• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

넓은 범위의 주파수 스펙트럼을 포함하고 있는 낙뢰나 전력변환 기기들을 고려할 때 접지시스템의 성능은 접지임피던스에 의해 평가되어야 한다. 본 논문은 실규모의 수직 접지전극과 매설지선에 대한 접지임피던스의 주파수 의존성에 대한 측정결과를 나타낸다. 수직 접지전극과 매설지선의 접지임피던스는 접지전극의 길이와 토양의 대지저항률에 따라 용량성 또는 유도성 특성을 나타내었으며, 단순히 접지저항을 낮추기 위해 접지전극의 길이를 증가시키는 것은 비효율적이며 접지임피던스를 고려한 접지설계가 요구된다. 또한 매설지선의 접지임피던스를 저감시키기 위해 접지도선은 매설지선의 중앙에 접속되어야 하며, 봉상 접지전극을 매설지선과 병렬로 설치하는 것이 접지임피던스의 저감에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.745-752
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• 2016

The parameters of Debye's equation were applied to analyze the frequency-dependent ground impedance of horizontally-buried wires. We present a new method, based on Debye's equation, of analyzing the effect of polarization on frequency-dependent ground impedance. The frequency-dependent ground impedances of a horizontally-buried wire are directly measured and calculated by applying sinusoidal current in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Also, the results obtained in this work were compared with the data calculated from empirical equations and commercial programs. A new methodology using the delta-gap source model is proposed in order to calculate frequency-dependent ground impedance when the ground current is injected at the middle-point of the horizontal ground electrode. The high frequency ground impedance of horizontal electrodes longer than 30 m is larger or equal to its low frequency ground resistance. Consequently, the frequency-dependent ground impedance simulated with the proposed method is in agreement with the experimental data, and the validity of the computational simulation approach is confirmed.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

This paper deals with the experimental results of the frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of vertical ground electrodes installed with a regular n-polygon. In order to propose an effective method of installing the vertically-driven multiple ground electrodes used to obtain the low ground impedance, the resultant ground impedance of ground electrodes installed with a regular n-polygon were measured as functions of the number of ground electrodes and the frequency of test currents and the results were discussed based on the potential interferences among ground electrodes. As a consequence, the effect of potential interference on the resultant ground impedance of vertical ground electrodes is frequency-dependent and it is significant in the low frequency of a few hundreds [Hz]. The resultant ground impedance of multiple vertical ground electrodes is not decreased in linearly proportion to the number of ground electrodes due to the overlapped potential interferences. Also the distributed-parameter circuit model considering the potential interference, the frequency-dependent relative permittivity and resistivity of soil was proposed. The simulated results of the frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of multiple vertical ground electrodes are in good agreement with the measured data.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

Multiple ground rods are commonly used to obtain the low ground impedance, but they will not reduce the ground impedance unless the spacings between the ground rods are sufficient. This paper presents the experimental results of frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel. The resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel were measured as functions of the spacing and length of ground rods and the frequency of test currents and were discussed based on the potential interferences. As a consequence, the frequency-dependent ground impedance of single ground rod and two combined ground rods give capacitive. It was found that the effect of potential interference on the ground impedance is directly associated with the frequency-dependent ground impedance and is strong in low frequency. Also, in order to reduce the increasing rate of resultant ground impedance of two ground rods due to potential interference to within 10(%), two ground rods in parallel will be placed over one rod length apart.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

고주파수성분을 포함하는 뇌격전류나 또는 고장전류에 대한 접지시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 접지저항보다는 접지임피던스에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 접지임피던스를 평가하기 위해서는 토양의 저항률과 비유전율의 주파수의존성이 규명되어야 한다. 본 논문은 3가지 다른 토양에 대하여 수분함유량에 따른 저항률과 비유전율의 주파수의존성을 나타낸다. 결론적으로 토양의 저항률은 수분함유량이 증가함에 따라서 작아지게 되고, 1[MHz]보다 낮은 주파수에서 거의 변화하지 않으며 1[MHz]이상의 주파수에서는 감소한다. 반면에 비유전율은 1[MHz]이하의 주파수에서 매우 급격하게 감소하며, 1[MHz]이상의 주파수에서는 거의 변화하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험 결과로 부터 낙뢰 또는 개폐서지에 대한 보호를 목적으로하는 접지시스템의 설계시 토양의 저항률과 비유전율을 고려하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.348-351
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• 2009

