at a new front side member without experiences. In this paper, we have performed the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis on the front side assembly of a passenger car to investigate the effect of thickness distribution of the front side assembly on the collapse shape, which is important in the aspect of controlling deformation to maintain adequate space, from the viewpoint of reverse engineering. To do this, we have performed crash FE analysis for the assembly by varying the thickness distribution of the assembly.