• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the effects of service quality offered by automotive Ro-Ro terminal operators on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results of the research can be used to understand how to enhance the service level in order to manage competitiveness of the terminal operators, finally resulting in global competitiveness of the automobile industry of Korea in both exports and imports. We carried out a survey on two groups: shippers (customers) and providers (related terminal operators and stakeholders). To identify and classify the factors into groups, we conducted Exploratory Factors Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which showed construct validity and convergent validity. We also calculated Cronbach's alpha for reliability. Five factor groups were identified: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. We found that empathy is the most influential factor group among the five groups, and that the other groups too exhibited similar effects. Based on the results of the survey and analyses, we can conclude that empathy is most important in automotive Ro-Ro terminals. In particular, specialties, training, experiences, and loyalty of employees are crucial factors because automotive Ro-Ro terminals significantly rely on work forces, differently from other bulk terminals and container terminals. Flexible working hours and fringe benefits for work forces can increase empathy, finally resulting in productivity and efficiency. Next, well-designed work schedules are followed, based on visibility through logistics and SCM activities in automobile export and import processes with information and communication networks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 1995

This study explores horizontal equity problems in the Seoul Subway System by using costs per passenger kilometer as a comparison index. In general, subway users in the central area, except Line 1, are subsidizing users in fringe areas. Spatial differentiation of user cross subsidies in the area is due mainly to interactions between factors such as vehicle kilometers traveled, number of passengers, and length of segments. In order to decrease levels of user cross subsidies among the users and so relieve honzontal equity problems associated with subway use, it is necessary to develop a user fare system in which portions of marginal costs of subway use can be distributed properly among users. However, two-stage fare structure of the subway system in the study area is based only on trip distance, and so marginal costs associated with subway use are not properly reflected in user fees. Therefore, horizontal equity of the system in the study area is affected because of inappropriate user fees.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.507-524
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• 2002

Load transfer of implant overdenture varies depending on anchorage systems that are the design of the superstructure and substructure and the choice of attachment. Overload by using improper anchorage system not only will cause fracture of the framework or screw but also may cause failure of osseointegration. Choosing anchorage system in making prosthesis, therefore, can be considered to be one of the most important factors that affect long-term success of implant treatment. In this study, in order to determine the effect of anchorage systems on load transfer in mandibular implant overdenture in which 4 implants were placed in the interforaminal region, patterns of stress distribution in implant supporting bone in case of unilateral vertical loading on mandibular left first molar were compared each other according to various types of anchorage system using three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis. The five photoelastic overdenture models utilizing Hader bar without cantilever using clips(type 1), cantilevered Hader bar using clips(type 2), cantilevered Hader bar with milled surface using clips(type 3), cantilevered milled-bar using swivel-latchs and frictional pins(type 4), and Hader bar using clip and ERA attachments(type 5), and one cantilevered fixed-detachable prosthesis(type 6) model as control were fabricated. The following conclusions were drawn within the limitations of this study, 1. In all experimental models. the highest stress was concentrated on the most distal implant supporting bone on loaded side. 2. Maximum fringe orders on ipsilateral distal implant supporting bone in a ascending order is as follows: type 5, type 1, type 4, type 2 and type 3, and type 6. 3. Regardless of anchorage systems. more or less stresses were generated on the residual ridge under distal extension base of all overdenture models. To summarize the above mentioned results, in case of the patients with unfavorable biomechanical conditions such as not sufficient number of supporting implants, short length of the implant and unfavorable antero-posterior spread. selecting resilient type attachment or minimizing distal cantilever bar is considered to be appropriate methods to prevent overloading on implants by reducing cantilever effect and gaining more support from the distal residual ridge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1979

At the holding of live anchovies which will be used as bait for the skipjack fishing, it is necessary to transrer the holding creel to the holding ground from the long distanted fishing ground. Usually, the creel made with net webbing and shaped like pound, was towed with a tow rope fastened to the front fringe or it, when two serious problems were found. The one was that the leading flap or the webbing of creel was drifted backward by the drag and caused to decrease the volume of the creel and made anchovies mortal. The other was that much time were spent to tow creels for long distance with slow speed, whereas to tow fast made anchovies worn out and caused them mortal. To prevent these defect, the authors carried out a model experiment in a circular flowing tank with a 1/15 scale model creel by four different arrangement of towing, and found out two suitable method, then these two methods were experimented in the sea with full rigged creel, and found the most suitable method out. To decrease the interior current speed of the creel even if it was towed fast, the apron which made by the same webbing of the creel body was enclosed the leading flap of creel, when the interior current speed showed the 35 to 40 percent of towing speed, whereas it showed 50 to 55 percent without apron.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.535-545
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• 2011

This study was carried out to suggest the baseline data necessary for vegetation restoration by naturalness assessment of riverine wetland within stream corridor. We selected stream reach both of near nature and urbanized by Nonsan stream and Hongchun river as experimental site. Composition of vegetation community and land use pattern between two sites indicated considerable difference, which imply for many different watershed property and process disturbed each other at river ecosystem. Naturalness of the sampled reaches showed that near nature is in better condition for riverine wetland than urbanized of all two sites. However, the prevalence index of Hongchun river within its natural state was lower than that of Nonsan stream, because the index included some vegetation communities occurred at upland fringe and bank slope. In conclusion assessment system using prevalence index would be considered an effective method for evaluating of natural states of riverine wetland.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.1 s.34
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• pp.11-27
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• 2007