In order to evaluate the performance of a grounding system against lightning or fault currents including high frequency components, the grounding impedance should be considered rather than its ground resistance. Recently, some researches on the evaluation and modeling of the grounding impedances have been carried out but the results have not been yet sufficient. This paper deals with the frequency dependence of the resistivity and relative dielectric constant of sand associated with water contents. As a result, the resistivity of sand is getting lower with increasing water content and it is nearly independent on the frequency in the range of less than 1MHz, and is decreased over the frequency range of above 1MHz. Also, the relative dielectric constant is rapidly decreased with the frequency in the range of less than 10kHz, but it is nearly not dependent on the frequency over the frequency range of 10kHz. It was found from this work that the frequency dependance of resistivity and relative dielectric constant of soil should be considered in designing the grounding systems for protection against lightning or surges.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.333-336
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• 2008

This paper resents a theoretical analysis for the grounding impedance influenced by the ground rod's dimension using the distributed parameter model. In this paper, EMTP and Matlab Program were used to simulate the distributed parameter model and to analyze the frequency-dependent characteristics of the ground rods. We compared two kinds of ground rods having different dimensions and the frequency-dependent characteristics of two ground rods were quite different from each other. It is estimated that these different characteristics are caused by the distributed parmeters which are changed by the length of ground rod.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2004

This paper presents a systematic approach of measurement, modeling and analysis of grounding system impedance in the field of lightning protection system and intelligent power equipments. The measurement and analysis system of ground impedance is based on a computer aided technique. The magnitude and phase of ground impedance were determined by the novel measurement and analysis using the revised fall-of-potential method. The ground impedances of the ground rod of 50 m long are considerably dependent on the frequency. The ground impedance is mainly resistive in the frequency range of 3-20 kHz. At higher frequencies, the reactive components of the ground impedances are no longer negligible and the inductance of the ground rod was found to be the core factor deciding the ground impedance. Although the steady-state ground resistance of the ground rod of 50 m was less than that of the ground rod of 10 m, the ground impedances of the ground rod of 50 m over the frequency range of more than 60 kHz were much greater than those of the ground rod of 10 m. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit model based on the measured data was proposed. and the calculated results were in approximately agreement with the measured data.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1876-1878
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• 2004

A systematic approach of measurement, modeling and analysis of grounding system impedance is presented. The measurement and analysis system of ground impedance is based on a computer aided technique. The ground impedances of the ground rod are considerably dependent on the frequency. The ground impedance is mainly resistive in the frequency range of 3-20 kHz. At higher frequencies, the reactive components of the ground impedances are no longer negligible and the inductance of the ground rod was found to be the core factor deciding the ground impedance. As a consequence, the equivalent circuit model based on the measured data was proposed, and the calculated results were in approximately agreement with the measured data.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

정보통신설비의 피뢰설계는 정보통신기기 동작의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 뇌격전류에 의한 접지전극의 과도전위상승은 전원설비 및 정보통신기기의 절연내력의 기초 자료가 되기 때문에 정확한 해석이 요구된다. 접지전극의 과도전위상승은 접지임피던스로부터 계산되어지며, 접지임피던스는 접지전극의 형상과 토양의 주파수의존성에 크게 의존적이다. 토양의 주파수의존성은 인가된 전계에 의한 토양의 유전체 특성을 해석할 수 있는 디바이식을 적용하였다. 또한 접지임피던스로부터 과도전위상승을 계산하는 방법을 제시하였다. 디바이식을 적용한 과도전위상승 결과를 분석하기 위해서 전송선로 모델과 대지저항률이 일정한 경우에 대해서 각각 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 수평접지전극은 30 m이며, 표준 뇌격전류파형에 대해서 대지저항률이 10, 100, $1000{\Omega}{\cdot}m$에 대해서 각각 분석하였다. 그 결과 디바이식을 적용하여 계산된 수평접지 전극의 과도전위상승이 다른 모델의 경우보다 더 낮게 나타났다.