T-DMB(Terrestrial-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) for portable and mobile broadcasting service was officially launched in the metropolitan area of Korea in December 2005. The development of interactive data services and the expansion of T-DMB network have been now progressed, and the regional T-DMB broadcasters will be selected in the near future. Although it is important to evaluate service area and reduce a fringe area for optimizing RF coverage of T-DMB, there was no professional system to support those works, and therefore lots of resources in budget, manpower and time were required. The measurement considering characteristics of SFN(Single Frequency Network) is essential in the implementation of T-DMB network which needs to control synchronization, spacing and output power of transmitters. In addition, mobile measurement, enough measured parameters for many-sided analysis of reception quality, efficient management of enormous measured data and representation of measured results on the electronic map are also important in evaluating service area. In this paper, we derived requirements for a new measurement system in T-DMB by considering the above details, and we proposed and developed an integrated measurement and analysis system. The developed system was applied to the implementation of T-DMB network of KBS and field tests, and it proved its efficiency and accuracy in result.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.679-697
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• 2011

This study analyzed the characteristics of spaces to and from which middle school students transfer, especially centering around the school districts of Southern area in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Osan, Yongin, and Hwaseong. This study was conducted to provide the suggestions regarding educational policies such as the positioning to appropriate school districts, improving of educational environment, and implementing of educational equity, by analyzing, based on the empirical data, the educational spaces of four cities showing rapid population growth due to recent suburbanization. The characteristics of distribution of variables such as schools for each district affecting the student transfer, housing development, and socioeconomics in the research object region are mainly analyzed through the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and cluster analysis. As a result, there is shown a distinct spatial difference between school districts of the cty downtown and urban fringe, and between school districts of the conventional cities(cities that have been from the past: note of translator) and new land development regions. First, the school districts in the city downtown showed lots of transfers between neighboring school districts, while the school districts in the urban fringes showed transfer-out tendencies strongly. Second, it was the new land development regions where the transfer-in rate is the highest in the Southern area of Gyeonggi Province. Third, the said new land development regions required the supply of educational installations and educational support that can meet educational demands, since these regions have relatively lower qualitied educational environments compared to the conventional cities where the fluidity of students is lower. Fourth, in the summary of all of the said three results, the student transfer in the southern area of Gyeonggi Province was shown in the spaces centering around the multi-core area by reflecting the restructuring of suburban area.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 1987

With regard to the Quaternary formations in the Korean Peninsula, very few studies have been done specially from a stratigraphic viewpoint. The alluvial sediments filling in the valleys have often been considered as the only formation of Quaternary age (more precisely of the Holocone) and so the Pleistocene was regarded as an erosional or nondepositional episode. This is apparently evident from a quick look at the general geological maps of the Peninsula, which show a lithological sequence of Mesozoic or Paleozoic substrata immediately overlain by Holocene alluvium. Likewise, the Pleistocene period was described in terms of unconformity in most local or regional stratigraphical successions of the Peninsula. Recently several different types of Quaternary formation, besides the so-called Holocene alluvium in the valley plain have been found around the Peninsula. They consist of coastal deposits, marine or fluviatile terrace deposits, ancient valley fill deposits or slope deposits. Some parts of the volcanic sediments in Jeju Is. are also known as the Quaternary sequence. Thus the Quaternary deposits in the Peninsula are far more developed than previously known to gelolgists. Moreover the importance of Quaternary research became recently apparent in Korea due to the shortage of raw materials and to the policy of an optimum land-use. Advanced constructions and land reclamation have required more precise engineering parameters of loose materials and an estimation of land stability. This does not imply only the engineering, or the structural properties of the loose material, but at the same time the basic study of the sediments from the stratigraphical and environmental viewpoints has been necessary. In this connection, Quaternary outcrops specially along the coastal fringe of the Peninsula have been mapped, profiled and sampled for sedimentological, clay-mineralogical and palaeomagnetic studies. All these results are compiled for the core of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Peninsula.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.567-588
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• 2009

Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator (KJJVC) is being developed by collaborating KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute), Korea, and NAOJ(National Observatory of Japan), Japan. In early 2010, KJJVC will work in normal operation. In this study, we developed the software correlator which is based on VCS (VLBI Correlation Subsystem) hardware specification as the core component of KJJVC. The main specification of software correlator is 8 Gbps, 8192 output channels, and 262,144-points FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) function same as VCS. And the functional algorithm which is same as specification of VCS and arithmetic register are adopted in this software correlator. To verify the performance of developed software correlator, the correlation experiments were carried out using the spectral line and continuum sources which were observed by VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry), NAOJ. And the experimental results were compared to the output of Mitaka FX correlator by referring spectrum shape, phase rate, and fringe detection and so on. Through the experimental results, we confirmed that the correlation results of software correlator are the same as Mitaka FX correlator and verified the effectiveness of it. In future, we expect that the developed software correlator will be the possible software correlator of KVN (Korean VLBI Network) with KJJVC by introducing the correlation post-processing and modifying the user interface as like GUI (Graphic User Interface).

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.125-148
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• 2017

This paper analyzes Korean aesthetic characteristics of Korean independent animation, which is closely related to artistic and social characteristics, by searching Korean independent animation image for the winner of "Indie AniFest", the only independent animation film festival in Korea. And social communication methods. There are three ways in which Korean Independence Animation shows the way of speaking through award-winning works. The first is a method of expressing feelings, impulses, and desires in a formative way, and a direct and sensuous image as in sign language or sound. In the second method of speaking differently with images, in the third method, It makes the voice of the fringe through the real world of the story sound as a story of reality. Animation is a medium that 'originalizes and communicates meaning' as an image, and has implemented and constructed a new way of speaking, which is different from existing social voices. Nevertheless, it is not easy to find a research that approaches animation from the viewpoint of social and political speech through images. Therefore, this paper is necessary for the balanced development of animation. In addition, this study can contribute to re - examining Korean independent animation from an academic point of view and to discover and evaluate fair value from a wider perspective.